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2. Addressing Methodological Assumptions of Correspondence Tests when Measuring Discrimination

Author

Abel Ghekiere, Billie Martiniello, and Pieter-Paul Verhaeghe

Abstract

In this study, we introduce a critical assessment of methodological assumptions made by researchers when using correspondence tests to measure ethnic discrimination. We aim to investigate whether (1) the order in which the applications are sent out, between the test and control person, (2) the conducted matched triad tests, in comparison to matched duo tests, and (3) the timing of application within the week, have an effect on discrimination rates. For this purpose, we made use of 2.984 matched correspondence tests across Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium. Our findings suggest that the correspondence tests are rather robust for the variability in methodology. While these different methodological choices do affect the general invitation rates, they do not affect discrimination rates.

Published
2024
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4. Reliability of streetscape audits comparing on‐street and online observations: MAPS-Global in 5 countries

Author

Queralt, Ana, Molina-García, Javier, Terrón-Pérez, Marta, Cerin, Ester, Barnett, Anthony, Timperio, Anna, Veitch, Jenny, Reis, Rodrigo, Silva, Alexandre Augusto Paula, Ghekiere, Ariane, Van Dyck, Delfien, Conway, Terry L, Cain, Kelli L, Geremia, Carrie M, and Sallis, James F

Subjects
Public Health, Health Sciences, Prevention, Clinical Research, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, China, Cities, Environment Design, Hong Kong, Humans, Pedestrians, Reproducibility of Results, Residence Characteristics, Spain, Walking, Built environment, Measurement, Physical activity, Direct observation, Neighborhood, Public Health and Health Services, Human Geography, Epidemiology, Health services and systems, Public health
Abstract

BackgroundMicroscale environmental features are usually evaluated using direct on-street observations. This study assessed inter-rater reliability of the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes, Global version (MAPS-Global), in an international context, comparing on-street with more efficient online observation methods in five countries with varying levels of walkability.MethodsData were collected along likely walking routes of study participants, from residential starting points toward commercial clusters in Melbourne (Australia), Ghent (Belgium), Curitiba (Brazil), Hong Kong (China), and Valencia (Spain). In-person on the street and online using Google Street View audits were carried out by two independent trained raters in each city. The final sample included 349 routes, 1228 street segments, 799 crossings, and 16 cul-de-sacs. Inter-rater reliability analyses were performed using Kappa statistics or Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC).ResultsOverall mean assessment times were the same for on-street and online evaluations (22 ± 12 min). Only a few subscales had Kappa or ICC values

Published
2021

5. Reduced Ejection Fraction in Elite Endurance Athletes: Clinical and Genetic Overlap With Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Author

Claessen, Guido, De Bosscher, Ruben, Janssens, Kristel, Young, Paul, Dausin, Christophe, Claeys, Mathias, Claus, Piet, Goetschalckx, Kaatje, Bogaert, Jan, Mitchell, Amy M., Flannery, Michael D., Elliott, Adrian D., Yu, Chenglong, Ghekiere, Olivier, Robyns, Tomas, Van De Heyning, Caroline M., Sanders, Prashanthan, Kalman, Jonathan M., Ohanian, Monique, Soka, Magdalena, Rath, Emma, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Johnson, Renee, Lacaze, Paul, Herbots, Lieven, Willems, Rik, Fatkin, Diane, Heidbuchel, Hein, La Gerche, André, Van Soest, Sofie, Bekhuis, Youri, Pauwels, Rik, De Paepe, Jarne, Hespel, Peter, Dymarkowski, Steven, Dresselaers, Tom, Miljoen, Hielko, Favere, Kasper, Paelinck, Bernard, Vermeulen, Dorien, Witvrouwen, Isabel, Hansen, Dominique, Op’t Eijnde, Bert, Thijs, Daisy, Vanvoorden, Peter, Lefebvre, Kristof, D’Ambrosio, Paolo, Rowe, Stephanie, Paratz, Elizabeth, Brosnan, Maria J., and Prior, David L.

Published
2024
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6. Comparing Degradation Mechanisms, Quality, and Energy Usage for Pellet- and Filament-Based Material Extrusion for Short Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites with Recycled Polymer Matrices

Author

Marah Baddour, Chiara Fiorillo, Lynn Trossaert, Annabelle Verberckmoes, Arthur Ghekiere, Dagmar R. D’hooge, Ludwig Cardon, and Mariya Edeleva

Subjects
recycled polymers, short carbon fiber (sCF), process design, direct pellets additive manufacturing (DPAM), fused filament fabrication (FFF), Technology, Science
Abstract

Short carbon fiber (sCF)-based polymer composite parts enable one to increase in the material property range for additive manufacturing (AM) applications. However, room for technical and material improvement is still possible, bearing in mind that the commonly used fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique is prone to an extra filament-making step. Here, we compare FFF with direct pellet additive manufacturing (DPAM) for sCF-based composites, taking into account degradation reactions, print quality, and energy usage. On top of that, the matrix is based on industrial waste polymers (recycled polycarbonate blended with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer and recycled propylene), additives are explored, and the printing settings are optimized, benefiting from molecular, rheological, thermal, morphological, and material property analyses. Despite this, DPAM resulted in a rougher surface finish compared to FFF and can be seen as a faster printing technique that reduces energy consumption and molecular degradation. The findings help formulate guidelines for the successful DPAM and FFF of sCF-based composite materials in view of better market appreciation.

Published
2024
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7. Reduced Ejection Fraction in Elite Endurance Athletes: Clinical and Genetic Overlap With Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Author

Claessen, Guido, De Bosscher, Ruben, Janssens, Kristel, Young, Paul, Dausin, Christophe, Claeys, Mathias, Claus, Piet, Goetschalckx, Kaatje, Bogaert, Jan, Mitchell, Amy M., Flannery, Michael D., Elliott, Adrian D., Yu, Chenglong, Ghekiere, Olivier, Robyns, Tomas, Van De Heyning, Caroline M., Sanders, Prashanthan, Kalman, Jonathan M., Ohanian, Monique, Soka, Magdalena, Rath, Emma, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Johnson, Renee, Lacaze, Paul, Herbots, Lieven, Willems, Rik, Fatkin, Diane, Heidbuchel, Hein, La Gerche, André, Van Soest, Sofie, Bekhuis, Youri, Pauwels, Rik, De Paepe, Jarne, Hespel, Peter, Dymarkowski, Steven, Dresselaers, Tom, Miljoen, Hielko, Favere, Kasper, Paelinck, Bernard, Vermeulen, Dorien, Witvrouwen, Isabel, Hansen, Dominique, Op’t Eijnde, Bert, Thijs, Daisy, Vanvoorden, Peter, Lefebvre, Kristof, D’Ambrosio, Paolo, Rowe, Stephanie, Paratz, Elizabeth, Brosnan, Maria J., and Prior, David L.

