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Background: Heart Failure (HF) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) often coexist, and each condition independently increases the likelihood of developing the other. While there has been concern regarding the increasing burden of disease for both conditions individually over the last decade, a comprehensive examination of mortality trends and demographic and regional disparities needs to be thoroughly explored in the United States (US). Methods: This study analyzed death certificates from the CDC WONDER database, focusing on mortality caused by the co-occurrence of HF and DM in adults aged 75 and older from 1999 to 2020. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) and annual percent changes (APCs) were computed and categorized by year, gender, race, census region, state, and metropolitan status. Results: A total of 663,016 deaths were reported in patients with coexisting HF and DM. Overall, AAMR increased from 154.1 to 186.1 per 100,000 population between 1999 and 2020, with a notable significant increase from 2018 to 2020 (APC: 11.30). Older men had consistently higher AAMRs than older women (185 vs. 135.4). Furthermore, we found that AAMRs were highest among non-Hispanic (NH) American Indian or Alaskan natives and lowest in NH Asian or Pacific Islanders (214.4 vs. 104.1). Similarly, AAMRs were highest in the Midwestern region and among those dwelling in non-metropolitan areas. Conclusions: Mortality from HF and DM has risen significantly in recent years, especially among older men, NH American Indian or Alaska Natives, and those in non-metropolitan areas. Urgent policies need to be developed to address these disparities and promote equitable healthcare access.

Abstract The temperature dependent thermophysical fluid properties have numerous aspects in different industries and engineering processes in which heat transmission is based on fluid flow. For such heat transmission processes, heat transmission system is highly fluctuated with variation of viscosity. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the transfer of heat in magnetized Carreau fluid with chemical reaction and under influence of thermal radiation over nonlinear stretching/shrinking surface. Additionally, we have incorporated variable heat dependent thermophysical properties to analyze the heat transfer in magnetized Carreau fluid. Set of flow governing non linear PDE’s are obtained using Carreau fluid tensor and boundary layer approximation (BLA) theory. Dimensionless set of ODE’s are obtained using suitable similarity transforms. Shooting method in conjunction with Newton's method have been utilized to solve the problem. It is noted that when stretching $$B\ge 0$$ B ≥ 0 is significant with strictly increasing mass suction $$S$$ S shear stress rate increase with minor levels and sharp increase has been observed in Nusselt number, whereas in shrinking case $$B

The flow of viscous nanofluid with heat and mass transmission above a porous flat surface in the existence of a constant magnetic field is addressed in this article. Brownian motion, Thermophoresis, and viscous dissipation are all taken into account. The motion is described by a system of equations that are transformed into conventional non-linear differential equations by appropriate transformations and then tackled numerically using the boundary value problem approach at MATLAB. The convergence criterion for the solution is 10−6. The found solutions are functions of the problem's physical properties. The effects of different study parameters for velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are explored through graphs and tables. An increase in the Prandtl number increases the Sherwood and Nusselt number while Brownian motion reduces the Sherwood number. Viscoelastic parameter increases the skin friction and decreases the nusselt number.

This study is aimed to explore the magneto-hydrodynamic Carreau fluid flow over a stretching/shrinking surface with a convectively heated boundary. Temperature-dependent variable thermophysical properties are utilized to formulate the problem. The flow governing equations are obtained with boundary layer approximation and constitutive relation of the Carreau fluid. The shooting method is utilized to obtain graphical and numeric outcomes. Additionally, initial guesses are generated with the help of Newton’s method. The effect of Weissenberg number, Magnetization, stretching ratio, Prandtl number, suction/blowing parameter, and Lewis number is obtained on velocity, temperature and species continuity profile and analyzed. Shear stress rates and Nusselt number outcomes under body forces influences are present in tabulated data and discussed. It is observed that in absence of magnetization force, B = 0 and strong mass suction 5≤S≤7.5 effect high rates of Nusselt number is obtained. It is concluded that under the influence of power law index and non-linearity parameter maximum heat transfer and reduced shear stress rates are obtained.

يستهدف البحث تسليط الضوء على الائتمان المصرفي وقياس دوره في الناتج المحلي الاجمالي، وتنبع اهمية الدراسة من خلال ما تقدمه المصارف من ائتمانيات سواء كانت على شكل قروض أو تسهيلات ائتمانية لتشجيع القطاع الزراعي وتطويره من خلال ما تقدمه تلك القروض من شراء الآلات والمكائن والبذور المحسنة وإنشاء البنية التحتية من اجل تنمية القطاع الزراعي في العراق. وقد تم استخدام اسلوب التحليل القياسي لمتغيرات الدراسة باستخدام نموذج (ARDL) إذ توصلت ان هناك علاقة طردية ومعنوية في الاجل القصير بين الائتمان المصرفي والناتج المحلي الاجمالي وعلاقة غير معنوية في الاجل الطويل بين المتغيرين. وان الانموذج القياسي خالي من مشكلة الارتباط الذاتي حسب اختبار (LM) وخلو الانموذج المقدر من مشكلة عدم تجانس التباين حسب اختبار (ARCH) وايضاً أظهرت النتائج ان القروض الممنوحة للقطاع الزراعي من المصارف تتميز بضآلتها وعدم قدرتها على النهوض بواقع القطاع الزراعي. وإذا ما أريد زيادة نسبة مساهمة القطاع الزراعي في تكوين الناتج المحلي الاجمالي لابد من زيادة القروض والدعم الحكومي.

