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Some groups of women are more vulnerable to intimate partner violence (IPV) due to particular risks and/or experiences: women with disabilities, elderly women, and immigrant women (DEI). Too often, their reality goes unnoticed, especially for those belonging to more than one of these groups. In this literature review, researchers used an intersectional approach to document the similarities and differences in how DEI women experience IPV, in terms of forms and consequences, as well as related risk factors, explanatory theories, and prevention strategies. Researchers selected 56 articles for review based on the following inclusion criteria: studies on adults living in a situation of IPV, studies on one of the three demographics under study (DEI), studies about one or multiple research questions, and studies based on empirical data relying on research methodology in either French or English. Researchers evaluated each selected article for its quality according to a chart that was specially developed for this review. The results highlight existing “intersections” between these groups to help understand the influence of belonging to more than one vulnerability group on these women’s experiences with IPV. The importance to better training social workers and developing policies and programs that target the social determinants of health to prevent IPV experienced by DEI is also discussed.

The upsurge in violent radicalization is associated with a global increase in social inequalities and conflicts related to different markers of identity. To date, literature on the factors associated with legitimizing violence toward others is cross-sectional and does not provide information on the possible change of this phenomenon over time. Such information is necessary to design primary prevention programs that are adapted to and address a rapidly evolving social context. We use a repeated cross-sectional study design to explore the association between sociodemographic characteristics and scores on the Sympathy for Violent Radicalization Scale (SVR) in Quebec (Canada) college students at 2 times points. Results from an online survey completed by students of 6 colleges in 2015 (n = 854) and 2017 (n = 702) indicate that although overall scores on the SVR scale remained stable, there were changes in the association between age, identity, and the outcome at the two time points. Specifically, scores on the SVR were significantly higher among younger students in 2017 than in 2015. In addition, in 2017 we observed a relationship between collective identity and SVR that was not present in 2015. These results align with other recent studies in Canada and the U.S. documenting the emergence of new forms of youth politicized bullying associated with race, ethnicity, and religion. A close monitoring of the phenomenon is warranted to both better understand the impact of populist policies on the increase in hate incidents and crimes and develop programs to address these forms of violence from a public health perspective. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche évaluant le Service de consultation interculturelle (SCI) du Centre jeunesse de Montréal — Institut universitaire pour l’intervention en contexte de diversité culturelle. Les 30 intervenantes interviewées expriment des besoins variés relatifs à leur compréhension du vécu et de la culture des familles et leur relation avec ces dernières, mais aussi quant à l’intervention à effectuer. Le SCI est apprécié lorsqu’il répond à leurs besoins et bonifie leur pratique, mais l’approche réflexive préconisée est parfois source d’insatisfaction, notamment lorsque les intervenantes recherchent des solutions immédiates aux difficultés rencontrées., This paper presents the results of the evaluation of the intervention of Centre jeunesse de Montréal — Institut universitaire’s Service de consultation interculturelle (SCI) in the context of cultural diversity. The 30 interviewed workers expressed a variety of needs pertaining to the understanding of the life experience and culture of families, the relationship between workers and these families, and the intervention to be implemented. The SCI is appreciated by the workers when it meets their needs. However, the reflective approach is unsatisfactory for those who seek immediate solutions to the encountered difficulties.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to prepare healthcare providers in high-income countries to deal with mental health and psychosocial issues among resettled Syrian refugees. Design/methodology/approach Collaborative work of the authors on a comprehensive review of social context, cultural frameworks and related issues in the mental health and psychosocial well-being of resettled Syrian refugees. Findings A practical guide that emphasizes the importance of considering the social and cultural dimensions of their predicament and highlighting principles that can help clinicians address the unique needs of Syrian refugee patients. Originality/value The content of this paper is inspired by the collaborative work of the authors on a report commissioned by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugee (UNHCR).

