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The scientific work deals with Romania's level of readiness for the development of the Intelligent Industry (4.0), in relation to the national, European and international trends, with the identification of the strengths and weaknesses and the steps needed to be taken to reduce the gap compared to the de- veloped countries. The scientific work will focus next on examples of contributions and elaborations of original concepts and constructions of intelligent systems, technological platforms and cobot networks that support the digital enterprise and the Intelligent Industry (4.0) in Romania.

Additive Manufacturing (AM) concerns all classes of materials – polymers, metals, ceramics and glasses as well. For this reason, AM is in the focus of material scientists from all branches. Leaders of the industry realize that the possibilities of 3D printing are endless, and that these possibilities need ways and means to be taken full advantage of. Today, aerospace engineers are using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method for rapid prototyping, part manufacturing, and tooling. They are followed by leaders and engineers from industry (industrial machines, motor vehicles, consumer products, medical/dental) but also from academic institutions and government/military.

The paper aims to demonstrate the capability of FDM – Fused Deposition Modeling 3D printing technique to build complex structures designed for replacing anatomic parts of human body. It proposes to push the limits of FDM machine in order to achieve both structural integrity, mechanical properties and complexity of the 3D print part. Main applicability focus on bioengineering - developing new, lightweight implants but also can easily extended to airspace/automotive industry.

The scientific paper presents in summary the new concepts regarding the realization of cyber-mix-mechatronic systems with different industrial and societal applications.

Taking into account the importance of mechatronic applications, researches regarding the possibility to improve the lifetime of mechatronic components were made. Nanostructured metallic thin films (Ti, Cr, Al and Ti/Al multilayer) were deposited on different types of steel substrates, because nanomaterials have exceptional properties in relation to the common materials. In this paper a part of the results obtained after mechanical and topographic characterization of the thin films are presented. Cr is the deposited thin film showing the highest hardness on the surface of steel substrate type OSC. After the scratch tests realized, Ti layer presented the best adhesion on all types of steel substrates used in experiments. The results of these researches could be extremely useful for engineers in the mechatronic field.

The paper presents a new technique for obtaining dental prostheses with special properties – selective laser deposition. A mathematical model will be analyzed regarding the thermal characteristics of the additive technology by selective laser melting, which will deduce the temperature, the thermal velocity and the thermal acceleration during the process. Three different biocompatible materials - titanium alloy, Co-Cr alloy and stainless steel will be considered. It will also study the influence of important parameters on thermal characteristics in order to obtain prostheses with conforming properties.

The article presents a new 3D printer constructive model using an extruder that can work with three types of thermoplastic filaments as raw material. The designed and realized 3D printer has the ability to produce multilayer multi-colour parts of materials with different properties and characteristics due to the extrusion head with a special construction - diamond type, which allows the control and combination of the three types of filaments.

The scientific paper focuses on a synthesis, the architecture: why industry 4.0 and the digital enterprise? - for intelligent technological change, intelligent societal change and business paradigm shift, new Intelligent Industry Opportunities (4.0) created by the development of mechatronics and cyber-mixmechatronics - information ensures the satisfaction of man’s spiritual needs, computer science adds value to everything, and computer science culture, the vision of INCDMTM - Romania in the intelligent domain research and innovation “Internet of Things - IoT” - integrated in COBOT technology platforms and the INCDMTM - Romania mission for mechatronic and cyber-mixmechronicon concepts and constructions integrated in COBOT technology platforms - for Intelligent Industry (4.0).

The paper presents new technological solutions for realization of aerators used for ecological treatment of wastewater. It was presented the CAD-CAM design steps of the plates with microorifices in order to optimize their further processing on a CNC machining center. The diffussers on which the plates are mounted were obtained by additive technologies - the FDM process. Also, it was presented a new process for microorifices cleaning.

The main objectives of the present project are to study and to improve mechanical properties of different systems from mechatronic and biomedical domains, in order to increase their functionality and life span. This is why nanostructured thin films (e.g. Al, Cr, Ti, Ti/Al multilayers) were deposited on different steel substrates, used in mechatronic and biomedical applications. By the characterization of coated surfaces of the products used in various fields such as medicine, mechatronics, electronics, etc. depends their proper operation, durability and reliability. This is the main reason why, we studied new types of layers and multilayers using Atomic Force Microscopy and scratch tests. The main result of the realized tests is that all studied nanostructured thin films offer the possibility of increasing the lifetime of substrates, being an important factor for proper functional operation, durability and reliability of the final systems in which they are used.

