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Background: The hypothesis of an effect by thiazolidinedione on leukemia cells was proposed 2 decades ago, but there is little clinical evidence regarding its efficacy. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of adding pioglitazone to standard induction chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)., Patients and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, newly diagnosed AML patients were randomized to 1 of 2 groups. Patients in both groups received cytarabine (100 mg/m 2 per day for 7 days) and daunorubicin (60 mg/m 2 per day for 3 days). Patients in the pioglitazone group additionally received oral pioglitazone (45 mg per day). The 2 groups were compared according to remission rate, laboratory findings, and adverse events during treatment., Results: Forty patients were evaluated, 20 patients in each group. The complete remission rate was 20% more in the pioglitazone group compared to the control group (P = .202). Complications due to pioglitazone discontinuation were observed in 2 cases. The mean serum alanine aminotransferase in the fourth treatment week was significantly more in pioglitazone group compared to the control group (65.5 vs. 33.6 mg/dL, P = .039). The mean serum creatinine in all treatment phases was significantly higher in the pioglitazone group compared to the control group (P < .05). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding other laboratory findings (P > .05)., Conclusion: Adding pioglitazone to cytarabine and daunorubicin increased the remission rate in AML patients compared to control subjects. Although this difference in remission rate between the 2 groups was not statistically significant, it could be important in the clinical setting. Pioglitazone may provide benefits as an adjuvant therapy for AML patients without causing serious adverse events., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: A number of studies investigated the general practitioners' and family physicians' knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on diabetes. However, studies on internists' KAP on diabetes management are limited. This study aimed to investigate the Iranian internists' KAP on diabetes mellitus and its management., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample of internists who participated in the 26th annual congress of internists in Tehran, Iran. The level of KAP and affecting factor was evaluated by a validated instrument., Results: One-hundred internists with the mean age of 41.98±9.26 years were evaluated. Totally, the physicians possessed 66.29%±19.5%, 50.44%±19.39%, and 64.5%±15.3% of the scores in KAP, respectively. The time since graduation in general medicine had significant negative correlation with their knowledge and practice, that was along with the subjects' age (P<0.05). The KAP level had not significant difference between subjects participated in a continuing medical education (CME) program during the last year compared to subjects did not participated (P>0.05). Attitude, and practice scores were significantly higher in physicians who were working at diabetes clinic (P<0.05), and attitude was more in physicians working at teaching hospitals compared to those who were not working (57.82 vs. 47.72, P=0.020)., Conclusion: According to our results, subjects' age and time since graduation in general medicine and specialty were inversely correlated by knowledge and practice. So internists with older age seems to be in priority for educational programs. And holding CME programs in current forms seems to be not suitable to increase the KAP regarding diabetes., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported., (Copyright © 2017 Korean Diabetes Association)

Aim: Recent studies highlight barriers of diabetes educational programs in Iran and also present some successful experiences carried out for improving the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of type-2 diabetic patients. Hence, evaluation of patients' KAP seems to be needed. We designed a multicenter study evaluating level of KAP in type-2 diabetic patients in the capital city of Tehran and identifying variables that affect this KAP level., Methods: This multicenter analytical cross-sectional study was approved by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee. Questionnaires were designed for evaluation of diabetes-related KAP in patients. After validating the questionnaires by endocrinologists, test-retest method was used for questionnaire reliability by checking in 15 diabetic patients. Two hundred type-2 diabetic patients admitted to 4 hospitals of Tehran filled out the questionnaires. Using SPSS software, the level of KAP and its confounders were evaluated in patients., Results: Two hundred type-2 diabetic patients with the mean age of 60.17 years were evaluated (106 male and 94 female). The mean diabetes duration was 13.06 years. The levels of patients' good knowledge, attitude, and practice were 61.41%, 50.44% and 52.23%, respectively. Age, treatment methods, DM duration, and existence of diabetic retinopathy had significant correlations with KAP level., Conclusions: The results of this study showed that recent educational programs in Iran improved KAP level. Patients' KAP increases as their condition worsens/progresses. Hence education should be considered as a priority for newly diagnosed patients and those with lower KAP levels before occurrence of diabetes complications., (Copyright © 2015 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)