Although structural violence and social inequality affect youth physical and mental health throughout the world,1 the problem of violent radicalization (VR) has more recently emerged as an area of concern for professionals working with youth. Radicalization is a dynamic, complex process that is generated and fueled by intercommunity frictions and conflicting political, social, and economic discourses and interests.2 It takes the form of a shift away from a moderate point of view to a rigid one that rejects the status quo and demands drastic societal change, although not necessarily through violence.2 Violent radicalization is when radicalization includes the support of or the plan to use violent measures, including hate crimes and incidents and/or mass killings, often targeting a group characteristic (race, religion, gender orientation and identity, or political views), to achieve one's goals of social change.

Identity issues have been at the forefront in studies on determinants of youth violent radicalization. Identity uncertainty and identity fusion appear to be associated with quests for meaning, which may find some answers in extremist discourses and radical engagements. This process has been considered to be particularly important for second-generation migrants who have to negotiate multiple identities, sometimes in situations of social adversity. This paper aims to understand the relations between collective identity, social adversity (discrimination and exposure to violence), and sympathy for violent radicalization in College students in Quebec. This mixed-method study consisted of a large online survey conducted at eight colleges in Quebec. Multilevel analysis accounted for the clustered nature of data while generalized additive mixed models were used to study nonlinear relations. Results highlight the complex associations between collective identity and youth sympathy for violent radicalization. They confirm that negative public representations of minority communities may lead to more sympathy for violent radicalization. Although results suggest that strong enough identities can act as protective anchorages for youth, they also indicate that when collective identity becomes too central in personal identity this may accentuate othering processes and legitimize violence toward the out-group. These results have implications for prevention programs. They indicate that improving the public image of minority communities through mainstream media or the social media may increase youth public self-esteem and decrease their sympathy for violent radicalization. They also invite the education field to foster the development of strong plural identities.

Cultural competency may be helpful to police in fighting violent extremism. Perceived cultural competency of security officers may directly affect citizens responses, especially individuals from vulnerable communities. Police often need to depend upon citizens’ cooperation to identify those who may be engaging in activities of violent extremism. Therefore, officers must be trained in cultural competency to help reduce feelings of citizen alienation. Participants from three Canadian cities completed an online survey concerning perceptions of police cultural competence in several areas, including national security. Results were discussed with focus groups. With cultural variations, citizens were mostly satisfied with police–citizen interactions. However, some felt they were singled out because of race and religion. Participants stated better police training in cultural competence would lead to greater police–citizen cooperation. All would contact police if the security of Canada were in danger. However, there are those who will never trust police.

This article explores the process by which Western Muslim young adults develop the need to experience an ‘objective’ religious identity. We interviewed 20 Western Muslim young adults born in Montreal, Berlin, and Copenhagen within the age range of 18–25, exploring their religious identity development. The interviews were semi-structured and open-ended. Thematic content analysis was used to explore patterns in their narratives. The participants disliked the perceived ethnocentric Muslim identity of their parents, which they sought to ‘purify’ for themselves from ‘cultural contamination’. There were two important elements underlying the process of religious identity objectification: experience of anti-Muslim political discourse and exposure to religious diversity in the aftermath of deterritorialisation.

Objectives This manuscript provides a first description of a specialized clinical work addressing the radicalization leading to violence phenomenon in Canada. Since July 2016, a multidisciplinary clinical team attached to a mental health and primary care program in Montreal proposes specialized consultations to support partners across Quebec.Methods This paper describes the clinical team approach, the consultation service organization and illustrates through clinical vignettes the main categories of social and clinical problems referred to the team during its first year of operation.Results Our preliminary observations confirm the relevance of a multidisciplinary assessment based on a systemic approach to the phenomenon of violent radicalization to provide an understanding of the different social, family and individual factors associated and to formulate a psychosocial and/or psychiatric intervention plan.Conclusion The presentation of clinical cases proposes to the social, community and mental health actors an understanding of the phenomenon of violent radicalization as it manifests in the health, youth protection and educational networks in Quebec and suggest intervention perspectives.

