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416 results on '"Ghioni, M."'

2. Tumor microenvironment-induced FOXM1 regulates ovarian cancer stemness

Author

Battistini, C, Kenny, H, Zambuto, M, Nieddu, V, Melocchi, V, Decio, A, Lo Riso, P, Villa, C, Gatto, A, Ghioni, M, Porta, F, Testa, G, Giavazzi, R, Colombo, N, Bianchi, F, Lengyel, E, Cavallaro, U, Battistini C., Kenny H. A., Zambuto M., Nieddu V., Melocchi V., Decio A., Lo Riso P., Villa C. E., Gatto A., Ghioni M., Porta F. M., Testa G., Giavazzi R., Colombo N., Bianchi F., Lengyel E., Cavallaro U., Battistini, C, Kenny, H, Zambuto, M, Nieddu, V, Melocchi, V, Decio, A, Lo Riso, P, Villa, C, Gatto, A, Ghioni, M, Porta, F, Testa, G, Giavazzi, R, Colombo, N, Bianchi, F, Lengyel, E, Cavallaro, U, Battistini C., Kenny H. A., Zambuto M., Nieddu V., Melocchi V., Decio A., Lo Riso P., Villa C. E., Gatto A., Ghioni M., Porta F. M., Testa G., Giavazzi R., Colombo N., Bianchi F., Lengyel E., and Cavallaro U.

Abstract

In ovarian tumors, the omental microenvironment profoundly influences the behavior of cancer cells and sustains the acquisition of stem-like traits, with major impacts on tumor aggressiveness and relapse. Here, we leverage a patient-derived platform of organotypic cultures to study the crosstalk between the tumor microenvironment and ovarian cancer stem cells. We discovered that the pro-tumorigenic transcription factor FOXM1 is specifically induced by the microenvironment in ovarian cancer stem cells, through activation of FAK/YAP signaling. The microenvironment-induced FOXM1 sustains stemness, and its inactivation reduces cancer stem cells survival in the omental niche and enhances their response to the PARP inhibitor Olaparib. By unveiling the novel role of FOXM1 in ovarian cancer stemness, our findings highlight patient-derived organotypic co-cultures as a powerful tool to capture clinically relevant mechanisms of the microenvironment/cancer stem cells crosstalk, contributing to the identification of tumor vulnerabilities.

Published
2024

3. Multispot single-molecule FRET: high-throughput analysis of freely diffusing molecules

Author

Ingargiola, A, Lerner, E, Chung, S, Panzeri, F, Gulinatti, A, Rech, I, Ghioni, M, Weiss, S, and Michalet, X

Subjects
Genetics
Abstract

We describe an 8-spot confocal setup for high-throughput smFRET assays and illustrate its performance with two characteristic experiments. First, measurements on a series of freely diffusing doubly-labeled dsDNA samples allow us to demonstrate that data acquired in multiple spots in parallel can be properly corrected and result in measured sample characteristics identical to those obtained with a standard single-spot setup. We then take advantage of the higher throughput provided by parallel acquisition to address an outstanding question about the kinetics of the initial steps of bacterial RNA transcription. Our real-time kinetic analysis of promoter escape by bacterial RNA polymerase confirms results obtained by a more indirect route, shedding additional light on the initial steps of transcription. Finally, we discuss the advantages of our multispot setup, while pointing potential limitations of the current single laser excitation design, as well as analysis challenges and their solutions.

Published
2016

4. Tips and Tricks for Early Diagnosis of Cervico-Vaginal Involvement from Extramammary Paget’s Disease of the Vulva: A Referral Center Experience

Author

Iacobone, A, Guerrieri, M, Preti, E, Spolti, N, Radici, G, Peveri, G, Bagnardi, V, Tosti, G, Maggioni, A, Bottari, F, Scacchi, C, Ghioni, M, Iacobone A. D., Guerrieri M. E., Preti E. P., Spolti N., Radici G., Peveri G., Bagnardi V., Tosti G., Maggioni A., Bottari F., Scacchi C., Ghioni M., Iacobone, A, Guerrieri, M, Preti, E, Spolti, N, Radici, G, Peveri, G, Bagnardi, V, Tosti, G, Maggioni, A, Bottari, F, Scacchi, C, Ghioni, M, Iacobone A. D., Guerrieri M. E., Preti E. P., Spolti N., Radici G., Peveri G., Bagnardi V., Tosti G., Maggioni A., Bottari F., Scacchi C., and Ghioni M.

Abstract

Cervico-vaginal (CV) localization of extra-mammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) of the vulva is extremely rare. In order to investigate the incidence risk and the pathognomonic clinical and pathological features of this condition, a retrospective analysis was conducted including 94 women treated for vulvar EMPD at the European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy, from October 1997 to May 2020. Overall nine patients developed CV involvement from EMPD, with a cumulative incidence of 2.5% (95% CI: 0.5–8.0%) at 5 years, 6.5% (95% CI: 1.9–15.1%) at 10 years and 14.0% (95% CI: 4.8–27.8%) at 15 years, respectively. All cases except one were firstly detected by abnormal glandular cytology. None reported vaginal bleeding or other suspicious symptoms. The colposcopic findings were heterogeneous and could sometimes be misdiagnosed. Cervical and/or vaginal biopsies were always performed for histopathological diagnosis by identification of Paget cells in the epithelium or stroma. Most patients developed invasive EMPD (5/9) of the cervix and/or vagina and underwent hysterectomy with partial or total colpectomy. CV involvement from EMPD should not be underestimated in women with a long-standing history of vulvar Paget’s disease. Liquid-based cytology with immunocytochemistry represents a valuable tool for early diagnosis and should be routinely performed during the required lifelong follow-up.

Published
2023

5. An extremely low-noise heralded single-photon source: a breakthrough for quantum technologies

Author

Brida, G., Degiovanni, I. P., Genovese, M., Piacentini, F., Traina, P., Della Frera, A., Tosi, A., Shehata, A. Bahgat, Scarcella, C., Gulinatti, A., Ghioni, M., Polyakov, S. V., Migdall, A., and Giudice, A.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Low noise single-photon sources are a critical element for quantum technologies. We present a heralded single-photon source with an extremely low level of residual background photons, by implementing low-jitter detectors and electronics and a fast custom-made pulse generator controlling an optical shutter (a LiNbO3 waveguide optical switch) on the output of the source. This source has a second-order autocorrelation g^{(2)}(0)=0.005(7), and an "Output Noise Factor" (defined as the ratio of the number of noise photons to total photons at the source output channel) of 0.25(1)%. These are the best performance characteristics reported to date.

Published
2013
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6. Expression of tumor-associated antigens in breast cancer subtypes

Author

Curigliano, G, Bagnardi, V, Ghioni, M, Louahed, J, Brichard, V, Lehmann, F, Marra, A, Trapani, D, Criscitiello, C, Viale, G, Curigliano G., Bagnardi V., Ghioni M., Louahed J., Brichard V., Lehmann F. F., Marra A., Trapani D., Criscitiello C., Viale G., Curigliano, G, Bagnardi, V, Ghioni, M, Louahed, J, Brichard, V, Lehmann, F, Marra, A, Trapani, D, Criscitiello, C, Viale, G, Curigliano G., Bagnardi V., Ghioni M., Louahed J., Brichard V., Lehmann F. F., Marra A., Trapani D., Criscitiello C., and Viale G.