This paper presents for the first time national scientific developments and technical-technological systems from Mix – Integrating Mechatronics and Cyber - Intelligent Mechatronics to Claytronics ​​Science by highlighting the fundamental knowledge, concepts and new constructive solutions at micro - nanoscale and their applications in industry , economy and society. As scientific impact of this paper updating the specialists knowledges from Romania to the latest research directions from the intelligent specailized domain of Mix - Integrating Mechatronics in Intelligent Mechatronics, and Cyber - Intelligent Mechatronics to Claytronics ​​Science , for manufacturing new smart and hiper intelligent products demanded by the New Knowledge for New Society. The paper presents the contribution of scientific team in development of new systems and and intelligent cyber – mechatronics equipments transferred and implemented in industry and in the economy in Romania.

The scientific paper shows for the first time in Romania, the new concepts of the author in mechatronics development and micro and nano mechatronics as strategic research and development opportunities for the XXIst century, the integration between the physical and the virtual world and thus, forming of the Cybernetic Space, by fusion and fusing.In fact, computer systems and informatic systems are connected, by using the ubiquitous networking technologies (IT), together with the rapid progress of miniaturization, speed, power, and mobility of mechatronic and micronanomechatronic systems in a technical and technological space named "cyber space", which offers increased efficiency, higher productivity, superior safety and with functions that could not previously be performed.Thus, herein are presented applications of cyber-mechatronic and cyber-micro and nano mechatronic systems in industry and society in smart car fabrications, intelligent medical systems and so on, by tackling scientific and technical challenges, challenges of complex integration, interaction between people and systems and by dealing with uncertainty.

Within the framework of the “ECOSIN – MECATRON” Research Infrastructure project, INCDMTM - Bucharest develops Intelligent Mechatronics and Cyber - MixMechatronics Intelligent EcoSystems, which is the foundation for the Intelligent Mechatronics Industries for the Intelligent Field of Specialization and for Mechatronics and Cyber - Mechatronics, by presenting advanced solutions and intelligent technologies related to the economic, industrial and social sustainability in Romania.

The paper presents 3D DLP (Digital Light Processing) digital printing technology, which belongs to the additive technology category using liquid raw material allowing the obtaining of dental prostheses with complex and detailed geometry, fine and precise printed surfaces, fairly resistant dental crowns, with a variety of resins, including biomedical materials (certified for medical use), characterized by high print speed and productivity for complex geometries and high productivity with numerous applications in the medical field. In the paper, a prototype of a dental bridge was made using 3D DLP printing technology, which can serve as a model for future dental restorations.

The paper presents the technology of execution of a fine bubble generator; the air inlets in the water are O 0.1 mm and made in silicon plates. The scheme of the experimental installation where this fine bubble generator is fitted is presented. The end of the paper shows the methodology of the researches and the obtained results.

The paper presents methods for measuring the dissolved oxygen concentration in water; the electrical method is presented by presenting an experimental installation designed and built in the laboratories of POLITEHNICA University in Bucharest. For the creation of fine air bubbles, a bubble generator with 0.1 mm orifices processed by spark-erosion was used. The results of the experimental researches on the measurement of dissolved oxygen in water are presented.

Progressive replacement of traditional tools with intelligent technological equipment becoming more complex is one of the most important aspects of the development of production processes in all industrial fields. Intelligent measurement and integrated dimensional control are needed to ensure the quality of the product or industrial manufacturing process, whatever the field. Because the automotive industry is one of the most important industries in the world, manufacturing systems engineering, control methods and techniques, and assurance of quality, present particular interest by the economic results, in particular the reduction of working time and production costs. In a perfect world or in an integrated production environment, the new 3D measurement systems, by providing the quality control integrated into the production line would be able to measure all the necessary parameters in a single step, without errors and render the results in the same way to the manufacturing networks with computers, in formats useful for CNC machines control and process management.

It presents the advantages it offers rapid prototyping for making orthopedic prostheses compared to current manufacturing processes thereof. Dimensional reconstruction and anatomic ankle system modeling techniques based on the analysis and processing of images, graphic representations using 3D anatomical model of ankle and using this model for implementation ankle prosthesis 3D printing techniques.