The relationships between social identities are important when discussing the national and religious identities of Muslims in Western contexts. This study explored the identity narratives of second-generation Muslim young adults to consider the relevance of bicultural identity and acculturation theories commonly employed in research with this group. The sample comprised 20 Muslim young adults of diverse ethnicities and backgrounds from Montreal, Berlin, and Copenhagen who participated in semi-structured interviews that explored how they negotiate their social identities in light of their unique life course trajectories. This article focuses on two major themes underlying second-generation identity development: the importance of personal experience in the development of social identities; and the enmeshment of multiple social identities. We then discuss the results of our findings in light of the complex nature of social identity, group membership, and political categorization.

Les medias sociaux conduisent-ils les individus vulnerables a recourir a la violence ? Beaucoup de gens croient que c’est le cas. Et les Etats re¬pondent par la censure en ligne, la surveillance et le contre-discours. Mais que savons-nous vrai¬ment des liens entre Internet et violence, et que savons-nous de l’impact des reseaux sociaux sur les phenomenes de radicalisation ? Partout dans le monde, les gouvernements et les societes Internet prennent des decisions sur la base de suppositions sur les causes et les remedes face au terrorisme. Le defi societal est grand de comprendre ces liens. La necessite d’une politique fondee sur des faits et des preuves, et non fondee sur des intui¬tions – ou poussee par la panique et la peur – est essentielle. C’est dans ce contexte que l’UNESCO a commande l’etude intitulee Medias sociaux et radicalisation de la jeunesse a l’ere numerique. Ce travail fournit une cartographie globale de la recherche sur les roles supposes des medias sociaux dans les processus de radicalisation violents, particulierement en ce qui concerne les jeunes et les femmes.

Few studies explore the impact conversion to Islam has on a Western individual’s social identity configuration. This article focuses on six Western Muslim converts—three from Montreal, two from Berlin, and one from Copenhagen—who experienced difficulties relating to their national identities prior to conversion, exploring how it developed afterwards. A qualitative interview guide was adapted in a semi-structured format to the demands of each individual, and interviews were analyzed applying thematic content analysis. The participants reveal how they revised their social identity configuration upon conversion, ultimately reversing their antagonistic relationship to their national identity. Their narratives relate how political realities are embedded in the perception and development of the Western Muslim identity, necessitating a revaluation of their national identity as a form of social critique. Our results demonstrate how socio-political experiences of discrimination and race are all significant...

Les enfants adoptés à l’international sont confrontés à de nombreuses inconnues en ce qui a trait à leur histoire et tout particulièrement à leur filiation. Ils doivent alors avoir davantage recours à leur imagination et à une fantasmatique intérieure afin de construire leur identité. La présente étude a pour but de mettre en lumière quelle fonction occupe la famille biologique dans l’économie psychique des adolescents adoptés à l’international. Des entrevues semi-structurées ont été menées auprès de 13 adolescents adoptés de pays d’Asie. L’analyse thématique de ces données indique que, grâce à la fantasmatique développée autour de la famille d’origine, les jeunes adoptés à l’international parviennent à se renarcissiser devant les écueils, le non-dit et l’absence d’information vis-à-vis leur filiation d’origine et les circonstances entourant leur adoption. Les implications cliniques sont discutées et des recommandations sont formulées.

A l’adolescence, les enfants adoptes a l’international sont confrontes a un double defi identitaire : celui de l’adoption et celui de la negociation du statut minoritaire. S’ajoute a cette tâche complexe la possibilite que certains d’entre eux soient victimes de discrimination. Le but de la presente etude est de documenter les processus en jeu dans la negociation identitaire des adolescents adoptes a l’international en portant une attention particuliere aux enjeux culturels et de discrimination. Des entrevues semi-structurees ont ete menees aupres de 13 participants âges entre 12 et 17 ans et adoptes de pays d’Asie. Une analyse par theorisation ancree revele l’existence d’une variation dans les strategies identitaires bien que la majorite privilegie l’assimilation. Les experiences de discrimination poussent certains a surinvestir leur culture d’accueil au detriment de leurs origines ou, a l’inverse, rend impossible leur integration. Les implications cliniques sont discutees en lien avec les benefices possibles de la socialisation culturelle.