Abstract

Objectives: Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are frequently overexpressed in several cancer types. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TAAs in breast cancer. Material and methods: A total of 250 selected invasive breast cancers including 50 estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (Luminal B like), 50 triple-negative (TN), 50 ER-positive lobular type, 50 ER- and progesterone receptor (PgR)-positive (Luminal A like) and 50 cerbB2-positive breast cancers, were assessed for New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1), Wilms tumor antigen (WT-1) and PReferentially expressed Antigen of MElanoma (PRAME) antigen expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: A significantly higher expression of cancer testis (CT)-antigens NY-ESO-1 and WT-1 antigen was detected in TN breast cancers compared with ER-positive tumors. NY-ESO-1 overexpression (score 2 + and 3+) assessed by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies was detected in 9 (18%) TN cancers as compared to 2 (4%) ER-positive tumors (p = 0.002). WT1 over-expression (score 2 + and 3+) was confirmed in 27 (54%) TN tumor samples as compared to 6 (12%) ER-positive (p < 0.0001). PRAME over-expression (score 2 + and 3+) was detected in 8 (16%) HER2 positive tumor samples as compared to no TN and ER-positive cancers (p = 0.0021). Conclusions: NY-ESO-1 and WT1 antigens are overexpressed in TN breast cancers. Because of the limited therapeutic options for this patient subgroup, CT antigen-based vaccines might prove to be useful for patients with this phenotype of breast cancer.

Published
2020

10. On the Feasibility of Avalanche Devices for Optical Switching in Silicon

Author

Cova, S., Lacaita, A., Ghioni, M., Ripamonti, G., Aigrain, P., editor, Aldana, F., editor, Danielmeyer, H. G., editor, Faugeras, O., editor, Gallaire, H., editor, Kowalski, R. A., editor, Lehn, J. M., editor, Levi, G., editor, Metakides, G., editor, Oakley, B., editor, Rasmussen, J., editor, Tribolet, J., editor, Tsichritzis, D., editor, Van Overstraeten, R., editor, Wrixon, G., editor, Smith, S. Desmond, editor, and Neale, Roderick F., editor

Published
1993
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12. The DarkSide experiment

