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Abstract Recently, extensions of the gamma and beta functions have been studied due to their appealing properties and wide range of applications in various scientific fields. This note aims to investigate generalized inequalities associated with the extended beta and gamma functions.

Abstract Background Factor XII deficiency can be related to either homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the F12 gene. The disease is commonly known as Hageman trait and is inherited in both autosomal recessive or dominant patterns. Clinically, factor XII deficiency is not associated with bleeding but conversely has been linked to thrombotic events, recurrent pregnancy loss, and hereditary angioedema. Molecular data of F12 deficiency are scarce and have revealed varying results between cases. However, most of the reported variants are missense mutations, gross deletions, or small insertion. Factor XII deficiency has been reported in the Saudi population in several studies, either as isolated case reports or included within the studies of rare bleeding factors deficiency. However, molecular data are lacking as no case report of genetic studies related to factor XII deficiency has been published in our local population, to the best of our knowledge. Case report Herein we describe a homozygous missense variant involving exon 12 within F12 gene (5:176,830,269 G>A; p.Gly506Asp) in a 36-year-old Saudi multiparous female referred from the surgical clinic with significantly high activated partial thromboplastin time during preoperative assessment for sleeve gastrectomy. The patient had no history of bleeding episodes during the previous deliveries nor any tooth extractions. She had single event of spontaneous abortion during the 15th week of gestation without any bleeding complication. There was no history of thrombosis or skin manifestations, and she was not taking any medicines. There was no family history of bleeding or thrombosis. Family history revealed consanguinity as the parents are first-degree cousins. Physical examination was unremarkable. Upon investigation, the prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time was fully corrected by a 1:1 mixing study with normal pool plasma while lupus anticoagulant tests were negative. Factor assays and von Willebrand factor tests are all within normal ranges except for factor XII, which was severely deficient. A homozygous missense variant involving exon 12 within F12 gene (5:176,830,269 G>A; p.Gly506Asp) was identified. Conclusion F12 (5:176,830,269 G>A; p.Gly506Asp) variant is likely to be a pathogenic variant among homozygous factor XII-deficient patients. Genetic counseling and management of the patients and families should be based on clinical evaluation.

Background: Osteosarcoma, a primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents, frequently metastasizes to the lungs, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Lung Metastases: At diagnosis, 15–20% of patients present with detectable lung metastases. Chest computed tomography (CT) is vital for the early detection and monitoring of these metastases. Lung involvement typically presents as multiple nodules of varying sizes and can include atypical features such as cavitation, cystic lesions, ground-glass halos, intravascular tumor thrombi, and endobronchial disease. Additional Findings: Pleural metastasis often occurs alongside pulmonary disease, and complications like spontaneous pneumothorax may arise. Additional findings may include thoracic lymphadenopathy, cardiac tumor thrombus, and chest wall deposits. Conclusion: Familiarity with these imaging patterns is essential for radiologists to ensure timely diagnosis and effective management. This review highlights the critical role of chest CT in detecting and characterizing osteosarcoma metastasis.

Proteinuria is a manifestation of sickle cell anemia (SCA)-related renal disease and is a risk factor of renal impairment. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have benefits, but their role in SCA remains undefined. This study aimed to assess the role of lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, in reducing proteinuria in SCA patients. Thirty-five patients older than 15 years with known SCA (HbSS or HbS-β0) and a 24-h urinary protein level of 150 mg or more participated in this study. Urine was collected over 24 h to quantify proteinuria. The patients had a mean age of 28.5 ± 6.98 years. The median 24-h urinary protein before treatment was 0.3006 g and that after treatment was 0.150 g (P = 0.01). After a median follow-up of 38 months, 24-h urinary protein decreased in 27 (77%) patients and normalized in 18 (52%) patients. Urinary protein increased in 2 (6%) patients and remained stable (no change) in 6 (17%) patients. There was no significant difference in blood pressure (BP) before and after treatment. The average dose of lisinopril was 5 mg. Twenty patients were still on lisinopril at last follow-up. The reasons for stopping lisinopril included normalization of protein, noncompliance, adverse effects, and pregnancy. Lisinopril effectively reduced proteinuria in SCA patients, without significantly reducing BP. Only a few patients developed adverse effects, including coughing, dizziness, and diarrhea. It is unclear how long lisinopril should be continued and whether it can be stopped in patients with normalized urinary protein.