Published
2023
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11. Reducing ethnic discrimination in rental applications: the development of a training intervention.

Author

Ghekiere, Abel, D'hondt, Fanny, Derous, Eva, Schelfhout, Stijn, and Verhaeghe, Pieter-Paul

Subjects
*ETHNIC discrimination, *HOUSING market, *PUBLIC housing, *HOUSING policy, *INTERSECTIONALITY
Abstract

While field experiments are valuable in their ability to objectively analyse patterns of discrimination, research that focuses on reducing discrimination is systematically lacking. The present study addresses this gap. Building on both cognitive and behavioural processes that steer discriminatory decision-making and insights from diversity literature, we develop and test the effectiveness of a training intervention which is tailored to the specific context of the housing market, with 113 students in real estate. We develop our training around three theoretical mechanisms of discrimination that are measured through a specified vignette experiment in pre- and post-tests. Our results show a reduction in statistical and customer taste-based discrimination after the training, but no change in agent taste-based discrimination. The driver for this reduction in discrimination is being more selective on majority candidates rather than increasing the chances of ethnic minority candidates. Additionally, we found that training has no effect on taste and that most of these effects remain present on the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Hidden under the Surface: A Rare Cause of Repeated Syncope in a Patient with Recent Pacemaker Implantation

Author

Leticia Barrios, Dagmara Dilling-Boer, Axel Jacobs, Olivier Ghekiere, and Philippe Timmermans

Subjects
sarcoidosis, cardiac magnetic resonance, cardiomyopathy, Medicine
Abstract

A 66-year-old woman received a pacemaker implantation because of syncope with documented sinus arrest and junctional bradycardia. Three weeks later the pacemaker analysis revealed episodes of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Coronary angiography and invasive coronary assessment showed diffuse moderate stenosis but no significant ischemia. Three months later she experienced a new syncope and the pacemaker analysis showed runs of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia at the time of syncope. The combination of brady- and tachyarrhythmias raised concern for cardiac sarcoidosis. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) scan showed increased FDG uptake in the basal segments compatible with inflammatory disease. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed late gadolinium enhancement in the same region of the PET-avid lesions. Diagnostic electrophysiologic study could induce VT. The diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis was made, for which high dose corticosteroids were prescribed and an upgrade to a dual chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator was performed. Because of the localization of the lesions, an endomyocardial biopsy was not performed. All the lesions regressed completely on PET-scan after treatment with high dose corticosteroids.

Published
2021
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14. Semi-Quantitative Versus Visual Analysis of Adenosine Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Intermediate-Grade Coronary Artery Stenosis Using Fractional Flow Reserve as the Reference: A Pilot Study

Author

Olivier Ghekiere, Jean-Nicolas Dacher, Willem Dewilde, Wilfried Cools, Paul Dendale, and Alain Nchimi

Subjects
coronary artery stenosis, perfusion magnetic resonance imaging, adenosine, fractional flow reserve, semi-quantitative analysis, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Background: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of semi-quantitative adenosine perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine fractional flow reserve (FFR) ≤ 0.80 intermediate-grade coronary stenoses as compared to visual analysis. Methods: Forty-six patients (mean age 61 ± 9 years; 33 males) with 49 intermediate-grade stenoses (59 ± 7.6%; range, 42–70% minimal diameter reduction) underwent adenosine perfusion MRI and FFR measurement within four months in this retrospective study. MRI was visually assessed by two experienced readers twice with one-year interval, the second time with the knowledge of the diseased artery. The stress subendocardial myocardial enhancement maximal upslope was evaluated distal to the coronary stenosis (=RISK) and divided by the same value in remote myocardium supplied by normal arteries (=REMOTE) to obtain the relative myocardial perfusion index (RMPI). Results: The average FFR value was 0.84 ± 0.09 and 15/49(31%) intermediate-grade stenoses were FFR ≤ 0.80. The kappa-values for interobserver agreement assessing inducible perfusion defects on visual readings was 0.20 on the first reading and increased to 0.62 with the knowledge of the stenosis location. Consensus readings had a diagnostic accuracy of 82%(40/49) in identifying FFR ≤ 0.80 stenoses on both blinded and unblinded readings with regards to the knowledge of the stenosis location. Meanwhile, stress subendocardial RMPI had higher accuracy (43/49[88%]) than visual readings to predict FFR ≤ 0.80 stenoses, using a cutoff value of 0.84. Conclusion: By assessing perfusion changes in remote myocardium, semi-quantitative MRI analysis using stress subendocardial RMPI can provide an equal or more accurate alternative to visual analysis in identifying FFR ≤ 0.80 intermediate-grade stenoses. Larger cohorts of patients are required to validate this approach.

Published
2022
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15. Reliability of streetscape audits comparing on‐street and online observations: MAPS-Global in 5 countries

Author

Ana Queralt, Javier Molina-García, Marta Terrón-Pérez, Ester Cerin, Anthony Barnett, Anna Timperio, Jenny Veitch, Rodrigo Reis, Alexandre Augusto Paula Silva, Ariane Ghekiere, Delfien Van Dyck, Terry L. Conway, Kelli L. Cain, Carrie M. Geremia, and James F. Sallis

Subjects
Built environment, Measurement, Physical activity, Direct observation, Neighborhood, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract

Abstract Background Microscale environmental features are usually evaluated using direct on-street observations. This study assessed inter-rater reliability of the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes, Global version (MAPS-Global), in an international context, comparing on-street with more efficient online observation methods in five countries with varying levels of walkability. Methods Data were collected along likely walking routes of study participants, from residential starting points toward commercial clusters in Melbourne (Australia), Ghent (Belgium), Curitiba (Brazil), Hong Kong (China), and Valencia (Spain). In-person on the street and online using Google Street View audits were carried out by two independent trained raters in each city. The final sample included 349 routes, 1228 street segments, 799 crossings, and 16 cul-de-sacs. Inter-rater reliability analyses were performed using Kappa statistics or Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). Results Overall mean assessment times were the same for on-street and online evaluations (22 ± 12 min). Only a few subscales had Kappa or ICC values

Published
2021
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16. Rationale and design of the PROspective ATHletic Heart (Pro@Heart) study: long-term assessment of the determinants of cardiac remodelling and its clinical consequences in endurance athletes

Author

David Prior, Prashanthan Sanders, Kasper Favere, Adrian Elliott, Andre La Gerche, Hein Heidbüchel, Guido Claessen, Jan Bogaert, Piet Claus, Ruben De Bosscher, Christophe Dausin, Steven Dymarkowski, Kaatje Goetschalckx, Olivier Ghekiere, Caroline M Van De Heyning, Bernard Paelinck, Lieven Herbots, Rik Willems, Maria Brosnan, Amy Mitchell, Kristel Janssens, Jonathan Kalman, Diane Fatkin, Sofie Van Soest, Mathias Claeys, Tom Dresselaers, Hielko Miljoen, Dorien Vermeulen, Isabel Witvrouwen, Dominique Hansen, Daisy Thijs, Peter Vanvoorden, Kristof Lefebvre, and Michael Darragh Flannery

