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Ziaaedin Ghorashi1, Sona Ghorashi2, Hassan Soltani-Ahari1, Nariman Nezami3 1Department of Pediatrics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 2Young Researchers Club, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz Islamic Azad University, 3Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common serious bacterial infection during infancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate demographic characteristics, clinical presentations and findings, and antimicrobial resistance among infants and children hospitalized in Tabriz Children's Hospital, Tabriz, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive observational study, 100 children who had been admitted with UTI diagnosis to Tabriz Children's Hospital from March 2003 to March 2008 were studied. Demographic characteristics, chief complaints, clinical presentations and findings, urine analysis and cultures, antimicrobial resistance, and sonographic and voiding cystourethrographic reports were evaluated. Results: The mean age of patients was 35.77 ± 39.86 months. The male to female ratio was 0.26. The mean white blood cell count was 12,900 ± 5226/mm3. Sixty-two percent of patients had leukocytosis. The most common isolated pathogen was Escherichia coli spp (77%) followed by Klebsiella spp (10%), Enterobacter spp (9%), and Enterococcus spp (4%). Isolated pathogens were highly resistant to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, and cephalexin (71%–96%), intermediate sensitivity to third-generation cephalosporins, and highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin (84.4%), amikacin (83.8%), and nitrofurantoin (82.8%). Conclusion: The most common pathogen of UTI in the hospitalized children was E. coli spp. The isolated pathogens were extremely resistant to ampicillin, and highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and amikacin. Keywords: urinary tract infection, antibiotic, resistance, sensitivity, Escherichia coli

J. S. Joseph, M. M. Chun, and K. Nakayama (1997) found that pop-out visual search was impaired as a function of intertarget lag in an attentional blink (AB) paradigm in which the 1st target was a letter and the 2nd target was a search display. In 4 experiments, the present authors tested the implication that search efficiency should be similarly impaired (steeper search slopes at shorter lags). A conventional AB deficit was found, but, contrary to expectations, search slopes were invariant with lag. These results suggest that no search can be carried out during the period of the AB. Instead, the search is postponed until after the 1st target has been processed. The authors conclude that efficient visual search cannot be carried out unless the visual system is configured appropriately for the search task. If the initial configuration is inappropriate, processing of the 2nd target is held in abeyance until the system has been suitably reconfigured.

Cities are creating an environment that encourages digital growth. Cities' capacity to facilitate and drive the development of a digital core system emphasizes the importance of cities in creating the necessary circumstances for a successful ecosystem - access to talent, access to funding, access to spaces and locations, and access to markets. Cities, on the other hand, can contribute to the creation of mechanisms such as co-investment funds, in which the public and private sectors share the risk of supporting new creative businesses. All facets of manufacturing, consumption, and regulatory services could be altered by digital technologies in our everyday routines. By introducing new capabilities and business models, as well as by influencing their environment and the policy systems that govern them, they will have a significant impact on entrepreneurial ecosystems. In this article, we are looking for a model that may express policy requirements of technological entrepreneurship in the urban ecosystem, based on knowledge about the importance and requirements of entrepreneurial ecosystems, the smart city approach, and the knowledge-based development strategy.A comparative analytical method was used to conduct this research. We review the literature on ecosystems, urban ecosystems, smart cities, and knowledge-based urban development. Then we classified the parameters of each and presented how these categories are related in a model. In the research literature and in an executive position, dealing with a model for the policy requirements of technological entrepreneurship in the urban ecosystem can explain how the issue is operationalized, examine the city as an ecosystem where entrepreneurship occurs through technology and requires its own policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are considered to be an jubilant candidate for the advanced future photovoltaic technology. In this research, the structure of the CIGS solar cell with two buffer layers of CdS and TiO2 that has been studied. The deposited CIGS films were selenized by electrical method under argon atmosphere at high temperature. This process was performed on the fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated (FTO) substrate. Eventually, 300 nm silver was deposited by evaporation method as the cathode. Different parameters of this structure were simulated by using SCAPS software. Subsequently, according to the simulation results, the role of the active layer was investigated and the optimum thickness. Also, CIGS solar cells are simulated by real parameters (energy gap, donor and acceptor carrier density, carrier density of the conduction band edge, conductivity). To our knowledge, proposed structure of the CIGS solar cells is easier compared to different structures proposed until now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer nanohybrids have displayed great potential in remobilizing oil droplets through porous media. This research aims at providing some insights into how the hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) polymer and Al2O3 nanoparticles’ (NPs) hybrid can push crude oil toward the producers. An understanding of what the hybrid viscosity is when flowing through porous rocks was acquired by the rheological tests. Using the Du Noüy ring method, the interfacial tension (IFT) between the polymer nanohybrid and crude oil was studied. Contact angle experiments were employed to assess the ability of hybrid in reversing surface wettability. The results show that the hybrid can yield a 12% higher shear viscosity than the HPAM solution and the viscosity improvement dramatically depends on NPs’ concentration and temperature. With more than a 23% drop in the contact angle value, the results of contact angle experiments reveal the capability of the Al2O3 NPs in altering surface wettability. The measured IFT between hybrid and crude oil at different temperatures demonstrates that the adsorption of NPs on the oil–aqueous phase interface can significantly improve the capillary number. This article not only presents the underlying mechanisms of oil recovery during hybrid flooding but also provides a new reference for formulating a novel hybrid agent.

Offshore wind turbine foundations are affected by cyclic loads due to oscillatory kinematic loads, such as those from wind, waves, and earthquakes. Monopiles are often used as a foundation concept for offshore windmill turbines. In this study, coupled dynamic equations with the u-P formulation for low-frequency load are considered for an offshore wind turbine monopile foundation, to present the response in terms of pore water pressure (PWP), stress and strain distribution in an elastic porous medium at regions around the monopile foundation. Different stress recovery techniques based on the Zienkeiwicz-Zhu (ZZ) error estimator namely, super-convergent patch recovery (SPR), weighted super-convergent patch recovery (WSPR), and L2-projection techniques are also investigated to recover the stresses at nodal points in the finite element method. To estimate errors in the time domain when performing transient simulations, three recovery processes are used with different meshes. The convergence of the dynamic problem is also studied. The results are verified with findings in the literature, revealing that the time period of effective stresses follows the applied load frequency. In conclusion, the history of the shear stress can have an important effect on the shear stress distribution, making it asymmetric in the time domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]