Author

Bottino, B., E. Aalseth, C., Acconcia, G., Acerbi, F., Agnes, P., Agostino, L., Albuquerque, I.F.M., Alexander, T., Alton, A., Ampudia, P., Ardito, R., Arisaka, K., J. Arnquist, I., M. Asner, D., O. Back, H., Baldin, B., Batignani, G., Biery, K., G. Bisogni, M., Bocci, V., Bondar, A., Bonfini, G., Bonivento, W., Bossa, M., Brigatti, A., Brodsky, J., Budano, F., Bunker, R., Bussino, S., Buttafava, M., Buzulutskov, A., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calandri, N., Calaprice, F., Calvo, J., Campajola, L., Canci, N., Candela, A., Cantini, C., Cao, H., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Carpinelli, M., Castellani, A., Catalanotti, S., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Citterio, M., G. Cocco, A., Corgiolu, S., Covone, G., Crivelli, P., D'Angelo, D., D'Incecco, M., Daniel, M., Davini, S., De Cecco, S., De Deo, M., De Guido, G., De Vincenzi, M., Demontis, P., Derbin, A., Devoto, A., Di Eusanio, F., Di Pietro, G., Dionisi, C., Dolgov, A., Dromia, I., Dussoni, S., Edkins, E., Empl, A., Fan, A., Ferri, A., O. Filip, C., Fiorillo, G., Fomenko, K., Forster, G., Franco, D., E. Froudakis, G., Gabriele, F., Gabrieli, A., Galbiati, C., Gendotti, A., Ghioni, M., Ghisi, A., Giagu, S., Gibertoni, G., Giganti, C., Giorgi, M., K. Giovannetti, G., L. Gligan, M., Gola, A., Goretti, A., Granato, F., Grassi, M., W. Grate, J., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guardincerri, Y., Gulinatti, A., K. Haaland, R., Hackett, B., Harrop, B., Herner, K., W. Hoppe, E., Horikawa, S., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Al., Ianni, An., Ivashchuk, O., James, I., N. Johnson, T., Jollet, C., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C., Kobychev, V., Koh, G., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., W. Kuss, M., Lissia, M., Li, X., U. Lodi, G., Lombardi, P., Longo, G., Loverre, P., Luitz, S., Lussana, R., Luzzi, L., Ma, Y., A. Machado, A., Machulin, I., Mais, L., Mandarano, A., Mapelli, L., Marcante, M., Mari, S., Mariani, M., Maricic, J., Marinelli, M., Marini, L., J. Martoff, C., Mascia, M., Meregaglia, A., D. Meyers, P., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Miller, J.D., Moioli, S., Monasterio, S., Montanari, D., Monte, A., Montuschi, M., E. Monzani, M., Morrocchi, M., Mosteiro, P., Mount, B., Mu, W., N. Muratova, V., Murphy, S., Musico, P., Napolitano, J., Nelson, A., Nosov, V., N. Nurakhov, N., Odrowski, S., Oleinik, A., Orsini, M., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Palmas, S., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Parmeggiano, S., Paternoster, G., Pazzona, F., Pelczar, K., A. Pellegrini, L., Pelliccia, N., Perasso, S., Peronio, P., Perotti, F., Perruzza, R., Piemonte, C., Pilo, F., Pocar, A., Pordes, S., Pugachev, D., Qian, H., Radics, B., Randle, K., Ranucci, G., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Rech, I., Regazzoni, V., Regenfus, C., Reinhold, B., Renshaw, A., Rescigno, M., Ricotti, M., Riffard, Q., Rizzardini, S., Romani, A., Romero, L., Rossi, B., Rossi, N., Rountree, D., Rubbia, A., Ruggeri, A., Sablone, D., Saggese, P., Salatino, P., Salemme, L., Sands, W., Sangiorgio, S., Sant, M., Santorelli, R., Sanzaro, M., Savarese, C., Sechi, E., Segreto, E., Semenov, D., Shchagin, A., Shekhtman, L., Shemyakina, E., Shields, E., Simeone, M., N. Singh, P., Skorokhvatov, M., Smallcomb, M., Smirnov, O., Sokolov, A., Sotnikov, A., Stanford, C., B. Suffritti, G., Suvorov, Y., Tamborini, D., Tartaglia, R., Tatarowicz, J., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Tosi, A., Trinchese, P., Unzhakov, E., Vacca, A., Verducci, M., Viant, T., Villa, F., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, B., Wada, M., Walker, S., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Watson, A., Westerdale, S., Wilhelmi, J., Wojcik, M., Wu, S., Xiang, X., Xu, J., Yang, C., Yoo, J., Zappa, F., Zappalà, G., Zavatarelli, S., Zec, A., Zhong, W., Zhu, C., Zullo, A., Zullo, M., Zuzel, G., Bottino, B, Aalseth, C, Acconcia, G, Acerbi, F, Agnes, P, Agostino, L, Albuquerque, I, Alexander, T, Alton, A, Ampudia, P, Ardito, R, Arisaka, K, Arnquist, I, Asner, D, Back, H, Baldin, B, Batignani, G, Biery, K, Bisogni, M, Bocci, V, Bondar, A, Bonfini, G, Bonivento, W, Bossa, M, Brigatti, A, Brodsky, J, Budano, F, Bunker, R, Bussino, S, Buttafava, M, Buzulutskov, A, Cadeddu, M, Cadoni, M, Calandri, N, Calaprice, F, Calvo, J, Campajola, L, Canci, N, Candela, A, Cantini, C, Cao, H, Caravati, M, Cariello, M, Carlini, M, Carpinelli, M, Castellani, A, Catalanotti, S, Cavalcante, P, Chepurnov, A, Cicalò, C, Citterio, M, Cocco, A, Corgiolu, S, Covone, G, Crivelli, P, D'Angelo, D, D'Incecco, M, Daniel, M, Davini, S, De Cecco, S, De Deo, M, De Guido, G, De Vincenzi, M, Demontis, P, Derbin, A, Devoto, A, Di Eusanio, F, Di Pietro, G, Dionisi, C, Dolgov, A, Dromia, I, Dussoni, S, Edkins, E, Empl, A, Fan, A, Ferri, A, Filip, C, Fiorillo, G, Fomenko, K, Forster, G, Franco, D, Froudakis, G, Gabriele, F, Gabrieli, A, Galbiati, C, Gendotti, A, Ghioni, M, Ghisi, A, Giagu, S, Gibertoni, G, Giganti, C, Giorgi, M, Giovannetti, G, Gligan, M, Gola, A, Goretti, A, Granato, F, Grassi, M, Grate, J, Gromov, M, Guan, M, Guardincerri, Y, Gulinatti, A, Haaland, R, Hackett, B, Harrop, B, Herner, K, Hoppe, E, Horikawa, S, Hungerford, E, Ianni, A, Ivashchuk, O, James, I, Johnson, T, Jollet, C, Keeter, K, Kendziora, C, Kobychev, V, Koh, G, Korablev, D, Korga, G, Kubankin, A, Kuss, M, Lissia, M, Li, X, Lodi, G, Lombardi, P, Longo, G, Loverre, P, Luitz, S, Lussana, R, Luzzi, L, Ma, Y, Machado, A, Machulin, I, Mais, L, Mandarano, A, Mapelli, L, Marcante, M, Mari, S, Mariani, M, Maricic, J, Marinelli, M, Marini, L, Martoff, C, Mascia, M, Meregaglia, A, Meyers, P, Miletic, T, Milincic, R, Miller, J, Moioli, S, Monasterio, S, Montanari, D, Monte, A, Montuschi, M, Monzani, M, Morrocchi, M, Mosteiro, P, Mount, B, Mu, W, Muratova, V, Murphy, S, Musico, P, Napolitano, J, Nelson, A, Nosov, V, Nurakhov, N, Odrowski, S, Oleinik, A, Orsini, M, Ortica, F, Pagani, L, Pallavicini, M, Palmas, S, Pantic, E, Paoloni, E, Parmeggiano, S, Paternoster, G, Pazzona, F, Pelczar, K, Pellegrini, L, Pelliccia, N, Perasso, S, Peronio, P, Perotti, F, Perruzza, R, Piemonte, C, Pilo, F, Pocar, A, Pordes, S, Pugachev, D, Qian, H, Radics, B, Randle, K, Ranucci, G, Razeti, M, Razeto, A, Rech, I, Regazzoni, V, Regenfus, C, Reinhold, B, Renshaw, A, Rescigno, M, Ricotti, M, Riffard, Q, Rizzardini, S, Romani, A, Romero, L, Rossi, B, Rossi, N, Rountree, D, Rubbia, A, Ruggeri, A, Sablone, D, Saggese, P, Salatino, P, Salemme, L, Sands, W, Sangiorgio, S, Sant, M, Santorelli, R, Sanzaro, M, Savarese, C, Sechi, E, Segreto, E, Semenov, D, Shchagin, A, Shekhtman, L, Shemyakina, E, Shields, E, Simeone, M, Singh, P, Skorokhvatov, M, Smallcomb, M, Smirnov, O, Sokolov, A, Sotnikov, A, Stanford, C, Suffritti, G, Suvorov, Y, Tamborini, D, Tartaglia, R, Tatarowicz, J, Testera, G, Tonazzo, A, Tosi, A, Trinchese, P, Unzhakov, E, Vacca, A, Verducci, M, Viant, T, Villa, F, Vishneva, A, Vogelaar, B, Wada, M, Walker, S, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Watson, A, Westerdale, S, Wilhelmi, J, Wojcik, M, Wu, S, Xiang, X, Xu, J, Yang, C, Yoo, J, Zappa, F, Zappalà, G, Zavatarelli, S, Zec, A, Zhong, W, Zhu, C, Zullo, A, Zullo, M, Zuzel, G, Bottino, B., Aalseth, C. E., Acconcia, G., Acerbi, F., Agnes, P., Agostino, L., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A., Ampudia, P., Ardito, R., Arisaka, K., Arnquist, I. J., Asner, D. M., Back, H. O., Baldin, B., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bisogni, M. G., Bocci, V., Bondar, A., Bonfini, G., Bonivento, W., Bossa, M., Brigatti, A., Brodsky, J., Budano, F., Bunker, R., Bussino, S., Buttafava, M., Buzulutskov, A., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calandri, N., Calaprice, F., Calvo, J., Campajola, Luigi, Canci, N., Candela, A., Cantini, C., Cao, H., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Carpinelli, M., Castellani, A., Catalanotti, Sergio, Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., Cicalo, C., Citterio, M., Cocco, ALFREDO GIUSEPPE, Corgiolu, S., Covone, Giovanni, Crivelli, P., D'Angelo, D., D'Incecco, M., Daniel, M., Davini, S., De Cecco, S., De Deo, M., De Guido, G., De Vincenzi, M., Demontis, P., Derbin, A., Devoto, A., Di Eusanio, F., Di Pietro, G., Dionisi, C., Dolgov, A., Dromia, I., Dussoni, S., Edkins, E., Empl, A., Fan, A., Ferri, A., Filip, C. O., Fiorillo, Giuliana, Fomenko, K., Forster, G., Franco, D., Froudakis, G. E., Gabriele, F., Gabrieli, A., Galbiati, C., Gendotti, A., Ghioni, M., Ghisi, A., Giagu, S., Gibertoni, G., Giganti, C., Giorgi, M., Giovannetti, G. K., Gligan, M. L., Gola, A., Goretti, A., Granato, F., Grassi, M., Grate, J. W., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guardincerri, Y., Gulinatti, A., Haaland, R. K., Hackett, B., Harrop, B., Herner, K., Hoppe, E. W., Horikawa, S., Hungerford, E., Ianni, A. l., Ianni, A. n., Ivashchuk, O., James, I., Johnson, T. N., Jollet, C., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C., Kobychev, V., Koh, G., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M. W., Lissia, M., Li, X., Lodi, G. U., Lombardi, P., Longo, Giuseppe, Loverre, P., Luitz, S., Lussana, R., Luzzi, L., Ma, Y., Machado, A. A., Machulin, I., Mais, L., Mandarano, A., Mapelli, L., Marcante, M., Mari, S., Mariani, M., Maricic, J., Marinelli, M., Marini, L., Martoff, C. J., Mascia, M., Meregaglia, A., Meyers, P. D., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Miller, J. D., Moioli, S., Monasterio, S., Montanari, D., Monte, A., Montuschi, M., Monzani, M. E., Morrocchi, M., Mosteiro, P., Mount, B., Mu, W., Muratova, V. N., Murphy, S., Musico, P., Napolitano, J., Nelson, A., Nosov, V., Nurakhov, N. N., Odrowski, S., Oleinik, A., Orsini, M., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Palmas, S., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Parmeggiano, S., Paternoster, G., Pazzona, F., Pelczar, K., Pellegrini, L. A., Pelliccia, N., Perasso, S., Peronio, P., Perotti, F., Perruzza, R., Piemonte, C., Pilo, F., Pocar, A., Pordes, S., Pugachev, D., Qian, H., Radics, B., Randle, K., Ranucci, G., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Rech, I., Regazzoni, V., Regenfus, C., Reinhold, B., Renshaw, A., Rescigno, M., Ricotti, M., Riffard, Q., Rizzardini, S., Romani, A., Romero, L., Rossi, B., Rossi, N., Rountree, D., Rubbia, A., Ruggeri, A., Sablone, D., Saggese, P., Salatino, Piero, Salemme, Lucia, Sands, W., Sangiorgio, S., Sant, M., Santorelli, R., Sanzaro, M., Savarese, C., Sechi, E., Segreto, E., Semenov, D., Shchagin, A., Shekhtman, L., Shemyakina, E., Shields, E., Simeone, Marino, Singh, P. N., Skorokhvatov, M., Smallcomb, M., Smirnov, O., Sokolov, A., Sotnikov, A., Stanford, C., Suffritti, G. B., Suvorov, Y., Tamborini, D., Tartaglia, R., Tatarowicz, J., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Tosi, A., Trinchese, P., Unzhakov, E., Vacca, A., Verducci, M., Viant, T., Villa, F., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, B., Wada, M., Walker, Susan Elizabeth, Wang, H., Wang, Y., Watson, A., Westerdale, S., Wilhelmi, J., Wojcik, M., Wu, S., Xiang, X., Xu, J., Yang, C., Yoo, J., Zappa, F., Zappala, G., Zavatarelli, S., Zec, A., Zhong, W., Zhu, C., Zullo, A., Zullo, M., Zuzel, G., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DarkSide, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Budano, Federico, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Campajola, L., Catalanotti, S., Cicalò, C., Cocco, A. G., Covone, G., DE VINCENZI, Mario, Fiorillo, G., James, Irina, Longo, G., Mari, Stefano Maria, Salatino, P., Salemme, L., Simeone, M., Walker, S., Zappalà, G., Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, background, scintillation counter: liquid, DarkSide, Astronomy and Astrophysics, WIMP: detector, dark matter: direct detection, Astronomy and Astrophysic, time projection chamber: liquid argon, dark matter, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), deep underground detector, Gran Sasso, cryogenics, radioactivity, atmosphere, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Cherenkov, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], experimental results
Abstract