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Published
2022
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17. Multicenter, retrospective analysis of endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke in nonagenarians

Author

Janssen, Helena, Nannoni, Stefania, Francois, Olivier, Dewaele, Tom, De Blauwe, Sofie, Vanhooren, Geert, Ghekiere, Johan, Kager, Joost, Peeters, André, Goffette, Pierre, Hammer, Frank, Duprez, Thierry, Demeestere, Jelle, Lemmens, Robin, Cornelissen, Sandra, Heye, Sam, Yperzeele, Laetitia, Baar, Ingrid, Voormolen, Maurits, Van der Zijden, Thijs, Mondelaers, Annelies, Andersson, Tommy, Pottel, Hans, Odier, Céline, Karkri, Fatine, Michel, Patrik, and Vanacker, Peter

Published
2020
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18. Introducing a vignette experiment to study mechanisms of ethnic discrimination on the housing market.

Author

Abel Ghekiere, Pieter-Paul Verhaeghe, Stijn Baert, Eva Derous, and Stijn Schelfhout

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Ethnic discrimination on the housing market has been subject of research for years. While a field experimental approach is widespread, alternative attempts to objectively measure mechanisms of discrimination on the housing market are scarce. In line with labor market research, we stress that to reduce rental discrimination against ethnic minorities, we need understanding its underlying mechanisms. This is the first paper that introduces a vignette experiment to do so. We distinguish between four mechanisms put forward in the literature but hardly ever empirically tested: agent taste-based discrimination, owner taste-based discrimination, neighborhood taste-based discrimination and statistical discrimination, in a multifactorial vignette experiment among 576 pre graduate real estate student. In addition, our experimental design allows us to examine whether unequal treatment is heterogeneous by property owner and neighborhood characteristics.

Published
2022
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19. Auteurs

Author

Alain, Furber, primary, Jean-Pierre, Laissy, additional, Daniel, Alison, additional, Pierre, Aubry, additional, Arshid, Azarine, additional, Gilles, Barone-Rochette, additional, Pierre-Antoine, Barral, additional, Axel, Bartoli, additional, Ahmed, Ben Driss, additional, Loïc, Bière, additional, Sara, Boccalini, additional, Jacques, Boschat, additional, Louis, Boussel, additional, Éric, Brochet, additional, Farah, Cadour, additional, Serge, Cammilleri, additional, Lucie, Cassagnes, additional, Christophe, Caussin, additional, Étienne, Charpentier, additional, Naima, Chergui, additional, Luc-Philippe, Christiaens, additional, Guillaume, Clerfond, additional, Hubert, Cochet, additional, Alain, Cohen-Solal, additional, Dominique, Crochet, additional, Pierre, Croisille, additional, Jean-Nicolas, Dacher, additional, Jean-François, Deux, additional, Romain, Didier, additional, Benoit, Diebold, additional, Chloé, Dorczynski, additional, Philippe, Douek, additional, Fabrice, Extramania, additional, Jean, Ferrières, additional, Alain, Furber, additional, Gabriel, Garcia, additional, Jérôme, Garot, additional, Olivier, Genée, additional, Olivier, Ghekiere, additional, Nil, Ghelis, additional, Martine, Gilard, additional, Patrice, Guérin, additional, Gilbert, Habib, additional, Michèle, Hamon, additional, Thomas, Hebert, additional, Fabien, Hyafil, additional, Alexis, Jacquier, additional, Bruno, Kastler, additional, Olivier, Lairez, additional, Antoine, Larralde, additional, Florent, Le Ven, additional, Laurent, Macron, additional, Damien, Mandry, additional, Nathan, Mewton, additional, Élie, Mousseaux, additional, Martin, Nicol, additional, Mickaël, Ohana, additional, Phalla, Ou, additional, Chirine, Parsaï, additional, Antoine, Petermann, additional, Théo, Pezel, additional, François, Pontana, additional, Julien, Pucheux, additional, Stanislas, Rapacchi, additional, Alban, Redheuil, additional, Paul, Revel Mouroz, additional, Sophie, Ribeyrolles, additional, Hervé, Rousseau, additional, Jean-Michel, Serfaty, additional, Salim, Si-Mohamed, additional, Marc, Sirol, additional, Gilles, Soulat, additional, Soumaya, Sridi-Cheniti, additional, Nicolas, Varroud-Vial, additional, Emmanuelle, Vermes, additional, Hélène, Vernhet-Kovacsik, additional, Karine, Warin-Fresse, additional, and Serge, Willoteaux, additional

Published
2021
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20. Endurance exercise and the risk of cardiovascular pathology in men: a comparison between lifelong and late-onset endurance training and a non-athletic lifestyle - rationale and design of the Master@Heart study, a prospective cohort trial

Author

Andre La Gerche, Hein Heidbüchel, Guido Claessen, Jan Bogaert, Piet Claus, Ruben De Bosscher, Christophe Dausin, Steven Dymarkowski, Kaatje Goetschalckx, Olivier Ghekiere, Ann Belmans, Caroline M Van De Heyning, Paul Van Herck, Bernard Paelinck, Haroun El Addouli, Lieven Herbots, and Rik Willems

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Introduction Low and moderate endurance exercise is associated with better control of cardiovascular risk factors, a decreased risk of coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation (AF). There is, however, a growing proportion of individuals regularly performing strenuous and prolonged endurance exercise in which the health benefits have been challenged. Higher doses of endurance exercise have been associated with a greater coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden, risk of AF and myocardial fibrosis (MF).Methods and analysis Master@Heart is a multicentre prospective cohort study aiming to assess the incidence of coronary atherosclerosis, AF and MF in lifelong endurance athletes compared to late-onset endurance athletes (initiation of regular endurance exercise after the age of 30 years) and healthy non-athletes.The primary endpoint is the incidence of mixed coronary plaques. Secondary endpoints include coronary calcium scores, coronary stenosis >50%, the prevalence of calcified and soft plaques and AF and MF presence. Tertiary endpoints include ventricular arrhythmias, left and right ventricular function at rest and during exercise, arterial stiffness and carotid artery intima media thickness.Two hundred male lifelong athletes, 200 late-onset athletes and 200 healthy non-athletes aged 45–70 will undergo comprehensive cardiovascular phenotyping using CT, coronary angiography, echocardiography, cardiac MRI, 12-lead ECG, exercise ECG and 24-hour Holter monitoring at baseline. Follow-up will include online tracking of sports activities, telephone calls to assess clinical events and a 7-day ECG recording after 1 year.Ethics and dissemination Local ethics committees approved the Master@Heart study. The trial was launched on 18 October 2018, recruitment is complete and inclusions are ongoing.Trial registration number NCT03711539.

