Search

Este artículo presenta, desde una perspectiva histórica y lógico-filosófica, los argumentos gödelianos de dos investigadores oxonienses, John Lucas y Roger Penrose. Ambos se han basado en el Teorema de Gödel para refutar el mecanicismo, el computacionalismo y la posibilidad de crear una IA capaz de simular o duplicar la mente humana. En las conclusiones, se menciona la creciente aplicación de métodos empíricos en las matemáticas y se especula con una posible vía que daría apoyo a los argumentos de Lucas y Penrose.

Este artículo ofrece una amplia panorámica de la Filosofía de la Educación como disciplina académica. Se narran los antecedentes desde la «paideia» de la Antigua Grecia hasta las filosofías analíticas y continentales de la educación que rigen en la actualidad. Después, se explican las similitudes, las diferencias y el tipo de relación que hay entre la Filosofía de la Educación, la Teoría Educativa y la Práctica Educativa. Y finaliza ofreciendo una definición que intenta abarcar los diversos enfoques y métodos que caracterizan la Filosofía de la Educación.

Saharan dust outbreaks have profound effects on ecosystems, climate, human health, and the cryosphere in Europe. However, the spatial deposition pattern of Saharan dust is poorly known due to a sparse network of ground measurements. Following the extreme dust deposition event of February 2021 across Europe, a citizen science campaign was launched to sample dust on snow over the Pyrenees and the European Alps. This somewhat improvised campaign triggered wide interest since 152 samples were collected from the snow in the Pyrenees, the French Alps, and the Swiss Alps in less than 4 weeks. Among the 152 samples, 113 in total could be analysed, corresponding to 70 different locations. The analysis of the samples showed a large variability in the dust properties and amount. We found a decrease in the deposited mass and particle sizes with distance from the source along the transport path. This spatial trend was also evident in the elemental composition of the dust as the iron mass fraction decreased from 11 % in the Pyrenees to 2 % in the Swiss Alps. At the local scale, we found a higher dust mass on south-facing slopes, in agreement with estimates from high-resolution remote sensing data. This unique dataset, which resulted from the collaboration of several research laboratories and citizens, is provided as an open dataset to benefit a large community and to enable further scientific investigations. Data presented in this study are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7969515 (Dumont et al., 2022a).

Este artículo sostiene que la retroalimentación por pares con criterios de evaluación claramente definidos por el profesor es más efectiva que el modelo tradicional. Esta evaluación va más allá del binomio evaluación-calificación de orientación vertical (profesor-alumno), ya que lo enriquece añadiendo la orientación horizontal o coevaluación (alumno-alumno). La acción de evaluar a otros compañeros hace que los alumnos reflexionen más críticamente sobre sus propios textos, se ponen en el lugar del otro, en este caso de la persona que les va a evaluar, enriqueciendo así su escenario cognitivo (meta-cognición).

Biosensor devices hold great potential for various applications in detecting disease and monitoring disease progression. Electrochemical biosensors represent an important subclass of chemical sensors, they are extremely inexpensive, rapid and sensitive. Aluminium nanoparticle doped zinc oxide nanostructure based integrated electrochemical biosensor has been designed and developed for the dengue virus’s diagnosis. By utilizing a hard mask and thermal evaporator systems (PVD), interdigitated electrode (IDE) is designed with Ag (silver) and integrated on Si-AZO. The platform of fabricated (IDE(Ag)/AZO/Si) is functionalized involving DNA immobilization, hybridization and surface modification to set up electrical detection for DNA probe specific to dengue in concentrations, 100 fM, 100 pM, 10 nM and DNA probe. The sensitivity of wide ranged detected achieved is 55.54 μA nM−1 cm−2, as well as for limit detection, 15.46 μA nM−1 and limit quantification, 51.53 μA nM−1. Also, it is extracted, 0.0604 μA nM−1, the linear regression 0.8563 and the standard deviation of current is 0.34 μA. Our biosensors device is fast and highly effective; thus, it may potentially assist future advances in the diagnosis of dengue viruses.

espanolEste articulo analiza como las multinacionales tecnologicas, y en particular aquellas que se dedican a las redes sociales, estan desarrollando tecnicas para construir metricas mentales de los usuarios que navegan por internet con el fin de conocer sus emociones, sus sentimientos, sus gustos, sus fobias, y, en definitiva, su psique. Se muestran algunos sencillos ejemplos de como se pueden implementar estas tecnicas. En concreto, nos centraremos en un rasgo muy particular de lo mental: la intencionalidad. EnglishThis article analyzes how technology multinationals, and in particular those that are dedicated to social networks, are developing techniques to build mental metrics of users who browse the Internet in order to know their emotions, their feelings, their tastes, their phobias, and, ultimately, their psyche. Some simple examples of how these techniques can be implemented are shown. Specifically, we will focus on a very particular trait of the mental: intentionality.