International audience; DarkSide is a dark matter direct search experiment at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS). DarkSide is based on the detection of rare nuclear recoils possibly induced by hypothetical dark matter particles, which are supposed to be neutral, massive (m > 10 GeV) and weakly interactive (WIMP). The dark matter detector is a two-phase time projection chamber (TPC) filled with ultra-pure liquid argon. The TPC is placed inside a muon and a neutron active vetoes to suppress the background. Using argon as active target has many advantages, the key features are the strong discriminant power between nuclear and electron recoils, the spatial reconstruction and easy scalability to multi-tons size. At the moment DarkSide-50 is filled with ultra-pure argon, extracted from underground sources, and from April 2015 it is taking data in its final configuration. When combined with the preceding search with an atmospheric argon target, it is possible to set a 90% CL upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section of 2.0×10−44 cm2 for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c2. The next phase of the experiment, DarkSide-20k, will be the construction of a new detector with an active mass of ∼ 20 tons.

Published
2017
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13. The DarkSide experiment

Author

Bottino, B, Aalseth, C, Acconcia, G, Acerbi, F, Agnes, P, Agostino, L, Albuquerque, I, Alexander, T, Alton, A, Ampudia, P, Ardito, R, Arisaka, K, Arnquist, I, Asner, D, Back, H, Baldin, B, Batignani, G, Biery, K, Bisogni, M, Bocci, V, Bondar, A, Bonfini, G, Bonivento, W, Bossa, M, Brigatti, A, Brodsky, J, Budano, F, Bunker, R, Bussino, S, Buttafava, M, Buzulutskov, A, Cadeddu, M, Cadoni, M, Calandri, N, Calaprice, F, Calvo, J, Campajola, L, Canci, N, Candela, A, Cantini, C, Cao, H, Caravati, M, Cariello, M, Carlini, M, Carpinelli, M, Castellani, A, Catalanotti, S, Cavalcante, P, Chepurnov, A, Cicalò, C, Citterio, M, Cocco, A, Corgiolu, S, Covone, G, Crivelli, P, D'Angelo, D, D'Incecco, M, Daniel, M, Davini, S, De Cecco, S, De Deo, M, De Guido, G, De Vincenzi, M, Demontis, P, Derbin, A, Devoto, A, Di Eusanio, F, Di Pietro, G, Dionisi, C, Dolgov, A, Dromia, I, Dussoni, S, Edkins, E, Empl, A, Fan, A, Ferri, A, Filip, C, Fiorillo, G, Fomenko, K, Forster, G, Franco, D, Froudakis, G, Gabriele, F, Gabrieli, A, Galbiati, C, Gendotti, A, Ghioni, M, Ghisi, A, Giagu, S, Gibertoni, G, Giganti, C, Giorgi, M, Giovannetti, G, Gligan, M, Gola, A, Goretti, A, Granato, F, Grassi, M, Grate, J, Gromov, M, Guan, M, Guardincerri, Y, Gulinatti, A, Haaland, R, Hackett, B, Harrop, B, Herner, K, Hoppe, E, Horikawa, S, Hungerford, E, Ianni, A, Ivashchuk, O, James, I, Johnson, T, Jollet, C, Keeter, K, Kendziora, C, Kobychev, V, Koh, G, Korablev, D, Korga, G, Kubankin, A, Kuss, M, Lissia, M, Li, X, Lodi, G, Lombardi, P, Longo, G, Loverre, P, Luitz, S, Lussana, R, Luzzi, L, Ma, Y, Machado, A, Machulin, I, Mais, L, Mandarano, A, Mapelli, L, Marcante, M, Mari, S, Mariani, M, Maricic, J, Marinelli, M, Marini, L, Martoff, C, Mascia, M, Meregaglia, A, Meyers, P, Miletic, T, Milincic, R, Miller, J, Moioli, S, Monasterio, S, Montanari, D, Monte, A, Montuschi, M, Monzani, M, Morrocchi, M, Mosteiro, P, Mount, B, Mu, W, Muratova, V, Murphy, S, Musico, P, Napolitano, J, Nelson, A, Nosov, V, Nurakhov, N, Odrowski, S, Oleinik, A, Orsini, M, Ortica, F, Pagani, L, Pallavicini, M, Palmas, S, Pantic, E, Paoloni, E, Parmeggiano, S, Paternoster, G, Pazzona, F, Pelczar, K, Pellegrini, L, Pelliccia, N, Perasso, S, Peronio, P, Perotti, F, Perruzza, R, Piemonte, C, Pilo, F, Pocar, A, Pordes, S, Pugachev, D, Qian, H, Radics, B, Randle, K, Ranucci, G, Razeti, M, Razeto, A, Rech, I, Regazzoni, V, Regenfus, C, Reinhold, B, Renshaw, A, Rescigno, M, Ricotti, M, Riffard, Q, Rizzardini, S, Romani, A, Romero, L, Rossi, B, Rossi, N, Rountree, D, Rubbia, A, Ruggeri, A, Sablone, D, Saggese, P, Salatino, P, Salemme, L, Sands, W, Sangiorgio, S, Sant, M, Santorelli, R, Sanzaro, M, Savarese, C, Sechi, E, Segreto, E, Semenov, D, Shchagin, A, Shekhtman, L, Shemyakina, E, Shields, E, Simeone, M, Singh, P, Skorokhvatov, M, Smallcomb, M, Smirnov, O, Sokolov, A, Sotnikov, A, Stanford, C, Suffritti, G, Suvorov, Y, Tamborini, D, Tartaglia, R, Tatarowicz, J, Testera, G, Tonazzo, A, Tosi, A, Trinchese, P, Unzhakov, E, Vacca, A, Verducci, M, Viant, T, Villa, F, Vishneva, A, Vogelaar, B, Wada, M, Walker, S, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Watson, A, Westerdale, S, Wilhelmi, J, Wojcik, M, Wu, S, Xiang, X, Xu, J, Yang, C, Yoo, J, Zappa, F, Zappalà, G, Zavatarelli, S, Zec, A, Zhong, W, Zhu, C, Zullo, A, Zullo, M, Zuzel, G, Bottino, B., Aalseth, C. E., Acconcia, G., Acerbi, F., Agnes, P., Agostino, L., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A., Ampudia, P., Ardito, R., Arisaka, K., Arnquist, I. J., Asner, D. M., Back, H. O., Baldin, B., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bisogni, M. G., Bocci, V., Bondar, A., Bonfini, G., Bonivento, W., Bossa, M., Brigatti, A., Brodsky, J., Budano, F., Bunker, R., Bussino, S., Buttafava, M., Buzulutskov, A., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calandri, N., Calaprice, F., Calvo, J., Campajola, L., Canci, N., Candela, A., Cantini, C., Cao, H., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Carpinelli, M., Castellani, A., Catalanotti, S., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Citterio, M., Cocco, A. G., Corgiolu, S., Covone, G., Crivelli, P., D'Angelo, D., D'Incecco, M., Daniel, M., Davini, S., De Cecco, S., De Deo, M., De Guido, G., De Vincenzi, M., Demontis, P., Derbin, A., Devoto, A., Di Eusanio, F., Di Pietro, G., Dionisi, C., Dolgov, A., Dromia, I., Dussoni, S., Edkins, E., Empl, A., Fan, A., Ferri, A., Filip, C. O., Fiorillo, G., Fomenko, K., Forster, G., Franco, D., Froudakis, G. E., Gabriele, F., Gabrieli, A., Galbiati, C., Gendotti, A., Ghioni, M., Ghisi, A., Giagu, S., Gibertoni, G., Giganti, C., Giorgi, M., Giovannetti, G. K., Gligan, M. L., Gola, A., Goretti, A., Granato, F., Grassi, M., Grate, J. W., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guardincerri, Y., Gulinatti, A., Haaland, R. K., Hackett, B., Harrop, B., Herner, K., Hoppe, E. W., Horikawa, S., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Al., Ianni, An., Ivashchuk, O., James, I., Johnson, T. N., Jollet, C., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C., Kobychev, V., Koh, G., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M. W., Lissia, M., Li, X., Lodi, G. U., Lombardi, P., Longo, G., Loverre, P., Luitz, S., Lussana, R., Luzzi, L., Ma, Y., Machado, A. A., Machulin, I., Mais, L., Mandarano, A., Mapelli, L., Marcante, M., Mari, S., Mariani, M., Maricic, J., Marinelli, M., Marini, L., Martoff, C. J., Mascia, M., Meregaglia, A., Meyers, P. D., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Miller, J. D., Moioli, S., Monasterio, S., Montanari, D., Monte, A., Montuschi, M., Monzani, M. E., Morrocchi, M., Mosteiro, P., Mount, B., Mu, W., Muratova, V. N., Murphy, S., Musico, P., Napolitano, J., Nelson, A., Nosov, V., Nurakhov, N. N., Odrowski, S., Oleinik, A., Orsini, M., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Palmas, S., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Parmeggiano, S., Paternoster, G., Pazzona, F., Pelczar, K., Pellegrini, L. A., Pelliccia, N., Perasso, S., Peronio, P., Perotti, F., Perruzza, R., Piemonte, C., Pilo, F., Pocar, A., Pordes, S., Pugachev, D., Qian, H., Radics, B., Randle, K., Ranucci, G., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Rech, I., Regazzoni, V., Regenfus, C., Reinhold, B., Renshaw, A., Rescigno, M., Ricotti, M., Riffard, Q., Rizzardini, S., Romani, A., Romero, L., Rossi, B., Rossi, N., Rountree, D., Rubbia, A., Ruggeri, A., Sablone, D., Saggese, P., Salatino, P., Salemme, L., Sands, W., Sangiorgio, S., Sant, M., Santorelli, R., Sanzaro, M., Savarese, C., Sechi, E., Segreto, E., Semenov, D., Shchagin, A., Shekhtman, L., Shemyakina