Mechanical properties of fine grain nanocomposites differ from those of conventional composites due to the in situ effect caused by the addition of nanoparticle reinforcement and the complexity of strengthening mechanisms, which make their prediction using conventional analytical and numerical model is relatively difficult. Therefore, this work presents a rapid reliable machine learning model based on long-short term memory model modified with beluga whale optimizer to predict the mechanical properties of ultrafine grain Al-TiO2 nanocomposite manufactured using accumulative roll bonding (ARB). The mechanical properties were evaluated using tensile tests and correlated with the composite microstructure and hardness. Experimentally, it was demonstrated that the tensile strength increases with increasing the number of ARB passes until a plateau was achieved due to the uniform distribution of TiO2 nanoparticles inside the composite and the saturation of grain refinement in the Al matrix. The maximum tensile achieved was 270 MPa for composite containing 3% TiO2 nanoparticles after 5 ARB passes compared to 90.5 MPa for the raw Al. The proposed model was able to predict the yield and ultimate strengths, elongation, and hardness for all the produced composites tested with excellent accuracy reaching R2 equal 0.9955, 0.9952, 0.9859, and 0.9975, respectively, which is way better than other models.

In this paper, we derive some classical and fractional properties of the rRs matrix function by using the Hilfer fractional operator. The theory of special matrix functions is the theory of those matrices that correspond to special matrix functions such as the gamma, beta, and Gauss hypergeometric matrix functions. We will also show the relationship with other generalized special matrix functions in the context of the Konhauser and Laguerre matrix polynomials.

This research work aims to fabricate the Al-4 wt.% SiC nanocomposite using the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) technique. Moreover, a finite element model based on real microstructure representative volume element representation and cohesive zone modeling was developed to predict the mechanical response of the produced composites. The results demonstrated that SiC particles were homogenously distributed inside the Al matrix after five passes. The tensile strength and hardness were improved by increasing the number of ARB passes. The microhardness of an Al-4%SiC composite subjected to five ARB passes was increased to 67 HV compared to 53 HV for Al sheets subjected to the same rolling process. Moreover, owing to greater bonding and grain refinement, tensile strength was increased by a factor of three compared to pure Al. The result of the proposed micro-model successfully predicts the experimentally obtained results of the Al–SiC macro composite. The numerically obtained stress–strain curve was comparable with the experimental one. The results also showed that the size of the used RVE was significantly influential in the prediction of the stress–strain behavior.

This paper presents a machine learning model to predict the effect of Al2O3 nanoparticles content on the wear rates in Cu-Al2O3 nanocomposite prepared using in situ chemical technique. The model developed is a modification of the random vector functional link (RVFL) algorithm using artificial hummingbird algorithm (AHA). The objective of using AHA is used to find the optimal configuration of RVFL to enhance the prediction of Al2O3 nanoparticles. The preparation of the composite was done using aluminum nitrate that was added to a solution containing scattered copper nitrate. After that, the powders of CuO and Al2O3 were obtained, and the leftover liquid was removed using a thermal treatment at 850 °C for 1 h. The powders were consolidated using compaction and sintering processes. The microhardness of the nanocomposite with 12.5% Al2O3 content is 2.03-fold times larger than the pure copper, while the wear rate of the same composite is reduced, reaching 55% lower than pure copper. These improved properties are attributed to the presence of Al2O3 nanoparticles and their homogenized distributions inside the matrix. The developed RVFl-AHA model was able to predict the wear rates of all the prepared composites at different wear load and speed, with very good accuracy, reaching nearly 100% and 99.5% using training and testing, respectively, in terms of coefficient of determination R2.

