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Objective: To study the clinical presentation, histology and colonoscopic features of lower gastrointestinal polyps in Iranian children. Material and Methods: Medical reports of children with colorectal polyps were retrospectively reviewed from 1996 to 2005 at the Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Iran. A total of 563 cases were studied. Data related to age, sex, family history, signs and symptoms, the size, location, polyp types and associated lesions were collected and analyzed. Results: The mean age of children was 5.66 ± 2.88 years (range 2 months to 17 years), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.61:1.0. The highest incidence was between ages 2 and 10 years (85.1%). Rectal bleeding was the presenting symptom in 78.5% cases. The polyps were solitary in 94% of cases. A majority of polyps (86.3%) were juvenile and 86.7% located in the rectosigmoid area. Three percent of cases had a positive family history. One case of Turcot syndrome was also identified. Conclusion: Juvenile polyps remain the most common polyps in Iranian children. Although the presence of a solitary polyp in the rectosigmoid colon is more prevalent, in a significant number of cases they are multiple and located in proximal parts. Polyps must be removed even when asymptomatic because of their probable neoplastic potential.

Several studies have shown the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) to be around 1% in Iran, which is similar to the worldwide prevalence. There is scant information on occult CD in apparently healthy school age children. This study, as the first such study in Iran, aims to determine the prevalence of occult CD in healthy Iranian school age children.In this cross-sectional study, we screened healthy school age children for CD by serum IgA and IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG) levels. Measurement of these antibodies was by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. A recheck of positive tTG tests was performed and patients who tested positive underwent endoscopic duodenal biopsies. The biopsy samples were scored according to the Marsh classification by an experienced pathologist.A total of 634 children (314 males, 320 females; mean age: 12.8 years) were included in the study. All children and/or their parents completed a questionnaire and children underwent an initial physical examination to determine study eligibility. Positive serum tTG was noted in 3 (0.5%; 2 females) out of 634 patients. Duodenal biopsies were consistent with CD in these 3 subjects. The mean age of patients with CD was 14.3 years (range: 12-17 years). The female to male ratio was 2:1. These cases had no signs and symptoms, but a gluten-free diet was recommended according to pathologic changes in their small bowels and results of the tTG test.The prevalence of occult CD in these children is 0.5%, which is half of the prevalence of CD in Iranian adults. The anti-tTG concentration at initial serological CD screening is highly informative in determining occult cases of CD. The question is whether all non-symptomatic cases should be treated with a gluten-free diet or not.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of disorders, including Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and indeterminate colitis (IC). Small intestine and colon are primarily affected in this group of disorders.This single center study was performed to define demographic features and clinical characteristics of Iranian pediatric patients with IBD.Fifty nine patients with IBD, who have been referred to Children's Medical Center Hospital during a 10-year period, were investigated in this study. The data was gathered by interviewing the patients and their families, as well as reviewing their medical records.Among 59 patients with IBD, 23 cases had UC and 19 cases had CD, while the remaining 17 cases had IC. Patients with UC were significantly younger at the time of diagnosis in comparison with patients with CD. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever and growth failure. Hepatobiliary abnormalities and arthritis were common extra intestinal manifestations. The median Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index was 42.5 (range 20-60), whereas the median Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index was 40 (range 20-70). Seven of 23 UC (30.4%) had proctatis, while 16 (69.6%) had extensive colitis. In CD, 11 of 19 (57.9%) had involvement of terminal ileum and colon, while inflammation was limited to the colon in 8 cases (42.1%). The colonoscopic findings in the IC group were heterogeneous.This study provides epidemiological data on pediatric patients with IBD, which could be useful for health care workers in prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment of early onset IBD.

Helicobacter pylori isolates from 84 adults and 51 children were assessed during the period of 2001 through 2004 to find out whether their susceptibilities to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, and furazolidone differ between the two groups or have changed compared with the results from our previous study done between 1997 - 2000.Biopsies from 135 dyspeptic patients were cultured on Brucella blood agar. Pure cultures of H. pylori isolates were used for antibiotic susceptibility tests. Disk diffusion method was recruited to assess the susceptibility of H. pylori isolates to different dilutions of the above mentioned antimicrobials. Results obtained from the two groups were compared and minimum inhibitory concentrations determined.Thirty-five percent of H. pylori isolates from adults and 37% from children were resistant to metronidazole. Clarithromycin resistance rate was 2.4% and 5.9% in H. pylori isolates from adults and children, respectively. Amoxicillin resistance was 2.4% in isolates from adults and 5.9% in isolates from children. Tetracycline resistance rate was 0% in H. pylori isolates from adults and 2.0% in isolates from children. Resistance to furazolidone was not observed.Resistance rates of H. pylori isolates from adults and children to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, and furazolidone are similar and not significantly affected by age and time.