Published
2021
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21. Addressing methodological assumptions of correspondence tests when measuring discrimination.

Author

Ghekiere, Abel, Martiniello, Billie, and Verhaeghe, Pieter-Paul

Subjects
*ETHNIC discrimination, *RESEARCH personnel, *FIELD research
Abstract

In this study, we introduce a critical assessment of methodological assumptions made by researchers when using correspondence tests to measure ethnic discrimination. We aim to investigate whether (1) the order in which the applications are sent out, between the test and control person, (2) the conducted matched triad tests, in comparison to matched duo tests, and (3) the timing of application within the week, have an effect on discrimination rates. For this purpose, we made use of 2.984 matched correspondence tests across Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium. Our findings suggest that the correspondence tests are rather robust for the variability in methodology. While these different methodological choices do affect the general invitation rates, they do not affect discrimination rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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22. Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

Author

Jitendra PS. Sawhney, Veerappa A. Kothiwale, Vikas Bisne, Rajashekhar Durgaprasad, Praveen Jadhav, Manoj Chopda, Velam Vanajakshamma, Ramdhan Meena, Govindan Vijayaraghavan, Kamaldeep Chawla, Jagan Allu, Karen S. Pieper, A. John Camm, Ajay K. Kakkar, Jean-Pierre Bassand, David A. Fitzmaurice, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Shinya Goto, Sylvia Haas, Werner Hacke, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Frank Misselwitz, Alexander G.G. Turpie, Martin van Eickels, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Gloria Kayani, Keith A.A. Fox, Bernard J. Gersh, Hector Lucas Luciardi, Harry Gibbs, Marianne Brodmann, Frank Cools, Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Stuart J. Connolly, Alex Spyropoulos, John Eikelboom, Ramon Corbalan, Dayi Hu, Petr Jansky, Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Hany Ragy, Pekka Raatikainen, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Harald Darius, Matyas Keltai, Sanjay Kakkar, Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Giancarlo Agnelli, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Yukihiro Koretsune, Carlos Jerjes Sánchez Díaz, Hugo Ten Cate, Dan Atar, Janina Stepinska, Elizaveta Panchenko, Toon Wei Lim, Barry Jacobson, Seil Oh, Xavier Viñolas, Marten Rosenqvist, Jan Steffel, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Ali Oto, Alex Parkhomenko, Wael Al Mahmeed, David Fitzmaurice, D.Y. Hu, K.N. Chen, Y.S. Zhao, H.Q. Zhang, J.Z. Chen, S.P. Cao, D.W. Wang, Y.J. Yang, W.H. Li, Y.H. Yin, G.Z. Tao, P. Yang, Y.M. Chen, S.H. He, Ying Wang, Yong Wang, G.S. Fu, X. Li, T.G. Wu, X.S. Cheng, X.W. Yan, R.P. Zhao, M.S. Chen, L.G. Xiong, P. Chen, Y. Jiao, Y. Guo, L. Xue, F.Z. Wang, H. Li, Z.M. Yang, C.L. Bai, J. Chen, J.Y. Chen, X. Chen, S. Feng, Q.H. Fu, X.J. Gao, W.N. Guo, R.H. He, X.A. He, X.S. Hu, X.F. Huang, B. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Y.H. Li, T.T. Liu, W.L. Liu, Y.Y. Liu, Z.C. Lu, X.L. Luo, T.Y. Ma, J.Q. Peng, X. Sheng, X.J. Shi, Y.H. Sun, G. Tian, K. Wang, L. Wang, R.N. Wu, Q. Xie, R.Y. Xu, J.S. Yang, L.L. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Ye, H.Y. Yu, J.H. Yu, T. Yu, H. Zhai, Q. Zhan, G.S. Zhang, Q. Zhang, R. Zhang, Y. Zhang, W.Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, Z.H. Zhou, X.Y. Zhu, S. Kakkar, J.P.S. Sawhney, P. Jadhav, R. Durgaprasad, A.G. Ravi Shankar, R.K. Rajput, K. Bhargava, R. Sarma, A. Srinivas, D. Roy, U.M. Nagamalesh, M. Chopda, R. Kishore, G. Kulkarni, P. Chandwani, R.A. Pothiwala, M. Padinhare Purayil, S. Shah, K. Chawla, V.A. Kothiwale, B. Raghuraman, G. Vijayaraghavan, V.M. Vijan, G. Bantwal, V. Bisne, A. Khan, J.B. Gupta, S. Kumar, D. Jain, S. Abraham, D. Adak, A. Barai, H. Begum, P. Bhattacharjee, M. Dargude, D. Davies, B. Deshpande, P. Dhakrao, V. Dhyani, S. Duhan, M. Earath, A. Ganatra, S. Giradkar, V. Jain, R. Karthikeyan, L. Kasala, S. Kaur, S. Krishnappa, A. Lawande, B. Lokesh, N. Madarkar, R. Meena, P. More, D. Naik, K. Prashanth, M. Rao, N.M. Rao, N. Sadhu, D. Shah, M. Sharma, P. Shiva, S. Singhal, S. Suresh, V. Vanajakshamma, S.G. Panse, Y. Koretsune, S. Kanamori, K. Yamamoto, K. Kumagai, Y. Katsuda, K. Sadamatsu, F. Toyota, Y. Mizuno, I. Misumi, H. Noguchi, S. Ando, T. Suetsugu, M. Minamoto, Hiroshi Oda, K. Shiraishi, S. Adachi, K. Chiba, H. Norita, M. Tsuruta, T. Koyanagi, H. Ando, T. Higashi, K. Okada, S. Azakami, S. Komaki, K. Kumeda, T. Murayama, J. Matsumura, Y. Oba, R. Sonoda, K. Goto, K. Minoda, Y. Haraguchi, H. Suefuji, H. Miyagi, H. Kato, Tadashi Nakamura, Tsugihiro Nakamura, H. Nandate, R. Zaitsu, Yoshihisa Fujiura, A. Yoshimura, H. Numata, J. Ogawa, H. Tatematsu, Y. Kamogawa, K. Murakami, Y. Wakasa, M. Yamasawa, H. Maekawa, S. Abe, H. Kihara, S. Tsunoda, Katsumi Saito, Kazuyuki Saito, T. Fudo, K. Obunai, H. Tachibana, I. Oba, T. Kuwahata, S. Higa, M. Gushiken, T. Eto, H. Yoshida, D. Ikeda, Yoshitake Fujiura, M. Ishizawa, M. Nakatsuka, K. Murata, C. Ogurusu, M. Shimoyama, M. Akutsu, I. Takamura, F. Hoshino, N. Yokota, T. Iwao, K. Tsuchida, M. Takeuchi, Y. Hatori, Y. Kitami, Yoichi Nakamura, R. Oyama, M. Ageta, Hiroyuki Oda, Y. Go, K. Mishima, T. Unoki, S. Morii, Yuhei Shiga, H. Sumi, T. Nagatomo, K. Sanno, K. Fujisawa, Y. Atsuchi, T. Nagoshi, T. Seto, T. Tabuchi, M. Kameko, K. Nii, K. Oshiro, H. Takezawa, S. Nagano, N. Miyamoto, M. Iwaki, Yuichiro Nakamura, M. Fujii, M. Okawa, Masahiko Abe, Masatake Abe, Mitsunori Abe, T. Saito, T. Mito, K. Nagao, J. Minami, T. Mita, I. Sakuma, T. Taguchi, S. Marusaki, H. Doi, M. Tanaka, T. Fujito, M. Matsuta, T. Kusumoto, S. Kakinoki, K. Ashida, N. Yoshizawa, J. Agata, O. Arasaki, M. Manita, M. Ikemura, S. Fukuoka, H. Murakami, S. Matsukawa, Y. Hata, T. Taniguchi, T. Ko, H. Kubo, M. Imamaki, M. Akiyama, M. Inagaki, H. Odakura, T. Ueda, Y. Katsube, A. Nakata, H. Watanabe, M. Techigawara, M. Igarashi, K. Taga, T. Kimura, S. Tomimoto, M. Shibuya, M. Nakano, K. Ito, T. Seo, S. Hiramitsu, H. Hosokawa, M. Hoshiai, M. 