This paper presents a machine learning model to predict the effect of Al2O3 nanoparticle content on the coefficient of thermal expansion in Cu-Al2O3 nanocomposites prepared using an in situ chemical technique. The model developed is a modification of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) using dwarf mongoose optimization (DMO), which mimics the behavior of DMO to find its food for predicting the behavior of the composite. The swarm of DMO consists of three groups, namely the alpha group, scouts, and babysitters. Each group has its own behavior to capture the food. The preparation of the nanocomposite was performed using aluminum nitrate that was added to a solution containing scattered copper nitrate. After that, the powders of CuO and Al2O3 were obtained, and the leftover liquid was removed using thermal treatment at 850 °C for 1 h. The powders were consolidated using compaction and sintering processes. The impact of Al2O3 contents on the thermal properties of the Cu-Al2O3 nanocomposite was investigated. The results showed that the Thermal Expansion Coefficient (TEC) decreases with increasing Al2O3 content due to the increased precipitation of Al2O3 nanoparticles at the grain boundaries of the Cu matrix. Moreover, the good interfacial bonding between Al2O3 and the Cu may participate in this decrease in TEC. The proposed machine learning model was able to predict the TEC of all the produced composites with different Al2O3 content and was tested at different temperatures with very good accuracy, reaching 99%.

Asymmetric planing hulls are often used on high-speed catamarans. In this study, a linearized potential-flow method is applied for modeling steady hydrodynamics of single asymmetric hulls and their catamaran setups. Numerical results are validated with available experimental data and empirical correlations. Parametric calculation results are presented for the lift coefficient and the center of pressure for variable hull geometry, spacings, and speed regimes. The lift coefficient is found to increase at smaller hull spacings and decrease at higher Froude numbers and higher deadrise angles.

Various k-special functions such as k-gamma function, k-beta function and k-hypergeometric functions have been introduced and investigated. Recently, the k-gamma function of a matrix argument and k-beta function of matrix arguments have been presented and studied. In this paper, we aim to introduce an extended k-gamma function of a matrix argument and an extended k-beta function of matrix arguments and investigate some of their properties such as functional relations, inequality, integral formula, and integral representations. Also an application of the extended k-beta function of matrix arguments to statistics is considered.

A Recent research on adenoviruses has mainly concentrated on their potential as vectors for gene therapy and vaccines, with less attention given to their evolutionary patterns and genome stability. Traditional typing methods, which rely on serological assays, have proven inadequate for classifying adenoviruses due to their genetic diversity. To address this, sequencing is often limited to key regions such as the hexon and fiber genes. However, recent studies suggest that relying solely on these regions may not fully capture the genetic landscape of adenoviruses. Notably, multiple recombination events have been identified within the adenovirus genome, raising concerns about the reliability of partial sequencing approaches for precise typing. In this study, we sequenced the penton gene in nine adenovirus isolates with previously characterized hexon and fiber types. Our analysis revealed that six of these isolates had penton sequences distinct from their assigned hexon and fiber types, suggesting recombination between adenovirus types. Additionally, four of these isolates displayed penton gene sequences that diverged significantly from known adenovirus types. Further examination uncovered potential recombination within the penton gene itself, particularly between the hypervariable region and the RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) loop. These findings underscore the high prevalence of recombination in species D adenoviruses, not only between the hexon, fiber, and penton genes but also within the penton gene itself. This points to the limitations of hexon/fiber typing alone and emphasizes the need for full-genome sequencing to ensure accurate adenovirus classification. These insights are critical for advancing adenovirus-based vector development, as they contribute to a better understanding of adenovirus genetic stability and evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child labour has emerged as a serious, widespread and rapid growing problem in many parts of the world. Child labour is a socio-economic issue, which not only wrecks the social growth but also damages the moral fabrics of our society. The on hand paper not only highlights this very issue but also have a close look at its major inverse affect on Universalization of Primary Education (one of the MDGs). The main reason for child labour in many countries, particularly in third world nations is lack of education which is mainly caused by poverty, location, child status, family status and teacher's behaviour etc. This paper attempts to assess the causes and effects of child Labour and its impact on Universalization of primary education at district Bannu. This study was descriptive in nature. Population of this study was comprised of all the male (1688) and female teachers (1251) i.e. 2939 teachers teaching at primary level and all the parents/ guardians i.e. 992 of the child labourers at district Bannu KPK, Pakistan. The sample of the study in case of teachers was 147 @ 5% while that of parents/guardians of child labourers was 100 @ 10%. A self developed questionnaire for teachers from where children have dropout and preferred to labour/work and also a structured questionnaire for those parents/guardians whose children were engaged in some sort of work/labour from the very beginning and have not been enrolled in any educational institution/school was distributed to know their perceptions regarding child labour and Universalization of primary education. This study was guided by these objectives: to compare the views of teachers about students preferring to child labour due to non availability of Govt schools near to their homes in rural & urban areas of District Bannu. to compare the views of teachers about students preferring to child labour due to increasing mode of educational expenses working in rural & urban areas of District Bannu. to compare the views of teachers regarding students preferring to child labour due to family members pressure not to attend the school in rural & urban areas of District Bannu, to compare the teacher perceptions for students prefer to child labour due to physical disability problems in rural & urban areas of District Bannu. To compare the teacher's perceptions regarding student preferences for child labour due to behavior of teachers in rural & urban areas of District Bannu and to suggest some measures to decrease Child Labour and to Universalize Primary Education at district Bannu in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. To obtain the most appropriate and accurate results from the collected data, the coded questionnaire was analyzed through SPSS (V-23) in terms of percentage, frequencies, descriptive analysis, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, Regression, Correlation, chi square and ttest was used for the analysis by the researcher.