Violent radicalization is increasingly conceptualized as a public health issue, associated with psychological distress, a sharp increase in discrimination and profiling, and an increase in hate crime and some types of terrorist acts. This brief paper addresses the limitations of the current conceptual models of violent radicalization. Beyond understanding the path leading from radicalization of opinion to violent radicalization, it proposes to consider the non-violent outcomes of radicalization of opinions in the current social context and to study these outcomes in multiple settings for both minorities and majorities. Moving beyond the implicit linearity of current models and promoting a systemic vision would help to decrease the actual profiling of targeted communities and support the design of community-based prevention programs structured on these alternative outcomes, and in particular on the emergence of social solidarities in groups expressing discontent with the status quo.

Additional file 1. Sensitivity analyses. Results of sensitivity analyses using imputed datasets and analyses using the Radicalism Intention Scale (RIS) instead of the scores from the Sympathies for Radicalization scale.

Although working with trauma survivors can be a source of both deleterious and positive transformations in mental health professionals, little is known about the experience of clinicians in shared traumatic contexts, particularly in the Global South, where most humanitarian crises occur. In collective disasters or armed conflicts, the personal and professional experiences of mental health staff inform each other, situating the clinical space at the intersection between singular and collective spheres. Drawing on an intersubjective and socioecological perspective, this qualitative study explored the ways in which working in a shared traumatic context affected mental health and psychosocial staff in postearthquake Haiti. We interviewed 22 local mental health workers in the capital, Port-au-Prince, 2.5 years after the 2010 disaster. We coded and thematically analyzed interviews using an iterative process, based on grounded theory principles. Thematic analysis uncovered four dynamic poles in clinicians' narratives: balancing duty and desire to help, experiencing fragility and strength, negotiating separation and connection, and sharing hurt and hope. Our findings suggest clinicians considered their work mainly as a source of strength in the face of adversity, whereas experiences of trauma and growth transmissions were mutual and intimately intertwined. We discuss the complexities of clinical work in shared traumatic settings as well as the dynamic interplay between professionals' experiences of suffering and growth. We conclude with recommendations on ways to involve local mental health clinicians in postdisaster contexts while addressing the special needs that they may have to process their own trauma.Spanish Abstracts by Asociación Chilena de Estrés Traumático (ACET) ¿Regalos Hirientes? trauma y transmisión del crecimiento entre clínicos locales en Haití Post-Terremoto TRAUMA Y TRANSMISIÓN DEL CRECIMIENTO EN HAITÍ Aunque trabajar con sobrevivientes a trauma puede ser una fuente de transformaciones deletéreas y positivas en los profesionales de salud mental, se conoce poco acerca de la experiencia de clínicos en contextos traumáticos compartidos, particularmente