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Ahmad, W. Willcock, J. Cairns, S. Sathananthan, N. de Kare-Silver, A. Gilliland, E. Strieder, A. Howitt, B. Vishwanathan, N. Bird, D. Gray, M. Clark, J. Bisatt, J. Litchfield, E. Fisher, T. Fooks, A.R. Kelsall, E. Alborough, J. Wakeling, M. Parfitt, K. Milne, S. Rogers, R. Priyadharshan, J.L. Oliver, E. Davies, S. Abushal, M. Jacobs, C. Hutton, N.I. Walls, R. Thompson, C. Chigbo, S.M.A. Zaidi, M. Howard, K.C. Butter, S. Barrow, H. Little, I.U. Haq, L. Gibbons, S. Glencross, A.J. McLeod, K. Poland, C. Mulholland, A. Warke, P. Conn, G. Burns, R.N. Smith, S. Lowe, R. Kamath, H.S. Dau, J. Webster, I. Hodgins, S. Vercoe, P.C. Roome, H. Pinnock, J.R.A. Patel, A. Ali, N. Hart, R. Davies, E. Stuart, C.A. Neden, M. Danielsen, R. Heath, P. Sharma, S. Galloway, C. Hawkins, R. Oliver, M. Aylward, S. Mannion, M. Braddick, D. Edwards, A.C. Rothwell, A. Sabir, F. Choudhary, S. Khalaque, A. Wilson, S. Peters, W. Coulson, N. Roberts, A. Heer, S. Coates, B. Ward, D. Jackson, S. Walton, D. Shepherd, M. Sterry, T. Wong, M. Boon, R. Bunney, R. Haria-Shah, R.T. Baron, S. Davies, T. Schatzberger, N. Hargreaves, T. Stephenson, H. Choi, R. Batson, L. Lucraft, T. Myhill, S. Estifano, D. Geatch, J. Wilkinson, R. Veale, K. Forshaw, T. Davies, K. Zaman, P. Vinson, C. Liley, M. Bandrapalli, P. McGinty, R. Wastling, P. McEleny, A. Beattie, P. Cooke, M. Wong, J. Gunasegaram, M. Pugsley, S. Ahmad, C. A'Court, J. Ayers, J. Bennett, S. Cartwright, S. Dobson, C. Dooldeniya, A. Flynn, R. Fox, J. Goram, A. Halpin, A. Hay, P. Jacobs, L. Jeffers, L. Lomax, I. Munro, R. Muvva, M. Nadaph, K. Powell, S. Randfield, D. Redpath, R. Reed, M. Rickenbach, G. Rogers, P.B. Saunders, C. Seamark, J. Shewring, P. Simmons, H. Simper, H. Stoddart, A. Sword, N. Thomas, A. Thomson, H. Gibbs, A. Blenkhorn, B. Singh, W. Van Gaal, W. Abhayaratna, R. Lehman, P. Roberts-Thomson, J. Kilian, D. Coulshed, A. Catanchin, D. Colquhoun, H. Kiat, D. Eccleston, J. French, L. Zimmett, B. Ayres, T. Phan, P. Blombery, D. Crimmins, D. O'Donnell, A. Choi, P. Astridge, M. Arstall, N. Jepson, M. Binnekamp, A. Lee, J. Rogers, G. Starmer, P. Carroll, J. Faunt, A. Aggarwala, L. Barry, C. Batta, R. Beveridge, A. Black, M. Bonner, J. Boys, E. Buckley, M. Campo, L. Carlton, A. Connelly, B. Conway, D. Cresp, H. Dimitri, S. Dixon, M. Dolman, M. Duroux, M. Eskandari, R. Eslick, A. Ferreira-Jardim, T. Fetahovic, D. Fitzpatrick, R. Geraghty, J. Gibbs, T. Grabek, M.H. Modi, K. Hayes, M.P. Hegde, L. Hesketh, B. Hoffmann, B. Jacobson, K. Johnson, C. Juergens, I. Kassam, V. Lawlor, M. Lehman, S. Lehman, D. Leung, S. Mackay, M. MacKenzie, C. McCarthy, C. McIntosh, L. McKeon, H. Morrison, C. Mussap, J.-D. Myers, V. Nagalingam, G. Oldfield, V. O'May, J. Palmer, L. Parsons, K. Patching, T. Patching, V. Paul, M. Plotz, S. Preston, H. Rashad, M. Ratcliffe, S. Raynes, J. Rose, L. Sanders, M. Seremetkoska, H. Setio, S. Shone, P. Shrestha, C. Singh, C. Singleton, N. Stoyanov, S. Sutcliffe, K. Swaraj, J. Tarrant, S. Thompson, I.M. Tsay, M. Vorster, A. Waldman, L. Wallis, E. Wilford, K. Wong, S.J. Connolly, A. Spyropoulos, J. Eikelboom, R. Luton, M. Gupta, A.S. Pandey, S. Cheung, R. Leader, P. Beaudry, F. Ayala-Paredes, J. Berlingieri, J. Heath, G. Poirier, M. Du Preez, R. Nadeau, G. Dresser, R. Dhillon, T. Hruczkowski, B. Schweitzer, B. Coutu, P. Angaran, P. MacDonald, S. Vizel, S. Fikry, R. Parkash, A. Lavoie, J. Cha, B. Ramjattan, J. Bonet, K. Ahmad, L. Aro, T. Aves, K. Beaudry, C. Bergeron, J. Bigcanoe, N. Bignell, L. Breakwell, E. Burke, L. Carroll, B. Clarke, T. Cleveland, S. Daheb, P. Dehghani, I. Denis, Z. Djaidani, P. Dorian, S. Douglass, J. Dunnigan, A. Ewert, D. Farquhar, A. Fearon, L. Ferleyko, D. Fournier, B. Fox, M.-C. Grenier, W. Gulliver, K. Haveman, C. Hines, K. Hines, A.M. Jackson, C. Jean, G. Jethoo, R. Kahlon, S. Kelly, R. Kim, V. Korley, J. Kornder, L. Kwan, J. Largy, C. Lewis, S. Lewis, I. Mangat, R. Moor, J. Navratil, I. Neas, J. Otis, R. Otis, M. Pandey, F. Petrie, A. Pinter, M. Raines, P. Roberts, M. Robinson, G. Sas, S. Schulman, L. Snell, S. Spearson, J. Stevenson, T. Trahey, S. Wong, D. Wright, H. Ragy, A. Abd El-Aziz, S.K. Abou Seif, M.G. El Din, S. El Etriby, A. Elbahry, A. El-Etreby, M. Elkhadem, A. Katta, T. Khairy, A. Mowafy, M. Nawar, A. Ohanissian, A. Reda, M. Reda, H. Salem, N. Sami, S. Samir, M. Setiha, M. Sobhy, A. Soliman, N. Taha, M. Tawfik, E. Zaatout, D. Kettles, J. Bayat, H. Siebert, A. Horak, Y. Kelfkens, R. Garda, T. Pillay, M. Guerra, L. van Zyl, H. Theron, A. Murray, R. Louw, D. Greyling, P. Mntla, V. Ueckermann, R. Loghdey, S. Ismail, F. Ahmed, J. Engelbrecht, A. Ramdass, S. Maharajh, W. Oosthuysen, G. Angel, C. Bester, M. Booysen, C. Boshoff, C. Cannon, S. Cassimjee, C. Chami, G. Conway, A. Davids, L. de Meyer, G. Du Plessis, T. Ellis, L. Henley, M. Karsten, E. Loyd, J. Marks, L. Mavhusa, M. Mostert, A. Page, L. Rikhotso, M. Salie, J. Sasto, F. Shaik, A. Skein, L. Smith, G. Tarr, T. Tau, F. van Zyl, W. Al Mahmeed, G. Yousef, A. Agrawal, M. Nathani, M. Ibrahim, E.M. Esheiba, R. Singh, A. Naguib, M. Abu-Mahfouz, M. Al Omairi, A. Al Naeemi, R. Maruthanayagam, N. Bazargani, A. Wassef, R. Gupta, M. Khan, B. Subbaraman, A. Abdul, A. Al Mulla, S. El Bardisy, P. Haridas, S. Jadhav, K. Magdaluyo, M. Makdad, I. Maqsood, R. Mohamed, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, M. Thanzeel, S.Z. Goldhaber, R. Canosa, P. Rama, E. Blumberg, J. Garcia, P. Mullen, V. Wilson, A. Quick, K. Ferrick, W.M. Kutayli, M. Cox, M. Franco, S. Falkowski, R. Mendelson, M. Williams, S. Miller, S. Beach, A. Alfieri, T. Gutowski, I. Haque, R. Reddy, W. Ahmed, P. Delafontaine, D. Diercks, D. Theodoro, K. Remmel, M. Alberts, R. Ison, H. Noveck, P. Duffy, S. Pitta, D. Nishijima, C. Treasure, N. Asafu-Adjaye, K. Ball, M. Bartlett, M. Bentley, S. Bowers, A. Brown, A. Browne, J. Cameron-Watts, M. Canova, D. Cassidy, K. Cervellione, S. Congal, J. DePauw, A. Dickerson, M. Eley, L. Evans, S. Felpel, K. Ferdinand, D. Fielder, P. Gentry, A. Haideri, F. Hakimi, T. Harbour, E. Hartranft, B. Hawkins, M. Headlee, L. Henson, C. Herrick, T. Hicks, S. Jasinski, A. Jones, L. Jones, P. Jones, S. Karl, M. Keeling, J. Kerr, P. Knowles, J. Langdon, M. Lay, J.A. Lee, T. Lincoln, E. Malone, A. Merliss, D. Merritt, J. Minardo, B. Mooso, C. Orosco, V. Palumbo, M. Parker, T. Parrott, S. Paserchia, G. Pearl, J. Peterson, N. Pickelsimer, T. Purcell, J. Raynor, S. Raziano, C. Richard, T. Richardson, C. Robertson, A. Sage, T. Sanghera, P. Shaw, J. Shoemaker, K. Smith, B. Stephanie, A. Thatcher, H. Theobald, N. Thompson, L. Treasure, T. Tripti, C. Verdi, and V. Worthy