The paper presents the mechatronic system for solar energy acquisition for using the system fed on. The mechatronic system with two independent movements affords the high accuracy positioning along the two axes for an optic beam narrowing having the main role of focusing the solar energy. The mathematical model and the design of its components are made by using Delphi. The control of mechatronic system with movements along the two axes, which are azimuth and elevation, has been done with microcontroller.

Biocompatible materials are used for the set ankle endoprosthesis used in modern medical practice or polymeric biomaterials, biomaterials composite and ceramic biomaterials. Ankle endoprosthesis must become an integral part of the patient’s body should be accepted and tolerated by the patient, the latter passing through a process of integration and adaptation very stressful.

This paper explains and demonstrates how an atomic force microscope (AFM) is working and how can be improved the measurements realized with this system. At the begining of the paper is a complex presentation of AFM and its improvement with capacitive sensors. Starting from the obtained information, we studied the influence of quality and linearity error of sensors to characterize surfaces using atomic force microscopy. We used the device that had sensors with a linearity error of 0.1%. For another set of measurements we used sensors with linearity error of 0.01%. Experiments realized on CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V materials surfaces demonstrated that the accuracy of sensors, respectively, the linearity error, from the measurement system has an important influence.

Micro-nanometrologically and topographic characterization of materials is important to determine features of different surfaces that are used in many areas. During the time, depending on the application, the surfaces deteriorate having a complex deterioration mechanism. The changes that appear on these surfaces and wear particles can be characterized using different equipment and techniques. A mechatronic system made up of an atomic force microscope and a robotic nanomanipulator is used at INCDMTM, in order to characterize steel, titanium alloys, CoCr alloys or polycrystalline surfaces. It is a proper system to study surfaces of different materials from the tribological point of view.

For over 20 years the term"three-dimensional scan"(3D) showed the world the possibilities of virtual design, simulation, or reverse engineering. 3D scanning is also known as 3D digitizing, the name coming from the fact that this is a process that uses a contact or non-contact digitizing probe to capture the objects form and recreate them in a virtual workspace through a very dense network of points (xyz) as a 3D graph representation. Until recently, digitization was limited by the speed of the scan head and the correct choice of the probing system, type of scanned piece and budget for the purchase or develops the scanning system. With the evolution of technology appeared a number of new techniques that tend to improve the properties of classical methods. Even if intended for copying or geometrical control, or rather virtual geometric modelling or product realization, there are two groups of technologies: with contact (classical methods with probes) or without contact (laser, optical or combination). Most automotive manufacturers currently use 3D scan metrology based on optical or laser systems to validate products quality. The pieces are initially measured by 3D scanning then they are compared with the designed model (CAD file) using a specialized software. By this comparison producer can interfere very quickly in the manufacturing process to remove the cause of defects, this technique being called Reverse Engineering (RE). There are many variables that affect accuracy of laser scanning and therefore the quality of information: reflectance of surface, colour object, recesses, openings narrow and sharp edges can be difficult to scan. This accuracy may vary from micron to millimetre and the acquisitions size from a few points to several thousand points per second. The overall accuracy of a 3D acquisition system depends above all on the sensors precision and on the acquisition device (acquisition with contact) or acquisition structure (acquisition without contact). In a perfect world or in an integrated production environment, 3D measuring systems should be able to measure all the necessary parameters in a single step without errors, and to render the results in the same way to the manufacturing networks equipped with computers, in formats useful for machines control and processes management.

