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Context: Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. (Apiaceae) is a perennial plant found in the Middle-East, where it is commonly used as an antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory agent. It is a rich source of coumarins. Objective: To purify several coumarins from P. ferulacea and to screen their cytotoxicity and anti-herpes activity. Materials and methods: Acetone extract of roots of P. ferulacea was subjected to several chromatographic separations to render pure coumarins ( 1-8). Anti-herpes virus effects of 1- 7 were evaluated at concentration 2.5, 5, and 10 µgmL−1, on a confluent monolayer of Vero cells infected with 25 PFU of HSV1. Cytotoxic effects of 1 and 2 were evaluated on an A2780S cell line using the MTT assay. The cells were exposed to a series of concentrations of coumarins (0.01-2.5 mM, 37°C, 72 h). Results: Compounds 1- 8 were identified as osthole, isoimperatorin, oxypeucedanin, psoralen, oxypeucedanin hydrate, gosferol, oxypeucedanin methnolate, and pranferol. This is the first report of occurrence of 4 and 7 in this plant. Compound 1 showed a viability of 9.41% ± 2.4 at 2.5 mM on A2780S cells (IC50 = 0.38 mM). The cell survival of 2 at 2.5 mM was 46.86% ± 5.5 with IC50 equal to 1.1 mM. Discussion and conclusion: Compound 1 shows cytotoxic effects on the A2780S cell line. Compound 2 is a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and the A2780S cell line does not express COX-2 which may interpret the non-toxic effect of the compound on this cell line. None of the tested compounds showed an anti-HSV effect at non-toxic concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The bulking agents have provided an effective means of treating adults with internal sphincter (IS) incompetence. The damages to IS in pull-through operation and in those who had hypermotile proximal bowel segments have increased the need for increasing the IS pressure. Materials and Methods: 35 children with fecal incontinence after pull-through, who presented to our unit from January 2008 to February 2012, were enrolled in the study and investigated with endoanal sonography and anorectal manometry. The bulking agent was injected into the sub-mucosal anal plane of IS. The assessments undertaken were clinical assessment of the functional score and anorectal manometery for 6-12 months. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 21 using repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA). Friedman test was used for analyzing soilage score changes during the study. Results: Manometry readings before and 6 months after intervention were 21.8 ± 4.2 and 25.2 ± 4.7 mmH2O, respectively. High-pressure zone area changed from 1.98 ± 0.63 to 2.8 ± 0.75 cm (P < 0.0001). B efore intervention, all the patients had complaints of soilage and complete incontinency. However, after intervention and 6-12 month follow-up, nearly 60% of patients were continent without significant soilage. However, there was a significant improvement in the overall continence grading scale scores post bulking from baseline to 6-12 months, but no change in the mean squeeze pressures at any time interval. Conclusion: Bulking of internal anal sphincter defects causes an improvement in fecal continence and the function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To compare the results of final renal function by two methods of treatment in patients diagnosed as posterior urethral valve (PUV) (valve ablation vs. vesicostomy). Materials and Methods: Fifty-four boys diagnosed with PUV participated in this study. They were divided into top two groups. Thirty-one of the total were treated with primary valve fulguration (Group 1) and 23 were treated with vesicostomy (Group 2). One-year-creatinine level and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured. Also, they were taken ultrasonography detecting hydronephrosis. Data analysed in IBM SPSS21 with t-test and Chi-square test. Presented with 95% of confidence intervals. Results: Fifty-four boys diagnosed with PUV participated in this study. The mean age of patients in Group 1 was 3.8 ± 1.48 days and Group 2 was 4.7 ± 1.85 days. One-year Cr level was 1.57 ± 1.45 in Group 1 and 1.57 ± 1.45 in Group 2 which was not statistically significant (P < 0.8). Also 1-year GFR level was 31.1 ± 4.4 in Group 1 and 33 ± 4.7% in Group 2 (P < 0.10/23) in Group 2 (43.47%) had severe hydronephrosis and 14/31 (45.16%) in Group 1 had severe hydronephrosis. Graded ultrasound results were not significantly different (P = 0.24). Conclusion: The results showed no significant difference. Vesicostomy might be a more favourable method due to less complication and follow-up in early neonatal life. Hence, the condition of the patients and decision of the surgeon are effective parameters in choosing an optimal method in patients diagnosed with PUV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article discusses a method of transnal soave pull through operation on patients with Hirschsprung's disease, an enteric nervous system dysfunction. The method was performed between January 2011 and February 2012. These patients underwent endorectal sonography and anorectal manometry to detect the intactness of external and internal sphincter following the operation. It recommends avoiding opening the peritoneal cavity and saving the configuration of sphincter for less complications.

Background: To compare the results of final renal function by two methods of treatment in patients diagnosed as posterior urethral valve (PUV) (valve ablation vs. vesicostomy)., Materials and Methods: Fifty-four boys diagnosed with PUV participated in this study. They were divided into top two groups. Thirty-one of the total were treated with primary valve fulguration (Group 1) and 23 were treated with vesicostomy (Group 2). One-year-creatinine level and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured. Also, they were taken ultrasonography detecting hydronephrosis. Data analysed in IBM SPSS21 with t-test and Chi-square test. Presented with 95% of confidence intervals., Results: Fifty-four boys diagnosed with PUV participated in this study. The mean age of patients in Group 1 was 3.8 ± 1.48 days and Group 2 was 4.7 ± 1.85 days. One-year Cr level was 1.57 ± 1.45 in Group 1 and 1.57 ± 1.45 in Group 2 which was not statistically significant (P < 0.8). Also 1-year GFR level was 31.1 ± 4.4 in Group 1 and 33 ± 4.7% in Group 2 (P < 0.10/23) in Group 2 (43.47%) had severe hydronephrosis and 14/31 (45.16%) in Group 1 had severe hydronephrosis. Graded ultrasound results were not significantly different (P = 0.24)., Conclusion: The results showed no significant difference. Vesicostomy might be a more favourable method due to less complication and follow-up in early neonatal life. Hence, the condition of the patients and decision of the surgeon are effective parameters in choosing an optimal method in patients diagnosed with PUV.

Isoimperatorin is one of the main components of Prangos ferulacea as a linear furanocoumarin and used as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic, and anticancer drug. Human serum albumin (HSA) is a principal extracellular protein with a high concentration in blood plasma and carrier for many drugs to different molecular targets. Since the carrying of drug by HSA may affect on its structure and action, we decided to investigate the interaction between HSA and isoimperatorin using fluorescence and UV spectroscopy. Fluorescence data indicated that isoimperatorin quenches the intrinsic fluorescence of the HSA via a static mechanism and hydrophobic interaction play the major role in the drug binding. The binding average distance between isoimperatorin and Trp 214 of HSA was estimated on the basis of the theory of Förster energy transfer. Decrease of protein surface hydrophobicity (PSH) was also documented upon isoimperatorin binding. Furthermore, the synchronous fluorescence spectra show that the microenvironment of the tryptophan residues does not have obvious changes. Site marker compettive and fluorescence experiments revealed that the binding of isoimperatorin to HSA occurred at or near site I. Finally, the binding details between isoimperatorin and HSA were further confirmed by molecular docking and esterase activity inhibition studies which revealed that drug was bound at subdomain IIA.