Background: Osteosarcoma, a primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents, frequently metastasizes to the lungs, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Lung Metastases: At diagnosis, 15–20% of patients present with detectable lung metastases. Chest computed tomography (CT) is vital for the early detection and monitoring of these metastases. Lung involvement typically presents as multiple nodules of varying sizes and can include atypical features such as cavitation, cystic lesions, ground-glass halos, intravascular tumor thrombi, and endobronchial disease. Additional Findings: Pleural metastasis often occurs alongside pulmonary disease, and complications like spontaneous pneumothorax may arise. Additional findings may include thoracic lymphadenopathy, cardiac tumor thrombus, and chest wall deposits. Conclusion: Familiarity with these imaging patterns is essential for radiologists to ensure timely diagnosis and effective management. This review highlights the critical role of chest CT in detecting and characterizing osteosarcoma metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of digital technologies and AI into healthcare has revolutionized family medicine, enhancing the quality of primary care, improving health outcomes, and easing the burden on family physicians. As the cornerstone of primary healthcare, digital technologies and AI such as telemedicine, AI-powered diagnostic tools, clinical decision support systems, and predictive analytics have enhanced the role and functions of family medicine in improving the overall health of the community. In Saudi Arabia, population growth and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases have increased the demand for primary care services, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital technologies such as telemedicine and AI-powered health management platforms are improving patient access to care, enhancing physicianpatient relationships, and contributing to more efficient disease prevention and management strategies. Furthermore, AI enhancing diagnostic accuracy and personalized treatment plans, while predictive analytics has enabled early identification of at-risk populations. This review explores the potential of digital technologies and AI to transform family medicine by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, improving treatment outcomes, managing chronic conditions, and addressing public health needs. It also discusses the future impacts of these technologies, including their role in reducing healthcare costs, enhancing patient education, and reducing healthcare provider burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main object of this paper is to deduce the bibasic Humbert functions Ξ1 and Ξ2 Some interesting results and elementary summations technique that was successfully employed, q–recursion, q–derivatives relations, the q–differential recursion relations, the q–integral representations for Ξ1 and Ξ2 are given. The summation formula derives a list of p–analogues of transformation formulas for bibasic Humbert functions that have been studied, also some hypergeometric functions properties of some new interesting special cases have been given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]