In this project we fabricated and characterized porous silicon (p-type) using an electrochemical etching method for different etching times. We used a UV–VIS spectrophotometer, XPS spectra and (I-V) measurements to characterize and analyze the PSi structure. The porous silicon exhibited an increase in the optical transmittance with an increase in the etching time, whereas the reflectance decreased. The XPS spectra demonstrated a binding energy at 265.0 eV and the peak position of the spectra shifts with etching time. The resistivity of the PSi increased with etching time. Meanwhile, in the presence of neutron irradiation, the resistivity of the sample was lower than without irradiation. In addition, the results show that the percentage of porosity decreased after irradiation and was 48–65% compared to the porosity before irradiation, which was equal to 63–78%. These results confirm that neutron irradiation improved the quality of the lattice crystal structure of the PSi, which can pave the way for the use of this material in high-quality optoelectronic devices. Keywords: PSi, Neutron irradiation, Electrochemical etching

Os tomates possuem propriedades medicinais valiosas com alto teor de licopeno e flavonóides, reconhecidos por diversos impactos farmacológicos. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as características antibacterianas e antioxidantes do extrato de tomate com acetato de etila e identificar seus principais componentes. O potencial antioxidante foi determinado através do ensaio do radical 2,2-difenil-1- picrilhidrazila, enquanto a atividade antibacteriana foi avaliada pelo método de difusão em placas de ágar. Adicionalmente, os componentes presentes no extrato foram explorados através de espectroscopia GC-Mass. A taxa de extração final foi de 31,38±0,76%. Mais de 25 compostos individuais foram discernidos no extrato de tomate, abrangendo miricetina 50,7%, ácido n-hexadecanóico 19,9%, ácido salicílico 13,77%, ácido octenil succínico 1,58%, ácido vanílico 1,41%, dimetil benzeno 1,02%, iso-quercitrina 1,02%, Hexadecanol 0,85%, Nomane-a-tomatidina 0,77%, a-tocoferol 0,76%, Homoserina 0,76% e outros compostos em quantidades menores. O extrato exibiu amplo espectro de atividade antibacteriana contra as cepas bacterianas testadas (S. aureus e P. aeruginosa). Notavelmente, S. aureus apresentou maior suscetibilidade às concentrações de extrato de acetato de dietila de tomate no meio de cultura do que P. aeruginosa. O extrato de tomate com acetato de etila apresentou atividade distinta de eliminação de radicais livres 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil. Os resultados indicam que o extrato de tomate possui qualidades antibacterianas e antioxidantes significativas, mostrando-se promissor como uma fonte valiosa de compostos naturais para o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos. Palavras-chave: compostos naturais; cepas bacterianas; radicais livres; Cromatografia Gasosa - Espectrometria [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the requirements of lightweight, high strength, and wear resistance, metal matrix composites are being manufactured with increasing interest, according to recent advancements in material science. Alumina (Al2O3) and Graphite (Gr) were added to the aluminum alloy matrix (AA6061) to increase the dry sliding wear resistance and to explore the impact of normal applied load and sliding speed on the coefficient of friction as well as its wear behavior. The composites were made by the stir casting technique. Hardness and tensile strength were two examples of mechanical qualities that have been assessed. Compared to the unreinforced aluminum alloy, the tensile strength of the metal matrix composites was improved by 17.7%, and the hardness increased by 44.1% at a loading of AA6061 (90wt%)/ Al2O3 (5wt%)/Gr (5wt%). A pin-on-disc tribometer was utilized to analyze the dry sliding tribo-behaviors of AA 6061 alloy reinforced with Al2O3 and Gr by varying the applied load and the sliding distance. The wear resistance of aluminum alloy reinforced with Gr (5wt%)/Al2O3(5wt%) increased by 85.0% when the load was applied at 25N compared to unreinforced aluminum alloy, and the frictional coefficient decreased by 58.0%. Additionally, an optical microscope and scanning electronic microscope were used to assess the worn surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable groundwater resource management requires a better understanding of multilayer interactions, caused by the heterogeneous formations and enhanced by the groundwater withdrawal in aquifers. This phenomenon was studied in Al-Khoud lower catchment in Oman. Water exchange between different layers was observed by measuring piezometric heads of wells located at the same place with screen intervals placed in different layers. In addition, groundwater levels from 8 more wells and pumping rates from 60 wells were used for developing a numerical model in a 156 km2 area. Lithological data from 23 boreholes were used for defining three subsurface layers. Model results under different conditions indicated that 1.9–3.8 m head difference could be attributed to the pumping, while 2.1–6.0 m groundwater-level variations were accounted for the heterogeneity and anisotropic effects. Further analysis showed that the increased pumping rate increased the piezometric head difference between the layers, which enhances the multi-layer interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]