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Primary root canal infection is a dynamic process. All species of oral microbiota have comparable abilities to establish in the root canals of necrotic teeth. The essential ecological factors in their biological selection are nutrient availability, anaerobic environment and bacterial interactions. In chronic apical periodontitis, all selected microflora residing in the long-term infected habitat of root canals system are synergistic, and each of them can play the role of an endodontic pathogen. Microorganisms living in the root canal system of pulpless teeth progressively reach through anatomical communications to the periodontal ligament where, sooner or later, they cause the inflammatory and immunological conflict between the infection and the host. The insight into the complexity of the root canal microbiota is improved by the current pyrosequencing and next-generation sequencing diagnostic techniques, which allow the identification of multispecies of the microbiome and their targeted treatment. The insight into the complexity of root canal microbiota is improved by present diagnostic techniques of pyrosequencing and next generation sequencing, which allow the identification of multispecies of the microbiome and their targeted treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. In this study, the biological effect of MTA Repair HP (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Repair High Plasticity) and Biodentine have been tested on a stabilized fibroblast cell line NCTC clone 929. Materials and Methods. We assessed quantitative and qualitative parameters related to cytotoxic effect of the investigated products. The experimental period was 96 hours. Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. Results. The detached cells test showed no statistically significant difference on cell culture for Biodentine and MTA Repair HP, while for the cellular density assay we found the same biological effect on the tested fibroblasts in the first 24 and 48 hours, but a significant different cellular response for the investigated pulp capping materials for the next 48 hours of the experiment. Conclusions. The results demonstrated that the materials presented a very low level of cytotoxicity. Biodentine showed in all parameters better biological effects than MTA Repair HP, expressed by lower and limited cellular damage and a higher cell density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently endocrowns are a suitable option for restoration of endodontically treated teeth primarily in molars. They are a less invasive procedure and achieve appreciate aesthetic and biomechanical results in comparison with conventional restorative procedures based on post-core and full coverage crown. The clinical success mostly depends on careful case selection and proper management of modern adhesive techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maxillary second molar is a tooth that can have relationships with the maxillary sinus. The endodontic treatment may present difficulties (secondary and tertiary dentin deposits, narrowing of the canals, limited mouth opening), and the success of the treatment is dictated by the quality of the chemomechanical canal treatment and the canal obturation. It is essential to avoid accidents and incidents that can induce dental-origin conditions of the maxillary sinus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentofacial esthetic rehabilitation in the anterior area of the dental arches is today a requirement without which social and professional integration is afflicted. Direct restorations with resin composites of carious and non-carious lesions can be achieved by different techniques, including the silicone index or silicone key method. This technique addresses the anterior teeth hard structure loss, involving the palatal surface, and it is performed with the help of a silicone index obtained from the impression of the affected area. The advantages of the silicon index method are, equally, the easy, morphologically and functionally correct reconstruction of the palatal contour and obtaining excellent restoration from an esthetic point of view, due to the possibility of layering the color shades of the used resin composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, published in the Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, explores the importance of irrigation in cleaning root canal isthmuses. The authors discuss various techniques for activating irrigants, with passive ultrasonic activation being the most effective. The article also discusses the limitations of syringe irrigation and the phenomenon of vapor lock. Overall, the article provides valuable insights into improving the cleaning and disinfection of root canal isthmuses. The text also mentions the challenges and limitations of cleaning infected root canals, particularly in hard-to-reach areas called isthmuses. Various irrigation techniques have been used to improve cleaning and disinfection, but more research is needed to develop specific treatment approaches for isthmuses. [Extracted from the article]

Modern direct restorations of dental lesions with adhesive materials can be achieved through different working protocols. Among them, sandwich technique is one of the well-known procedures, especially for posterior area, in which two materials, usually glass ionomer cement and resin composite, are used together in order to obtain a monolithic dental structure, combining the properties of both materials and, thus, a superior result obtained. In this way, not only the longevity of restoration is improved, but also the tooth health and survival on dental arch are maintained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatments in dentistry currently consist of an interdisciplinary approach, including (but not necessarily limited to) the holistic perspective. The different fields of allopathic and complementary medicine are used together to ensure not only a high-quality restorative treatment, but also to provide patients with psychological and emotional support. This perspective also applies to dental anxiety, which consists of complex (emotional, vegetative and psychomotor) manifestations. One of the most well-known complementary therapies for reducing dental fear and anxiety is BachTM Flower Therapy. Even if the mechanism of action of this therapy is not yet scientifically documented, notable results have been and continue to be reported in the literature in several clinical studies on patients with dental diseases. It is indicated for both adults and children, in the latter when they go through major biological changes, such as primary and permanent dentition. As a conclusion, BachTM flower therapy is effective and complementary to dental treatments applied to patients, by reducing stress, anxiety, as well as creating a climate of peace, trust and confidence, both for the patient and the doctor. In addition, it is a relatively accessible and cheap form of care, with no significant adverse effects noted so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proximal surfaces of both anterior and posterior teeth frequently present dental caries, as a result of complex coronal morphology and other associated factors which favors bacterial microfilm retention. In this article we present the second part results of a cross-sectional study, using a questionnaire that was distributed to a number of 110 Romanian dentists. We investigated the most used dental materials and techniques and correlations with oral restorations longevity, and also the failures and patients' complaints. The