espanolLa filosofia de la comunicacion del siglo XX acepto, en terminos generales, la teoria de la agenda-setting propuesta por McCombs y Shaw (1972). Esta teoria subrayaba la capacidad de los medios de comunicacion de masas para configurar la comprension que el gran publico tiene de la realidad social (Wolf, 1987). Sin embargo, Internet y las redes sociales han cambiado radicalmente el panorama, puesto que los grandes medios de comunicacion tradicionales van ahora a remolque de lo que es trending-topic en las redes. Este articulo senala la necesidad de desarrollar una nueva filosofia de la comunicacion, adaptada a la existencia de un nuevo marco (frame) tecnologico y social, que redefina los patrones y los factores que configuran actualmente la agenda publica (agenda-setting 2.0). EnglishThe philosophy of communication of the 20th century accepted, in general terms, the agenda-setting theory proposed by McCombs and Shaw (1972). This theory underlined the capacity of the mass media to shape the understanding that the general public has of social reality (Wolf, 1987). However, the Internet and social networks have radically changed the landscape, since the traditional mainstream media are now in tow of what is trending-topic on the social media. This article points out the need to develop a new philosophy of communication, adapted to the existence of a new technological and social framework, which will redefine the patterns and factors that currently shape the public agenda (agenda-setting 2.0).

The processing industries of dates in Algeria, as elsewhere in other countries, generate very considerable quantities of waste. The purpose of our approach to valorize this dates-waste by using them to achieve at the formulation of a new culture medium for Lactococcus lactis, which is the most widely, used bacteria in the world for most mesophilic dairy starters. A statistical approach was used to investigate the formulation and optimization of a culture medium containing dates juice for the growth of Lactococcus lactis LCL strain. The application of Plackett–Burman screening design was enabled reveals the most significant variables for the biomass production (dates juice, buffer and yeast extract), which were retained for second optimization using a central composite design methodology, leading to determine the optimal concentrations for a maximum growth of Lactococcus lactis LCL strain. The investigated optimal concentrations for a maximum growth were 7% dates juice, 2.6 g/l yeast extract and 250 mM phosphate buffer K2HPO4/NaH2PO4. For these parameters, the maximum cell density of the Lactococcus lactis LCL strain was obtained with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.924 for the proposed model, thus demonstrating its robustness. The obtained culture medium in this study containing dates juice represents a favorable medium for the growth of Lactococcus lactis LCL strain improving significantly its growth approximately 30% compared with the M17 medium and that showed a cost about 5 to 6 times lower, than that which is commonly used in the world.

Zinc oxide has been synthesized using sol-gel method with different Al nanoparticles (40, 70 and 100 nm). It has been analysed and characterized by UV–vis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. It has been revealed that Al nanoparticles (Al NPs) affect ZnO’s particle size, thickness, roughness, bulk modulus, energy gap, absorbance and transmittance. The optical band gap is varied with Al nanoparticles. The bulk modulus has been calculated to investigate the stiffness of AZOs. Our measured values are in good agreement with other data available in the literature. Keywords: ZnO, Nanoparticles, Analysis, Characterization

Thespeech of James M. Buchanan in relation to the application of electronic technology to direct democracy is discussed. After analyzing the ideas of Buchanan and mentioningsome of the essential characteristics of digital technol-ogy, this paper proposes to introduce some concepts from Ortegay Gasset’s philosophyto help fill the gap between individual and political responsibility. We introduce an intermediate step: the corporate responsibility. RESUMEN Se analiza el discurso de James M. Buchanan en relacion a la aplicacion de la tecnologia electronica a la democracia directa. Tras analizar las ideas de Buchanan y mencionar algunas de las caracteristicas esenciales de la tecnologia digital, este trabajo propone introducir ciertas nociones de la filosofia de Ortega y Gasset para ayudar a rellenar el vacio existente entre la responsabilidad individual y la responsabilidad politica. Introducimos un eslabon intermedio: la responsabilidad corporativa.

Arthur S. Eddington is remembered as one of the best astrophysicists and popularizers of physics in the twentieth century. Nevertheless, his stimulating speculations in philosophy produced serious disputes among philosophers of his time, his philosophy remaining linked to idealism and mysticism. This paper shows this label to be misleading and argues for the identification of Eddington's philosophy with a kind of neutral monism regained from Bertrand Russell and influenced by the Gestalt psychology. The concept of structure is fundamental to our argument for the existence of a veiled neutral monism in Eddington's ideas.