en el Sur Global, donde ocurre la mayoría de las crisis humanitarias. En desastres colectivos o conflictos armados, las experiencias personales y profesionales del personal de salud mental se influyen mutuamente situando el espacio clínico en la intersección entre las esferas colectiva e individual. Utilizando una perspectiva intersubjetiva y socioecológica, este estudio cualitativo exploró las formas en que el trabajar en un contexto compartido traumático afectó al personal de salud mental y psicosocial (MHPSS, por su sigla en inglés) en Haití post-terremoto. Entrevistamos a 22 trabajadores de salud mental locales en la capital, Puerto Príncipe, 2.5 años después del desastre de 2010. Codificamos y analizamos temáticamente las entrevistas usando un proceso iterativo, basado en teoría fundamentada. Los análisis temáticos descubrieron cuatro polos dinámicos en las narrativas de los clínicos: equilibrando deber y deseo de ayudar, experimentando fragilidad y fuerza, negociando separación y conexión, y compartiendo daño y esperanza. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que los clínicos consideraban su trabajo principalmente como una fuente de fuerza ante la adversidad, mientras que las experencias de trauma y transmisión de crecimiento fueron mutuos e intimamente entrelazados. Discutimos las complejidades del trabajo clínico en escenarios traumáticos compartidos así como también la interacción dinámica entre las experiencias de sufrimiento y crecimiento de los profesionales. Concluimos con recomendaciones en formas para involucrar a los clínicos de salud mental locales en contextos post-desastre mientras se abordan las necesidades especiales que puedan tener para procesar su propio trauma.Traditional and Simplified Chinese Abstracts by the Asian Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (AsianSTSS) 簡體及繁體中文撮要由亞洲創傷心理研究學會翻譯 Hurtful gifts? Trauma and Growth Transmission among Local Clinicians in Post-Earthquake Haiti Traditional Chinese 標題: 海地地震後, 當地臨床治療師的創傷與成長傳遞 撮要: 工作中為受創的倖存者提供服務, 可以對心理治療專業人士帶來正向改變或有害影響。可是, 有關臨床治療師與倖存者於受創環境的共同體驗, 我們卻缺乏理解, 特別是在南營地帶, 大部分人道危機都在那邊發生。在集體災難或武裝衝突中, 心理治療工作者的個人和專業經歷會互相影響, 所以臨床治療空間涉及個人和集體領域。本非量化研究從互為主體性及社會生態角度出發, 旨在探索於海地地震後, 在共同創傷環境工作如何影響心理治療和心理社會治療(MHPSS)工作者。我們於2010年地震發生的2.5年後, 訪問了22名於當地首都太子港的心理治療工作者, 基於扎根理論, 反覆對訪問內容進行編碼及主題分析。主題分析反映心理治療工作者的敘述有4種兩極動態:平衡職責與想幫助的慾望、脆弱和堅強感、在抽離和聯繫之間的掙扎、及分享受傷感受和希望。結果反映臨床治療師認為他們的工作主要為在逆境時提供支持, 而創傷經歷和成長傳遞是雙向並且密不可分的。我們亦討論到臨床工作在共同的創傷環境中的複雜性, 還有專業人士的苦痛與成長經驗之間的動態互動。對於在當地災後如何尋求臨床心理治療師協助, 同時又照顧到他們有可能有處理自己創傷的特殊需要, 我們亦在總結中提出建議。 Simplified Chinese 标题: 海地地震后, 当地临床治疗师的创伤与成长传递 撮要: 工作中为受创的幸存者提供服务, 可以对心理治疗专业人士带来正向改变或有害影响。可是, 有关临床治疗师与幸存者于受创环境的共同体验, 我们却缺乏理解, 特别是在南营地带, 大部分人道危机都在那边发生。在集体灾难或武装冲突中, 心理治疗工作者的个人和专业经历会互相影响, 所以临床治疗空间涉及个人和集体领域。本非量化研究从互为主体性及社会生态角度出发, 旨在探索于海地地震后, 在共同创伤环境工作如何影响心理治疗和心理社会治疗(MHPSS)工作者。我们于2010年地震发生的2.5年后, 访问了22名于当地首都太子港的心理治疗工作者, 基于扎根理论, 反复对访问内容进行编码及主题分析。主题分析反映心理治疗工作者的叙述有4种两极动态:平衡职责与想帮助的欲望、脆弱和坚强感、在抽离和联系之间的挣扎、及分享受伤感受和希望。结果反映临床治疗师认为他们的工作主要为在逆境时提供支持, 而创伤经历和成长传递是双向并且密不可分的。我们亦讨论到临床工作在共同的创伤环境中的复杂性, 还有专业人士的苦痛与成长经验之间的动态互动。对于在当地灾后如何寻求临床心理治疗师协助, 同时又照顾到他们有可能有处理自己创伤的特殊需要, 我们亦在总结中提出建议。.

Fatima, Omar and Ruya, the Sarraf family, from Syria are newly arrived refugees to Canada. They have an appointment with their new family doctor. The family spent three years in a United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees refugee camp in Jordan and is now in Canada as part of a humanitarian

