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A very important factor which needs to be considered in the process of designing an efficient supply chain is cost reduction. Meanwhile, to tackle climate change and to fight the increase in environmental pollution, the managers of organizations as well as scholars active in the field of designing supply chains, have started to adopt measures, which, on top of economic optimization, are also focused on environmental factors aimed at reducing pollutants in all sectors of the economy. Apart from the mentioned two variables, another factor influencing the supply chain is the delivery time. In the present paper, an integrated forward/reverse logistics network has been studied considering three objective functions including "minimizing environmental effects", "minimizing costs", and "minimizing delivery time", which are in fact the innovations of this research study. Model uncertainty has been dealt with through robustness of solutions. Scenario-based risk assessment methods have been applied to identifying and assessing potential risks. Then, taking into consideration the uncertain parameters, the robust scenario-based model of the problem has been submitted. Replacing the outputs of risk analysis (normalized risk priority number (RPN)) in the model for scenario occurrence, the authors have completed the model. Meanwhile, using the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) software and the LP metric method, the model is transformed into a single- objective model and the problem is solved. The findings indicate that with the combination of risk assessment and robust optimization techniques, an efficient supply chain design will be realized, which is the study's another innovative aspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the concentrations of six toxic metals (Cd, Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) in the muscle and hepatic tissues of five commercially important fish species including narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson, Black pomfret, Parastromateus niger, Silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus, blackspot snapper, Lutjanus fulviflammus and Tigertooth croaker, Otolithes ruber, since they are very common in the household fish consumption. The fish samples were collected from three main landing areas along Bushehr and Hormozgan provinces during spring 2017. Our results indicated that lead concentration was higher than those of other measured heavy metals in all examined fish species, while it was an inverse situation for cadmium. We found that the concentration of the measured metals totally were higher in the liver than in muscle of all the examined fish. There was no significant intra-specific variation in metal concentration among the fish from the same species. Since it is very important to the consumer to choose between the species, we also detected the mean values of the metal concentration in the muscle of the relatively same aged species, sampled from same stations.

Background: The seroconversion rate is lower in response to COVID-19 vaccination in immunocompromised patients. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the humoral immune response and short-term clinical outcomes in kidney transplant recipients vaccinated with the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV; Sinopharm). Methods: This prospective cohort was conducted from May to December 2021 in Abu Ali Sina Hospital, Iran. All kidney transplant recipients older than 18 received two doses of the Sinopharm vaccine four weeks apart. Immunogenicity was assessed by evaluating antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 after the first and second vaccine doses. Patients were followed up for six months after vaccination. Results: Out of 665 kidney transplant patients, 76 patients (11.43%) and 182 patients (27.37%) had acceptable anti-S-RBD immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels after the first and second doses. Forty-six patients (6.91%) were infected with COVID-19, which led to the hospitalization of 34 (5.11%) of them. No deaths were recorded during the follow-up period. An increase in serum creatinine was detected in 86 (12.93%) studied patients. The predominant adverse reactions reported in patients were fatigue, headache, and injection site pain. Conclusion: Our findings showed that the humoral response rate of kidney transplant recipients to the Sinopharm vaccine is relatively low, and receiving the third dose of the vaccine seems reasonable to a large extent. Also, the care of the COVID-19 disease in people who are in the first year after receiving a kidney transplant should be more accurate and intensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital transformation is one of the prominent phenomena of the century, and it has many effects on the economy, society, and environment. Digital transformation means using new technologies that lead to increased efficiency, creativity and innovation and can solve environmental challenges, such as reducing air, water and soil pollution, saving natural resources, protecting biodiversity and solving greenhouse effect reduction. Slow Green performance is an index that measures the degree of adherence of businesses to environmental activities and preserves resources for future generations. Organizations and companies are trying to move their production activities towards green production. Advertising activities are also organized through green marketing and combined green marketing. Given the importance of green performance, this article explains what aspects of the green supply chain are affected by digital transformation. This article is based on articles collected from the reliable hub research site and interviews with several experts in digital and green management. The present article, which is qualitative, cites numerous articles and the qualitative analysis method with MAXQDA software and explains how digital transformation makes the green supply chain more efficient. The results showed that digital transformation has the greatest impact on green production, followed by green materials and green consumption.