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. Methods and results: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012–2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P

Published
2018
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32. A Novel Surface-Independent Textile Fully Woven UHF RFID Tag

Author

Samuel Ver Hoeye, Miguel Fernandez, Leticia Alonso, Carlos Vazquez Antuna, Pascal Ghekiere, and Javier Ardura Casas

Subjects
RFID tag, Antennas, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Textile technology
Abstract

In this work, a UHF broadband surfaceindependent textile fully woven radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is presented. The antenna is composed of two stacked multilayer fabric pieces in which the shaped conductive and dielectric surfaces are part of the woven structure. In addition, a novel technique for the integration of the RFID chip in the woven structure was developed, providing a maximum integration level and making possible the manufacturing of the tag in a single step using conventional machinery from the textile industry. A tag prototype was experimentally characterized, showing a 12.5 m read range under a ±60 × ±60º angular range, when using a circularly polarized interrogator device with 35.2 dBm effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP)., European Commission EUROSTARS Program, con contrato E!11802 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN)/Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), con proyectos PID2021-126301NA-I00 y EQC2019-005768-P; Gobierno del Principado de Asturias (PCTI), FEDER con proyectos AYUD/2021/51706, IDI/2016/000372, IDI/2017/000083, IDI/2018/000191, y IDI/2021/000207; Universidad de Oviedo, con proyecto GR-2010-0015.