OBJECTIVES: Study results on child maltreatment based on general population samples cannot be extrapolated with confidence to vulnerable immigrant or refugee families because of the specific characteristics and needs of these families. The aims of this paper are 1) to conduct an evidence review of the prevalence, risk factors and protective factors for child maltreatment in immigrant and refugee populations, and 2) to integrate the evidence in an analytical ecosystemic framework that would guide future research. METHODS: We used a 14-step process based on guidelines from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Canadian Collaboration for Immigrant and Refugee Health. We searched major databases from “the oldest date available to July 2014”. The eligibility criteria for paper selection included qualitative or quantitative methodologies; papers written in English or French; papers that describe, assess or review prevalence, risk and protection factors for child maltreatment; and a studied population of immigrants or refugees. SYNTHESIS: Twenty-four articles met the criteria for eligibility. The results do not provide evidence that immigrant or refugee children are at higher risk of child maltreatment. However, recently settled immigrants and refugees experience specific risk factors related to their immigration status and to the challenges of settlement in a new country, which may result in high risk of maltreatment. CONCLUSION: Future research must incorporate more immigrant and refugee samples as well as examine, within an ecosystemic framework, the interaction between migratory and cultural factors with regard to the prevalence, consequences and treatment of child maltreatment for the targeted groups. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.17269/CJPH.106.4838 and is accessible for authorized users.

Aboriginal youth are highly overrepresented within the child welfare system. High-risk youth are often placed in out-of-community residential placements. Such residential placements have been described by some as a continuation of colonial practices. Using communication theory as a conceptual model, we propose a qualitative analysis of micro-interactions that take place between Aboriginal youth and non-Aboriginal workers during the management of high-risk behaviors within a residential program. Three broad categories of interaction emerge from the data: complementary, symmetrical/complementary (where youth show a form of submission despite resistance), and symmetrical (characterized by a power struggle). Despite the diversity of interactions along this symmetrical to complementary continuum, interventions always start and finish in the same fashion. Moreover, the nature of interactions depended mostly on how quickly youth accepted the consequences of their behaviors. We also extracted five categor...

International adoption is a relatively recent phenomenon and research in this field is emerging, particularly on issues of ethnic identity development and its implications for psychological adjustment and well-being. This article presents a critical review of the literature on ethnic identity in transracial adoptees as it relates to discrimination and psychological well-being. The review results show no clear evidence on the relation between a strong ethnic identity of origin, racial socialization efforts by parents and psychological adjustment in transracial adoptees. Studies investigating the effects of discrimination are too scarce to be conclusive. Results are discussed in light of future research and clinical recommendations.

Le programme de Services intégrés en périnatalité et pour la petite enfance (SIPPE) offre une intervention précoce et intensive qui cible les facteurs de risque et promeut les facteurs de protection chez les enfants d’âge préscolaire et leurs familles. À ce jour, aucune étude n’a évalué la pertinence des critères d’admissibilité au programme pour la clientèle immigrante. La présente étude explore donc la capacité des critères d’admissibilité à identifier les mères réfugiées ou immigrantes vulnérables du point de vue d’intervenantes SIPPE. Les intervenantes identifient certains problèmes soulevés dans le cadre du processus décisionnel actuel. Des recommandations sont émises pour favoriser un processus décisionnel qui tienne compte des besoins spécifiques de la clientèle desservie., The SIPPE is a program designed to address risk factors and promote protective practices in preschool children and their families, through early and intensive intervention. However, the applicability of the eligibility criteria of the SIPPE Program when it comes to refugee and immigrant mothers remains unclear. The present study explores the perception that mental health and psychosocial professionals have of these criteria. A total of 17 individual interviews and three focus groups were conducted with 32 professionals from two CSSS in the Montreal region that serve mostly immigrant populations. The qualitative analysis performed with the NVivo software highlights the perception that participants have of some of the existing criteria as being inadequate for accurately identifying vulnerable refugee or immigrant mothers. Difficulties identified by participants relate to the systematic use of strict administrative criteria, created for non-immigrant mothers, to determine the eligibility of immigrant and refugee mothers. Furthermore, participants perceive that administrative constraints within the SIPPE program have a negative impact on how frequently clinical judgment serves as a basis for decision-making. We also present recommendations in favour of facilitating SIPPE access based on existing evidence-based studies on the variety and specificity of vulnerabilities among immigrants and refugees.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Violence against women and children is increasingly recognized as an important and urgent public health social and human rights issue cutting across geographical socioeconomic and cultural boundaries. There is a large and growing body of literature that demonstrates the negative impact of such violence on the victims mental and physical health as well as several other consequences on them their families and communities. However this literature for the most part comes from the so-called developed countries. This review at the opposite focused on current literature on prevention of domestic/family violence against children and women in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). RECENT FINDINGS: Establishing effective prevention programmes for domestic violence against women and children in LMICs requires an understanding of the sociopolitical economic and cultural settings and a multilevel collaboration among various stakeholders. SUMMARY: This review confirms the lack of research in the so-called developing countries and provides suggestions for further research and prevention efforts in this setting.