The main purpose of this project was to study and improve the tribological characteristics of hip and knee prostheses in order to use them for a longer period of time. We conducted a thorough investigation of components of hip and knee prostheses. We started with the study of hip prostheses obtained after revision surgery. In this paper we present some experimental results about the scratch resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy and Co-Cr alloy femoral heads coated by physical vapor deposition (PVD) with TiN and Co-Cr-Mo, respectively. Visual analysis and optical microscopy analysis of prosthetic components revealed numerous multi-directional scratches, deeper or less deep, frosted the surface in the geometric place of action of the resultant force application point, microcorossion and peeling of the coating on the prosthetic femoral heads made of CoCr coated with CoCrMo by PVD method. Scratches, corrosion, peeling and bio-tribo-corrosion of titanium nitride (TiN) coating from the Ti6Al4V femoral heads surface were also observed. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), topographic characterization at nanometric scale of these surfaces was realized. Surface topography parameters such as minimum and maximum height, average roughness, and surface asymmetry were derived. It resulted that under the deposition there is a more veiled area. Roughness was used as an indicator of damage to the femoral head to obtain information on the variation in height from one point to another. AFM analysis revealed a dramatic increase in average roughness (Ra) of femoral heads compared to the maximum value of 0.05 μm provided under ISO 7206-2. From all these studies it was noted the need for a resistant prostheses, with anticorrosive composition and high mechanical properties. Among the numerous methods to reduce wear we realized thin films (biocompatible nanomaterials) deposition of TiN on 316L SS steel substrates by pulsed laser deposition method (PLD), to improve overall performance and, in particular, mechanical prosthesis of hip prostheses structures. The results obtained leads to the conclusion that PLD technique is a good method to make amorphous and crystalline films, dense and porous by controlling the laser system conditions. All parameters can be controlled and varied to identify the optimum structures and to obtain thin layers.

Total hip prosthesis (THP) is the most success of the 20th century in orthopaedic biomedical engineering. However due to difficult conditions within the human body its durability is generally limited to 15-16 years. THP is a bio-tribosystem, on which many mechanical, thermal, chemical and biological factors act. This paper presents the results of an analysis regarding the topography and tribological parameters of femoral heads structures before and after TiN coating. We report on the synthesis of TiN thin films on steel substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method for improving the mechanical characteristics of the structures. Adhesion resistance of the coating on the sub-layer was evaluated by scratching tests accompanied by Optical Microscopy (OM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). As a principal result, this work points out that TiN protective coatings deposited by PLD technique with the maximum number of pulses can represent an alternative technology to ensure adhesion and scratch resistance of TiN coatings on femoral heads.

The newly invented word << ADAPTRONICS >> describes essentially technical and technological fields internationally known as intelligent systems, smart structures and smart materials, smart processes, describes how easy is it to build adaptive systems and structures, with the objective of reduction of material, technological and energy for implementation and operation to an absolute minimum, describes different scenarios for such applications focused on trying to simulate "vital functions", and the ability of biological systems to recognize and automatically correct the dysfunctions of their their structure, characteristic desired in technical systems and structures, particularly in areas where safety is essential (eg aircraft, civil structures, etc.), describes "scientific pillars" of the disciplines involved and important components of future structures and systems etc.

A new technology, using new materials specially designed for complex geometries,extensively used in research-development and innovation area will be presented in this paper. Evenhighly complex geometries are created directly from 3D CAD data, fully automatically, in just a fewhours and without any tooling. It is a net-shape process, producing parts with high accuracy anddetail resolution, good surface quality and excellent mechanical properties.

The creativity of human being correlated with the requirements of permanent increase of the living standard, constitutes the basis of society development. Progressive replacement of traditional tools with intelligent technological equipment becoming more complex is one of the most important aspects of the development of production processes in all industrial fields. Intelligent measurement and integrated dimensional control are needed to ensure the quality of the product or industrial manufacturing process, whatever the field. Because the automotive industry is one of the most important industries in the world, manufacturing systems engineering, control methods and techniques, and assurance of quality, present particular interest by the economic results, in particular the reduction of working time and production costs. In a perfect world or in an integrated production environment, the new 3D measurement systems, by providing the quality control integrated into the production line would be able to measure all the necessary parameters in a single step, without errors and render the results in the same way to the manufacturing networks with computers, in formats useful for CNC machines control and process management.

This paper initiates the launch and the integration of a new scientific concept: “Mechatronics galaxy”, a support of industrial research for European sustainable and strategic development

The paper treats high precision micro technologies for automate generation of linear incremental networks masks by using the photocomposition method with multiple micro photographical reductions using laser high sensitivity microsystems, for the manufacture of micro-sensors and micro-transducers for micro displacements with endowment in industrial and metrological laboratories. These laser micro technologies allow automate generation of incremental networks masks with incremental step of 0,1 µm ensuring necessary accuracy according to European and international standards as well as realization of linear incremental photoelectric rules divisor and vernier as marks ultra precise components of micro-sensors and microtransducers for micro displacements.