, E., Shields, E., Simeone, M., Singh, P. N., Skorokhvatov, M., Smallcomb, M., Smirnov, O., Sokolov, A., Sotnikov, A., Stanford, C., Suffritti, G. B., Suvorov, Y., Tamborini, D., Tartaglia, R., Tatarowicz, J., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Tosi, A., Trinchese, P., Unzhakov, E., Vacca, A., Verducci, M., Viant, T., Villa, F., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, B., Wada, M., Walker, S., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Watson, A., Westerdale, S., Wilhelmi, J., Wojcik, M., Wu, S., Xiang, X., Xu, J., Yang, C., Yoo, J., Zappa, F., Zappalà, G., Zavatarelli, S., Zec, A., Zhong, W., Zhu, C., Zullo, A., Zullo, M., Zuzel, G., Bottino, B, Aalseth, C, Acconcia, G, Acerbi, F, Agnes, P, Agostino, L, Albuquerque, I, Alexander, T, Alton, A, Ampudia, P, Ardito, R, Arisaka, K, Arnquist, I, Asner, D, Back, H, Baldin, B, Batignani, G, Biery, K, Bisogni, M, Bocci, V, Bondar, A, Bonfini, G, Bonivento, W, Bossa, M, Brigatti, A, Brodsky, J, Budano, F, Bunker, R, Bussino, S, Buttafava, M, Buzulutskov, A, Cadeddu, M, Cadoni, M, Calandri, N, Calaprice, F, Calvo, J, Campajola, L, Canci, N, Candela, A, Cantini, C, Cao, H, Caravati, M, Cariello, M, Carlini, M, Carpinelli, M, Castellani, A, Catalanotti, S, Cavalcante, P, Chepurnov, A, Cicalò, C, Citterio, M, Cocco, A, Corgiolu, S, Covone, G, Crivelli, P, D'Angelo, D, D'Incecco, M, Daniel, M, Davini, S, De Cecco, S, De Deo, M, De Guido, G, De Vincenzi, M, Demontis, P, Derbin, A, Devoto, A, Di Eusanio, F, Di Pietro, G, Dionisi, C, Dolgov, A, Dromia, I, Dussoni, S, Edkins, E, Empl, A, Fan, A, Ferri, A, Filip, C, Fiorillo, G, Fomenko, K, Forster, G, Franco, D, Froudakis, G, Gabriele, F, Gabrieli, A, Galbiati, C, Gendotti, A, Ghioni, M, Ghisi, A, Giagu, S, Gibertoni, G, Giganti, C, Giorgi, M, Giovannetti, G, Gligan, M, Gola, A, Goretti, A, Granato, F, Grassi, M, Grate, J, Gromov, M, Guan, M, Guardincerri, Y, Gulinatti, A, Haaland, R, Hackett, B, Harrop, B, Herner, K, Hoppe, E, Horikawa, S, Hungerford, E, Ianni, A, Ivashchuk, O, James, I, Johnson, T, Jollet, C, Keeter, K, Kendziora, C, Kobychev, V, Koh, G, Korablev, D, Korga, G, Kubankin, A, Kuss, M, Lissia, M, Li, X, Lodi, G, Lombardi, P, Longo, G, Loverre, P, Luitz, S, Lussana, R, Luzzi, L, Ma, Y, Machado, A, Machulin, I, Mais, L, Mandarano, A, Mapelli, L, Marcante, M, Mari, S, Mariani, M, Maricic, J, Marinelli, M, Marini, L, Martoff, C, Mascia, M, Meregaglia, A, Meyers, P, Miletic, T, Milincic, R, Miller, J, Moioli, S, Monasterio, S, Montanari, D, Monte, A, Montuschi, M, Monzani, M, Morrocchi, M, Mosteiro, P, Mount, B, Mu, W, Muratova, V, Murphy, S, Musico, P, Napolitano, J, Nelson, A, Nosov, V, Nurakhov, N, Odrowski, S, Oleinik, A, Orsini, M, Ortica, F, Pagani, L, Pallavicini, M, Palmas, S, Pantic, E, Paoloni, E, Parmeggiano, S, Paternoster, G, Pazzona, F, Pelczar, K, Pellegrini, L, Pelliccia, N, Perasso, S, Peronio, P, Perotti, F, Perruzza, R, Piemonte, C, Pilo, F, Pocar, A, Pordes, S, Pugachev, D, Qian, H, Radics, B, Randle, K, Ranucci, G, Razeti, M, Razeto, A, Rech, I, Regazzoni, V, Regenfus, C, Reinhold, B, Renshaw, A, Rescigno, M, Ricotti, M, Riffard, Q, Rizzardini, S, Romani, A, Romero, L, Rossi, B, Rossi, N, Rountree, D, Rubbia, A, Ruggeri, A, Sablone, D, Saggese, P, Salatino, P, Salemme, L, Sands, W, Sangiorgio, S, Sant, M, Santorelli, R, Sanzaro, M, Savarese, C, Sechi, E, Segreto, E, Semenov, D, Shchagin, A, Shekhtman, L, Shemyakina, E, Shields, E, Simeone, M, Singh, P, Skorokhvatov, M, Smallcomb, M, Smirnov, O, Sokolov, A, Sotnikov, A, Stanford, C, Suffritti, G, Suvorov, Y, Tamborini, D, Tartaglia, R, Tatarowicz, J, Testera, G, Tonazzo, A, Tosi, A, Trinchese, P, Unzhakov, E, Vacca, A, Verducci, M, Viant, T, Villa, F, Vishneva, A, Vogelaar, B, Wada, M, Walker, S, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Watson, A, Westerdale, S, Wilhelmi, J, Wojcik, M, Wu, S, Xiang, X, Xu, J, Yang, C, Yoo, J, Zappa, F, Zappalà, G, Zavatarelli, S, Zec, A, Zhong, W, Zhu, C, Zullo, A, Zullo, M, Zuzel, G, Bottino, B., Aalseth, C. E., Acconcia, G., Acerbi, F., Agnes, P., Agostino, L., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A., Ampudia, P., Ardito, R., Arisaka, K., Arnquist, I. J., Asner, D. M., Back, H. O., Baldin, B., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bisogni, M. G., Bocci, V., Bondar, A., Bonfini, G., Bonivento, W., Bossa, M., Brigatti, A., Brodsky, J., Budano, F., Bunker, R., Bussino, S., Buttafava, M., Buzulutskov, A., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calandri, N., Calaprice, F., Calvo, J., Campajola, L., Canci, N., Candela, A., Cantini, C., Cao, H., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Carpinelli, M., Castellani, A., Catalanotti, S., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Citterio, M., Cocco, A. G., Corgiolu, S., Covone, G., Crivelli, P., D'Angelo, D., D'Incecco, M., Daniel, M., Davini, S., De Cecco, S., De Deo, M., De Guido, G., De Vincenzi, M., Demontis, P., Derbin, A., Devoto, A., Di Eusanio, F., Di Pietro, G., Dionisi, C., Dolgov, A., Dromia, I., Dussoni, S., Edkins, E., Empl, A., Fan, A., Ferri, A., Filip, C. O., Fiorillo, G., Fomenko, K., Forster, G., Franco, D., Froudakis, G. E., Gabriele, F., Gabrieli, A., Galbiati, C., Gendotti, A., Ghioni, M., Ghisi, A., Giagu, S., Gibertoni, G., Giganti, C., Giorgi, M., Giovannetti, G. K., Gligan, M. L., Gola, A., Goretti, A., Granato, F., Grassi, M., Grate, J. W., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guardincerri, Y., Gulinatti, A., Haaland, R. K., Hackett, B., Harrop, B., Herner, K., Hoppe, E. W., Horikawa, S., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Al., Ianni, An., Ivashchuk, O., James, I., Johnson, T. N., Jollet, C., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C., Kobychev, V., Koh, G., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M. W., Lissia, M., Li, X., Lodi, G. U., Lombardi, P., Longo, G., Loverre, P., Luitz, S., Lussana, R., Luzzi, L., Ma, Y., Machado, A. A., Machulin, I., Mais, L., Mandarano, A., Mapelli, L., Marcante, M., Mari, S., Mariani, M., Maricic, J., Marinelli, M., Marini, L., Martoff, C. J., Mascia, M., Meregaglia, A., Meyers, P. D., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Miller, J. D., Moioli, S., Monasterio, S., Montanari, D., Monte, A., Montuschi, M., Monzani, M. E., Morrocchi, M., Mosteiro, P., Mount, B., Mu, W., Muratova, V. N., Murphy, S., Musico, P., Napolitano, J., Nelson, A., Nosov, V., Nurakhov, N. N., Odrowski, S., Oleinik, A., Orsini, M., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Palmas, S., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Parmeggiano, S., Paternoster, G., Pazzona, F., Pelczar, K., Pellegrini, L. A., Pelliccia, N., Perasso, S., Peronio, P., Perotti, F., Perruzza, R., Piemonte, C., Pilo, F., Pocar, A., Pordes, S., Pugachev, D., Qian, H., Radics, B., Randle, K., Ranucci, G., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Rech, I., Regazzoni, V., Regenfus, C., Reinhold, B., Renshaw, A., Rescigno, M., Ricotti, M., Riffard, Q., Rizzardini, S., Romani, A., Romero, L., Rossi, B., Rossi, N., Rountree, D., Rubbia, A., Ruggeri, A., Sablone, D., Saggese, P., Salatino, P., Salemme, L., Sands, W., Sangiorgio, S., Sant, M., Santorelli, R., Sanzaro, M., Savarese, C., Sechi, E., Segreto, E., Semenov, D., Shchagin, A., Shekhtman, L., Shemyakina, E., Shields, E., Simeone, M., Singh, P. N., Skorokhvatov, M., Smallcomb, M., Smirnov, O., Sokolov, A., Sotnikov, A., Stanford, C., Suffritti, G. B., Suvorov, Y., Tamborini, D., Tartaglia, R., Tatarowicz, J., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Tosi, A., Trinchese, P., Unzhakov, E., Vacca, A., Verducci, M., Viant, T., Villa, F., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, B., Wada, M., Walker, S., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Watson, A., Westerdale, S., Wilhelmi, J., Wojcik, M., Wu, S., Xiang, X., Xu, J., Yang, C., Yoo, J., Zappa, F., Zappalà, G., Zavatarelli, S., Zec, A., Zhong, W., Zhu, C., Zullo, A., Zullo, M., and Zuzel, G.