According to the World Health Organization, preventing violence is a multifaceted mandate of public health, which requires strategies that are adapted to local and national social contexts.[1][1] In an editorial, Dr. Matthew Stanbrook argues that physicians should play a role in advocating for gun

This paper discusses results from a pilot study conducted in the spring of 2014 among young adults living in Montreal. The main objective of this study was to assess the relation between perception of the Charter of Quebec Values, 1 self-identification, perception of intercommunity relations, perceived discrimination, and psychological well-being in young students enrolled in undergraduate or graduate programs of a francophone university in Montreal. A total of 441 students (30.5% male, 69.5% female) took part in a web survey designed by the research team. The data analyses and results suggest that the debate around the Charter of Quebec values was associated with a shift from a predominantly positive perception of intercommunity relations to a predominantly negative one, particularly among women, immigrants, and those who self-identified as cultural or religious minorities. In addition, more than 30% of participants reported having experienced some form of ethnic or religious discrimination since the Charter was released (personally or as a witness). This was particularly the case among immigrants, as well as those who self-identified as bicultural or from cultural or religious minority groups. This study’s results thus highlight the exacerbation of intercommunity tensions linked to the public debate around identity and intercommunity relations in Quebec.

Objectives. We compared the evolution of perception of discrimination from 1998 to 2007 among recent Arab (Muslim and non-Muslim) and Haitian immigrants to Montreal; we also studied the association between perception of discrimination and psychological distress in 1998 and 2007. Methods. We conducted this cross-sectional comparative research with 2 samples: one recruited in 1998 (n = 784) and the other in 2007 (n = 432). The samples were randomly extracted from the registry of the Ministry of Immigration and Cultural Communities of Quebec. Psychological distress was measured with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25. Results. The perception of discrimination increased from 1998 to 2007 among the Arab Muslim, Arab non-Muslim, and Haitian groups. Muslim Arabs experienced a significant increase in psychological distress associated with discrimination from 1998 to 2007. Conclusions. These results confirm an increase in perception of discrimination and psychological distress among Arab Muslim recent immigrant communities after September 11, 2001, and highlight the importance this context may have for other immigrant groups.

Le contexte international, marque par la mondialisation, est traverse de tensions qui influencent les relations entre les minorites immigrantes et les majorites des pays qui les accueillent. En presentant sommairement les resultats de recherches portant sur le rapport des familles immigrantes a l’adversite qui caracterise ce contexte, cet article propose une reflexion sur le role protecteur ou vulnerabilisant de la transmission familiale du sens et des strategies face a ces nouvelles formes d’exclusion.

Cette recherche repond a un double objectif : 1) documenter les principales normes autour de la discipline physique et de l’abus physique, chez des parents et des adolescents immigrants issus de deux minorites ethnoculturelles; 2) examiner l’impact des divergences percues entre les normes d’origines et celles de la societe d’accueil sur la relation entre la famille et le monde social exterieur. L’echantillon est compose de 40 participants : 10 parents et 10 adolescents en provenance du Maghreb, et 10 parents et 10 adolescents en provenance de l’Amerique-latine. L’analyse qualitative des donnees met en lumiere la complexite des criteres utilises pour juger de l’adequation d’une pratique disciplinaire. De plus, les divergences percues entre les normes de la famille et celles de la societe hote, ne se revelent pas comme un facteur de risque en soi mais le deviennent lorsqu’elles sont accompagnees d’une image negative, projetee par la societe d’accueil, sur la famille immigrante.