Published
2022

34. Three-dimensional echocardiography of the athlete’s heart: a comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

Author

De Bosscher, Ruben, Claeys, Mathias, Dausin, Christoph, Goetschalckx, Kaatje, Claus, Piet, Herbots, Lieven, Ghekiere, Olivier, Van De Heyning, Caroline, Paelinck, Bernard, Janssens, Kristel, Wright, Leah, Flannery, Michael Darragh, La Gerche, Andre, Willems, Rik, Heidbüchel, Hein, Bogaert, Jan, Claessen, Guido, and Pro@Heart Consortium

Subjects
Computer. Automation, Human medicine
Abstract

Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) is the most accurate cardiac ultrasound technique to assess cardiac structure. 3DE has shown close correlation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in various populations. There is limited data on the accuracy of 3DE in athletes and its value in detecting alterations during follow-up. Indexed left and right ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDVi, RVEDVi), end-systolic volume, ejection fraction (LVEF, RVEF) and left ventricular mass (LVMi) were assessed by 3DE and CMR in two-hundred and one competitive endurance athletes (79% male) from the Pro@Heart trial. Sixty-four athletes were assessed at 2 year follow-up. Linear regression and Bland-Altman analyses compared 3DE and CMR at baseline and follow-up. Interquartile analysis evaluated the agreement as cardiac volumes and mass increase. 3DE showed strong correlation with CMR (LVEDVi r = 0.91, LVEF r = 0.85, LVMi r = 0.84, RVEDVi r = 0.84, RVEF r = 0.86 p < 0.001). At follow up, the percentage change by 3DE and CMR were similar ( increment LVEDVi r = 0.96 bias - 0.3%, increment LVEF r = 0.94, bias 0.7%, increment LVMi r = 0.94 bias 0.8%, increment RVESVi r = 0.93, bias 1.2%, increment RVEF r = 0.87 bias 0.4%). 3DE underestimated volumes (LVEDVi bias - 18.5 mL/m(2), RVEDVi bias - 25.5 mL/m(2)) and the degree of underestimation increased with larger dimensions (Q1vsQ4 LVEDVi relative bias - 14.5 versus - 17.4%, p = 0.016; Q1vsQ4 RVEDVi relative bias - 17 versus - 21.9%, p = 0.005). Measurements of cardiac volumes, mass and function by 3DE correlate well with CMR and 3DE accurately detects changes over time. 3DE underestimates volumes and the relative bias increases with larger cardiac size.

Published
2022

36. Lifelong endurance exercise and its relation with coronary atherosclerosis

Author

De Bosscher, R, Dausin, C, Claus, P, Bogaert, J, Dymarkowski, S, Goetschalckx, K, Ghekiere, O, Van De Heyning, CM, Van Herck, P, Paelinck, B, El Addouli, H, La Gerche, A, Herbots, L, Willems, R, Heidbuchel, H, Claessen, G, Claeys, M, Hespel, P, Dresselaers, T, Miljoen, H, Belmans, A, Favere, Kasper, Vermeulen, D, Witvrouwen, I, Hansen, D, Eijnde, Bert Op't, Thijs, D, Vanvoorden, P, Van Soest, S, Master@Heart, Consortium, Master@Heart Consortium, Willems, Rik/0000-0002-5469-9609, Dausin, Christophe/0000-0001-7864-2968, Van de Heyning, Caroline/0000-0002-4661-4732, De Bosscher, Ruben, Dausin, Christophe, Claus, Piet, Bogaert, Jan, Dymarkowski, Steven, Goetschalckx, Kaatje, GHEKIERE, Olivier, van de Heyning, Caroline M., Van Herck, Paul, Paelinck, Bernard, El Addouli, Haroun, La Gerche, Andre, HERBOTS, Lieven, Willems , Rik, HEIDBUCHEL, Hein, CLAESSEN, Guido, Claeys, Mathias, Hespel, Peter, Dresselaers, Tom, Miljoen, Hielko, Belmans, Ann, Favere, Kasper, Vermeulen, Dorien, Witvrouwen, Isabel, HANSEN, Dominique, OP 'T EIJNDE, Bert, Thijs, Daisy, Vanvoorden, Peter, and Van Soest , Sofie

Subjects
Medicine and Health Sciences, Athlete's heart, Human medicine, Athlete’s heart, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Coronary artery disease, Exercise, Computed tomography coronary angiography
Abstract

Aims The impact of long-term endurance sport participation (on top of a healthy lifestyle) on coronary atherosclerosis and acute cardiac events remains controversial. Methods and results The Master@Heart study is a well-balanced prospective observational cohort study. Overall, 191 lifelong master endurance athletes, 191 late-onset athletes (endurance sports initiation after 30 years of age), and 176 healthy non-athletes, all male with a low cardiovascular risk profile, were included. Peak oxygen uptake quantified fitness. The primary endpoint was the prevalence of coronary plaques (calcified, mixed, and non-calcified) on computed tomography coronary angiography. Analyses were corrected for multiple cardiovascular risk factors. The median age was 55 (50-60) years in all groups. Lifelong and late-onset athletes had higher peak oxygen uptake than non-athletes [159 (143-177) vs. 155 (138-169) vs. 122 (108-138) % predicted]. Lifelong endurance sports was associated with having >= 1 coronary plaque [odds ratio (OR) 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-2.94], >= 1 proximal plaque (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.24-3.11), >= 1 calcified plaques (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.01-2.49), >= 1 calcified proximal plaque (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.28-3.35), >= 1 non-calcified plaque (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.12-3.40), >= 1 non-calcified proximal plaque (OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.39-5.65), and >= 1 mixed plaque (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.06-2.99) as compared to a healthy non-athletic lifestyle. Conclusion Lifelong endurance sport participation is not associated with a more favourable coronary plaque composition compared to a healthy lifestyle. Lifelong endurance athletes had more coronary plaques, including more non-calcified plaques in proximal segments, than fit and healthy individuals with a similarly low cardiovascular risk profile. Longitudinal research is needed to reconcile these findings with the risk of cardiovascular events at the higher end of the endurance exercise spectrum. [GRAPHICS] . This study is supported by a research grant (T003717N) and R.W. is supported as a post-doctoral clinical researcher by the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO Vlaanderen), Brussels, Belgium The authors would like to thank the many staff members at the three sites for helping conduct this study. We would particularly like to thank the clinical research assistants Sofie van Soest, Dorien Vermeulen, and Daisy Thijs for their dedication and devoted efforts to include, test, and follow up participants. We would like to thank Ann Belmans for calculating the sample size and statistical advice. We would also like to thank Kris Van der Mieren (Sport- en keuringsartsen), Tom Teuglinckx (Sport- en keuringsartsen), Reynout Van Schuylenbergh (Triatlon Vlaanderen), Frank Glorieux (Cycling Vlaanderen), Paul Rowe (Sport Vlaanderen), Gert Van Goolen (Golazo), and Sven Nys (Golazo and godfather of Master@Heart) as members of the advisory committee for their insightful input on the design, the launch, and approach of the Master@Heart study.