Abstract

DarkSide is a dark matter direct search experiment at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS). DarkSide is based on the detection of rare nuclear recoils possibly induced by hypothetical dark matter particles, which are supposed to be neutral, massive (m > 10 GeV) and weakly interactive (WIMP). The dark matter detector is a two-phase time projection chamber (TPC) filled with ultra-pure liquid argon. The TPC is placed inside a muon and a neutron active vetoes to suppress the background. Using argon as active target has many advantages, the key features are the strong discriminant power between nuclear and electron recoils, the spatial reconstruction and easy scalability to multi-tons size. At the moment DarkSide-50 is filled with ultra-pure argon, extracted from underground sources, and from April 2015 it is taking data in its final configuration. When combined with the preceding search with an atmospheric argon target, it is possible to set a 90% CL upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section of 2.0×10 -44 cm2 for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c2. The next phase of the experiment, DarkSide-20k, will be the construction of a new detector with an active mass of ∼ 20 tons.

Published
2017

14. Avalanche photodiodes and quenching circuits for single-photon detection

Author

Cova, S., Ghioni, M., Lacaita, A., Samori, C., and Zappa, F.

Subjects
Photon detectors -- Evaluation, Photodetectors -- Evaluation, Photons -- Measurement, Astronomy, Physics
Abstract

Avalanche photodiodes, which operate above the breakdown voltage in Geiger mode connected with avalanche-quenching circuits, can be used to detect single photons and are therefore called single-photon avalanche diodes SPAD's. Circuit configurations suitable for this operation mode are critically analyzed and their relative merits in photon counting and timing applications are assessed. Simple passive-quenching circuits (PQC's), which are useful for SPAD device testing and selection, have fairly limited application. Suitably designed active-quenching circuits (AQC's) make it possible to exploit the best performance of SPAD's. Thick silicon SPAD's that operate at high voltages (250-450 V) have photon detection efficiency higher than 50% from 540- to 850-nm wavelength and still [approximately]3% at 1064 nm. Thin silicon SPAD's that operate at low voltages (10-50 V) have 45% efficiency at 500 nm, declining to 10% at 830 nm and to as little as 0.1% at 1064 nm. The time resolution achieved in photon timing is 20 ps FWHM with thin SPAD's; it ranges from 350 to 150 ps FWHM with thick SPAD's. The achieved minimum counting dead time and maximum counting rate are 40 ns and 10 Mcps with thick silicon SPAD's, 10 ns and 40 Mcps with thin SPAD's. Germanium and III-V compound semiconductor SPAD's extend the range of photon-counting techniques in the near-infrared region to at least 1600-nm wavelength. Key words: Photon counting, photon timing, avalanche photodiodes, quenching circuits.

Published
1996

16. Clinical and ultrasound characteristics of the microcystic elongated and fragmented (MELF) pattern in endometrial cancer according to the International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA) criteria

Author

Eriksson, L, Nastic, D, Frühauf, F, Fischerova, D, Nemejcova, K, Bono, F, Franchi, D, Fruscio, R, Ghioni, M, Haak, L, Hejda, V, Meskauskas, R, Opolskiene, G, Pascual, M, Testa, A, Tresserra, F, Zannoni, G, Carlson, J, Epstein, E, Eriksson, Linda S E, Nastic, Denis, Frühauf, Filip, Fischerova, Daniela, Nemejcova, Kristyna, Bono, Francesca, Franchi, Dorella, Fruscio, Robert, Ghioni, Mariacristina, Haak, Lucia A., Hejda, Vaclav, Meskauskas, Raimundas, Opolskiene, Gina, Pascual, M Angela, Testa, Antonia, Tresserra, Francisco, Zannoni, Gian Franco, Carlson, Joseph W., Epstein, Elisabeth, Eriksson, L, Nastic, D, Frühauf, F, Fischerova, D, Nemejcova, K, Bono, F, Franchi, D, Fruscio, R, Ghioni, M, Haak, L, Hejda, V, Meskauskas, R, Opolskiene, G, Pascual, M, Testa, A, Tresserra, F, Zannoni, G, Carlson, J, Epstein, E, Eriksson, Linda S E, Nastic, Denis, Frühauf, Filip, Fischerova, Daniela, Nemejcova, Kristyna, Bono, Francesca, Franchi, Dorella, Fruscio, Robert, Ghioni, Mariacristina, Haak, Lucia A., Hejda, Vaclav, Meskauskas, Raimundas, Opolskiene, Gina, Pascual, M Angela, Testa, Antonia, Tresserra, Francisco, Zannoni, Gian Franco, Carlson, Joseph W., and Epstein, Elisabeth

Abstract

Objectives To describe sonographic features of the microcystic elongated and fragmented (MELF) pattern of myometrial invasion (MI) using the International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA) criteria; to assess the effect of the MELF pattern on preoperative ultrasound evaluation of MI; and to determine the relationship of the MELF pattern to more advanced stage (≥ IB) and lymph node metastases in women with endometrioid endometrial cancer. Methods/materials We included 850 women with endometrioid endometrial cancer from the prospective IETA study. Ultrasound experts performed all ultrasound examinations, according to the IETA protocol. Reference pathologists assessed the presence or absence of the MELF pattern. Sonographic features and accuracy of ultrasound assessment of MI were compared in cases with the presence and the absence of the MELF pattern. The MELF pattern was correlated to more advanced stage (≥IB) and lymph node metastases. Results The MELF pattern was present in 197 (23.2%) women. On preoperative ultrasound imaging the endometrium was thicker (p = 0.031), more richly vascularized (p = 0.003) with the multiple multifocal vessel pattern (p < 0.001) and the assessment of adenomyosis was more often uncertain (p < 0.001). The presence or the absence of the MELF pattern did not affect the accuracy of the assessment of MI. The MELF pattern was associated with MI ≥ 50% (p < 0.001), cervical stromal invasion (p = 0.037), more advanced stage (≥ IB) (p < 0.001) and lymph node metastases (p = 0.011). Conclusions Tumors with the MELF pattern were slightly larger, more richly vascularized with multiple multifocal vessels and assessment of adenomyosis was more uncertain on ultrasound imaging. The MELF pattern did not increase the risk of underestimating MI in preoperative ultrasound staging. Tumors with the MELF pattern were more than twice as likely to have more advanced stage (≥ IB) and lymph node metastases.