results indicate a modern, up to date approach of direct restoration in adjacent teeth from Romanian interviewed dentist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endodontic treatments during pregnancy can be safely performed taking certain precautions. The aim of this clinical case, which we present in our article, was to treat an irreversible pulpitis in a second-trimester pregnancy patient who was undergoing an orthodontic treatment prior to pregnancy. The endodontic treatment was performed without removing the facial arch and brackets, in a single session, using multiple waves condensation method. The endodontic technique of vertical hot condensation used has the advantage that it can fill the entire root system three-dimensionally. After one week, the coronal restoration was made with resin composites. Teeth that are included in an orthodontic treatment can be adequately endodontically treated and coronally restored during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lateral canals are communication pathways between the main endodontic canal and the periodontal space. In case of pulpal pathosis, it is very important to seal the main canal together with lateral and accessory canals, because that means a premise for the rapid healing of apical periodontitis. Endodontic obturation method of warm vertical condensation most commonly seals the lateral and accessory canals as well. The radiographic examination can show the presence and the correct filling of these little ramifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental caries located on adjacent approximal tooth surfaces represent one of the most widespread clinical situations dentists encounter in dental practice. This article presents a cross-sectional study, using a questionnaire that was distributed to a number of 110 practicing Romanian dentists, regarding the prevalence, etiology, diagnosis and therapeutic approach of this kind of dental lesions. The results highlights that dentists knowledge and practice are up to date with the most recent diagnosis methods and therapeutic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern dental caries adhesive direct restoration requires a working protocol that includes stages and techniques that must be strictly followed to ensure the correct morphological and functional reconstruction, as well as an increased longevity of the restoration and implicitly of the respective tooth in the oral cavity. Failures in achieving these goals are represented by the occurrence of recurrent caries, secondary or residual caries, coronary fractures, leading to pulpal and periodontal complications. They can be due to both incorrect therapeutic maneuvers and other causes, for which the dentist is not responsible, such as manufacturing defects of dental materials that are not visible during inspection or the patient's attitude towards oral hygiene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The successful restoration of the physiognomic function of the anterior area of the dental arches requires the dentist to have advanced knowledge of the facial, dentofacial and marginal periodontal aspects and, at the same time, to master the techniques of working with adhesive materials. Composite resins are currently the materials of choice for regaining the optimal esthetic appearance in the frontal region, because they present both the ability to preserve dental tissues (through chemical adhesion to the substrate) and extensive esthetic possibilities, which give rise to a wide variety of clinical and therapeutic indications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct restoration of hard dental loss in posterior region presents both characteristics that come from the specifics of the dental caries in molars and premolars, as well as from the aspects of treatment techniques. The posterior area presents the highest incidence of dental caries mainly due to the teeth morphology (pits, grooves, cusps) and the consequences arising from this aspect. Regarding direct restoration of the teeth in the masticatory region, we are often confronted with difficulties and failures of the correct restoration of the interproximal contact area. Through detailed knowledge of the therapeutic protocol and properties of the materials, we can completely eliminate the failures of these restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During dentition development stages, various defects of the dental structures can appear and can be in shape, number, position, structure. The latter primarily affect the aesthetic appearance, but also the other functions of the dentomaxillary system, when the severity of the lesions is important. Enamel hypoplasia in the frontal area of dental arches, with moderate extension of defects, can be easily treated with modern resin composite materials using adhesive technique, by direct restorations. In this way, the coronal morphological integrity and the harmonious dento-facial appearance are restored. Restorations for this type of dental lesions need to be carefully monitored and retreatment performed if necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article presents a study on the importance of the relationship between the dentist and the patient, which affects the outcome of any dental treatment. The study involved dentists and patients who answered questions about the professional and psychological profile of the dentist. The results of the questionnaires revealed how important are both the attention given to the patient (patience, understanding, empathy), but also the com pliance with the professional standards on infection control or the painless approach to dental treatments. The conclusions of the study offer us the possibility to improve the global image of the therapeutic act in dental medicine by the individual correction of each dentist where necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of abrasive and/or erosive dental lesions is a conservative one. A frequently used treatment method for this type of lesions is the direct and indirect laminate veneer restoration with composite resins. In the direct technique, the material is inserted by the dentist inside the preparation, so that the treatment is performed in a single session. Direct composite veneers has other advantages, including the complete morphofunctional restoration of the tooth, very good aesthetic appearance, simple working technique, and the low cost for the patient. The treatment of dental wear must always be accompanied by the removal of the etiological factors and the education of the patient regarding oral hygiene and diet, in order to maintain the obtained results in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The place of medical legislation in the university curriculum remains somehow uncertain and should be identified more clearly. A more robust knowledge base on the law is needed to enable medical students to develop sufficient legal competence to manage the challenges of future practice. Further research is needed to identify the most effective methods of teaching, learning and assessing legal knowledge and skills, during and after the completion of initial medical education. An in-depth analysis of resources shows that there is no robust evidence base that evaluates the impact in different curricular structures of the efficient methods in developing the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors needed in medical practice of student. Moreover, only a limited number of studies refer to the results and effectiveness of teaching and learning the elements of medical legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]