Published
2023

37. Which physical and social environmental factors are most important for adolescents’ cycling for transport? An experimental study using manipulated photographs

Author

Hannah Verhoeven, Ariane Ghekiere, Jelle Van Cauwenberg, Delfien Van Dyck, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Peter Clarys, and Benedicte Deforche

Subjects
Youth, Micro-environmental factors, Distance, Co-participation in cycling, Physical environment, Social environment, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Ecological models emphasize that cycling for transport is determined by an interplay between individual, physical and social environmental factors. The current study investigated (a) which physical and social environmental factors determine adolescents’ preferences towards cycling for transport and (b) which individual, physical and social environmental factors are associated with their intention to actually cycle for transport. Methods An online questionnaire consisting of questions on individual and social environmental variables, and 15 choice-based conjoint tasks with manipulated photographs was completed by 882 adolescents (55.3% male; 13.9 ± 1.6 years). Within the choice tasks, participants were asked to indicate which of two situations they would prefer to cycle to a friend’s house. The manipulated photographs were all modified versions of one semi-urban street which differed in the following physical micro-environmental attributes (separation of cycle path, evenness of cycle path, speed limit, speed bump, traffic density, amount of vegetation and maintenance). In addition, each photograph was accompanied by two sentences which described varying cycling distances and co-participation in cycling (i.e. cycling alone or with a friend). After each choice task participants were also asked if they would actually cycle in that situation in real life (i.e. intention). Hierarchical Bayes analyses were performed to calculate relative importances and part-worth utilities of environmental attributes. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate which individual, physical and social environmental factors were associated with adolescents’ intention to actually cycle for transport. Results Adolescents’ preference to cycle for transport was predominantly determined by separation of cycle path, followed by shorter cycling distance and co-participation in cycling. Higher preferences were observed for a separation between the cycle path and motorized traffic by means of a hedge versus a curb, versus a marked line. Similar findings were observed for intention to cycle. Furthermore, evenness of the cycle path and general maintenance of the street were also of considerable importance among adolescents, but to a lesser extent. Conclusions Results of this experimental study justify investment by local governments in well-separated cycling infrastructure, which seemed to be more important than cycling distance and the social environment.

Published
2017
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42. Using an audit tool (MAPS Global) to assess the characteristics of the physical environment related to walking for transport in youth: reliability of Belgian data

Author

Griet Vanwolleghem, Ariane Ghekiere, Greet Cardon, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Sara D’Haese, Carrie M. Geremia, Matthieu Lenoir, James F. Sallis, Hannah Verhoeven, and Delfien Van Dyck

Subjects
Google street view, Physical activity, Walking routes, Children, Built environment, Walking for transport, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract

Abstract Background The aim was to examine inter-rater and alternate-form reliability of the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS) Global tool to assess the physical environment along likely walking routes in Belgium. Methods For 65 children participating in the BEPAS-children study, routes between their individual homes and the nearest pre-defined destination were defined. Using MAPS Global, physical environmental characteristics of the routes were audited by 4 trained auditors (2 on-site, 2 online using Google Street View). Inter-rater reliability was studied for on-site and online ratings separately. Alternate-form reliability was examined by comparing on-site with online ratings. Results Inter-rater reliability for on-site ratings was acceptable for 68% of items (kappa range 0.03–1.00) and for online ratings for 60% of items (kappa range −0.03 to 1.00). Acceptable alternate-form reliability was reported for 60% of items (kappa range −0.01 to 1.00/r range 0.31–1.00). Conclusions MAPS Global can be used to assess the physical environment of potential walking routes. For areas where Google Street View imagery is widely covered and often updated, MAPS Global can be completed online.

Published
2016
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46. Is labour market discrimination against ethnic minorities better explained by taste or statistics? A systematic review of the empirical evidence

Author

Louis Lippens, Stijn Baert, Abel Ghekiere, Pieter-Paul Verhaeghe, Eva Derous, Sociology, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School, Brussels Interdisciplinary Research centre on Migration and Minorities, and Interface Demography

Subjects
History, Polymers and Plastics, J23, Social Sciences, IMMIGRANTS, HIRING DISCRIMINATION, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Sociology, systematic review, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), IMPLICIT, CRIMINAL RECORDS, ddc:330, EMPLOYMENT, RACIAL-DISCRIMINATION, Business and International Management, FIELD EXPERIMENT, race, METAANALYSIS, J71, Demography, J15, statistical discrimination, labour market, labour market, systematic review, taste-based discrimination, EXPERIENCE, ethnicity, JOB APPLICANTS
Abstract

To mitigate ethnic labour market discrimination, it is essential to understand its underlying mechanisms because different mechanisms call for different counteracting measures. To this end, we reviewed the recent literature that confronts the theories of taste-based and statistical discrimination against the empirical reality. Whereas the empirical evidence for both mechanisms is generally mixed, (field) experimental research, which predominantly focuses on hiring outcomes, appears to yield proportionately more evidence in favour of taste-based discrimination vis-a-vis statistical discrimination. This finding suggests that the taste-based mechanism may better explain ethnic discrimination in hiring. However, we also observe that the measurement operationalisations of the mechanisms vary substantially between studies and that alternative theoretical interpretations of some of the evidence are plausible. Taken together, additional research efforts, using clear measurement standards and appropriate synthesis methods, are required to solidify the review's main finding.

Published
2022

49. Differences in environmental preferences towards cycling for transport among adults: a latent class analysis

Author

Lieze Mertens, Jelle Van Cauwenberg, Ariane Ghekiere, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Benedicte Deforche, Nico Van de Weghe, and Delfien Van Dyck

Subjects
Built environment, Biking, Adulthood, Subgroup, Photographs, Transport, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Increasing cycling for transport can contribute to improve public health among adults. Micro-environmental factors (i.e. small-scaled street-setting features) may play an important role in affecting the street’s appeal to cycle for transport. Understanding about the interplay between individuals and their physical environment is important to establish tailored environmental interventions. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine whether specific subgroups exist based on similarities in micro-environmental preferences to cycle for transport. Methods Responses of 1950 middle-aged adults (45–65 years) on a series of choice tasks depicting potential cycling routes with manipulated photographs yielded three subgroups with different micro-environmental preferences using latent class analysis. Results Although latent class analysis revealed three different subgroups in the middle-aged adult population based on their environmental preferences, results indicated that cycle path type (i.e. a good separated cycle path) is the most important environmental factor for all participants and certainly for individuals who did not cycle for transport. Furthermore, only negligible differences were found between the importances of the other micro-environmental factors (i.e. traffic density, evenness of the cycle path, maintenance, vegetation and speed limits) regarding the two at risk subgroups and that providing a speed bump obviously has the least impact on the street’s appeal to cycle for transport. Conclusions Results from the current study indicate that only negligible differences were found between the three subgroups. Therefore, it might be suggested that tailored environmental interventions are not required in this research context.

Published
2016
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