Published
2019

17. All-silicon avalanche photodiode sensitive at 1.3 micrometer with picosecoond time resolution

Author

Ghioni,M., Lacaita, A., Ripamonti, G., and Cova, S.

Subjects
Diodes, Laser -- Research, Photodetectors -- Research, Business, Computers, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The feasibiltiy of using compounds avalanche photodiodes (APD) for measuring the pulse waveform of long-wavelength laser diodes is studied through experimental procedures. A gain-switched laser diode emitting at 1.3 micrometer is treated with a high concentration of dopants to reduce the structure's bandgap. The measurements are obtained by means of an ultrafast III-IV photodiode. Results show that APDscan be used for measuring the pulse shape of laser diodes under various light intensity.

Published
1992

20. OC08.08: Clinical and ultrasound characteristics of the microcystic elongated and fragmented (MELF) pattern in endometrial cancer according to the International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA) criteria

Author

Eriksson, L., primary, Nastic, D., additional, Fruhauf, F., additional, Fischerová, D., additional, Nemejcova, K., additional, Bono, F., additional, Franchi, D., additional, Fruscio, R., additional, Ghioni, M., additional, Haak, L.A., additional, Hejda, V., additional, Meskauskas, R., additional, Opolskiene, G., additional, Pascual, M., additional, Tresserra, F., additional, Testa, A.C., additional, Zannoni, G., additional, Carlson, J., additional, and Epstein, E., additional

Published
2018
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24. Cancer-testis antigen expression in triple-negative breast cancer

Author

Curigliano, G., Viale, G., Ghioni, M., Jungbluth, A. A., Bagnardi, V., Spagnoli, G. C., Neville, A.M., Nolè, F., Rotmensz, N., Goldhirsch, A., Curigliano, G., Viale, G., Ghioni, M., Jungbluth, A. A., Bagnardi, V., Spagnoli, G. C., Neville, A.M., Nolè, F., Rotmensz, N., and Goldhirsch, A.

Abstract

Background: Cancer-testis (CT) antigens, frequently expressed in human germline cells but not in somatic tissues, may become aberrantly reexpressed in different cancer types. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of CT antigens in breast cancer. Patients and methods: A total of 100 selected invasive breast cancers, including 50 estrogen receptor (ER) positive/HER2 negative and 50 triple negative (TN), were examined for NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A expression by immunohistochemistry. Results: A significantly higher expression of MAGE-A and NY-ESO-1 was detected in TN breast cancers compared with ER-positive tumors (P = 0.04). MAGE-A expression was detected in 13 (26%) TN cancers compared with 5 (10%) ER-positive tumors (P = 0.07). NY-ESO-1 expression was confirmed in nine (18%) TN tumor samples compared with two (4%) ER-positive tumors. Conclusions: MAGE-A and NY-ESO-1 CT antigens are expressed in a substantial proportion of TN breast cancers. Because of the limited therapeutic options for this group of patients, CT antigen-based vaccines might prove to be useful for patients with this phenotype of breast cancer

Published
2017

43. Proton Radiation Tests of Single Photon Avalanche Diode for Space Applications

Author

Moscatelli F, Marisaldi M, Maccagnani P, Labanti C, Fuschino F, Prest M, Berra A, Bolognini D, Ghioni M, Rech I, Gulinatti A, Giudice A, Simmerle G, Candelori A, Mattiazzo S, and Rubini D

Abstract

We study the possibility to use Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD) as photodetectors for applications in space missions. SPADs are silicon devices operated above the junction breakdown voltage (with the typical overvoltage of 5V), for which a single photon interacting in the active region is sufficient to trigger a self-sustainable avalanche discharge. SPADs can thus be used for the detection of very low light levels with a fast time response around 50ps FWHM for single photon detection, without spectroscopic capabilities. Large area SPAD (500 µm in diameter) have been designed and fabricated at the CNR-IMM facility, with an intrinsic noise lower than 10kHz at -15°C, before irradiation. We performed bulk damage radiation tests with protons in order to evaluate their radiation hardness properties and their suitability for application in a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) space mission. With this aim SPAD devices have been irradiated up to 3×109 (28.5 MeV) p/cm2. The test performed show that large area SPAD are very sensitive to proton doses as low as 1×108 p/cm2 with a significant increase in dark counts rate as well as in the manifestation of the "random telegraph signal" effect. Lower protons doses in the range 1-5×107 p/cm2 result in a lower increase of DCR suggesting that applicability in low-inclination LEO, particularly useful for gamma-ray astrophysics, is still feasible.

Published
2013

48. Single Photon Avalanche Diodes for Space Applications

Author

Moscatelli F, Marisaldi M, Maccagnani P, Labanti C, Fuschino F, Prest M, Berra A, Bolognini D, Ghioni M, Rech I, Gulinatti A, Giudice A, Simmerle G, Candelori A, Mattiazzo S, Sun XL, Cavanaugh JF, and Rubini D

Subjects
radiation, Scintillating fiber, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Single photon avalanche diode, Gamma ray detector
Abstract

We study the possibility to use Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) optically coupled to scintillating fibers as a novel type of gamma-ray detector for space applications. SPADs are silicon devices operating under polarization conditions above the junction breakdown voltage (typical overvoltage of 5V), for which a single photon interacting in the active region is sufficient to trigger a self sustainable avalanche discharge. SPADs can thus be used for the detection of very low light levels with an absolute timing accuracy of about 30 ps for single photon detection, without spectroscopic capabilities. In this presentation we report the preliminary results on large area SPAD (actual results refers to SPADs having 200 ?m diameter, with the aim to grow up to 500 ?m SPADs) coupled to scintillating fibers as the basic module for a particle tracker for space application. Dark counts rate as low as few tens of kHz at room temperature, lowering down to few kHz at -10°C have been obtained for the 200 ?m devices, in accordance with the basic requirements for the proposed application. Similar instruments based on silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) readout have already been studied, but none based on SPAD has been realized up to now. Moreover, since very few information is available on SPADs for the use in a space environment, we performed bulk damage and total dose radiation tests with protons and gamma-rays in order to evaluate their radiation hardness properties and their suitability for application in a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) space mission. With this aim the SPAD devices have be irradiated using up to 20 krad total dose with gamma-rays and 5 krad with protons

Published
2012
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