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The presented research paper aims to introduce a model in order to identify risks and risk factors associated with outsourcing of information technology in conjunction with health systems, measuring the probability of happening each of them and the loss of each risk. The data used in this research has been gathered from the IT experts of the healthcare sector in Tehran through the questionnaire made by the author. Then the indexes of risk exposure has been classified and ordered in seven factors, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. At the end, the probability and the associated loss of each factor have been measured

Cash distributions to the shareholders, can have information content for future companies will have flexibility. Study role of Cash distributions to the shareholders and sizes of on non-governmental error forecast operating cash flows are reviewed The operational criteria used to influence the distribution of cash, the profit is divided. Company total assets and Total sales were used to measure separately. Hence the number of companies active in 71 companies during the period 90-84 Stock Bhadarthran based screening method was chosen To determine error forecast cash flow per year, the time period four years ago, the company's data, using cross-sectional regression model - multivariate combination was used Then the effect of firm size and Cash distributions to the shareholders on the error of the forecast cash flow, a comparison test we used the average of two independent communities. The results indicate the effectiveness of firm size and Cash distributions to the shareholders separately and the Precision Time on the operating cash flow error forecast and no influence of firm size and Cash distributions to the shareholders separately both the Precision Time error Forecasting free cash flow level is 95% confidence.

Background: Interstitial Pneumonitis (IP) is one of the pulmonary complications associated with mammalian Target of Rapamycin-Inhibitors (mTOR-Is). Sirolimus and everolimus belong to mTOR-Is. According to studies, IP is caused by both., Case Presentation: This is a case report in a kidney transplant recipient. We want to present a case of IP after 50 months of sirolimus consumption. Sirolimus was discontinued, and cyclosporine was started. Thirty-seven months later, everolimus was prescribed as an alternative to cyclosporine due to the recurrence of skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). Fortunately, no respiratory manifestations were seen after more than 8 years of everolimus consumption., Conclusions: In conclusion, in cases with sirolimus-induced IP, discontinuation of sirolimus and replacement with everolimus are recommended after resolving clinical symptoms and pulmonary lesions., Competing Interests: Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate To use the patient’s information, the study was explained to the patient before joining the study, and written informed consent was obtained. This study has been approved by Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Research Ethics Committee (Address link: https://ethics.research.ac.ir/IR.ARI.MUI.REC.1402.168). Consent for publication Written informed consent was obtained from the participant for the publication of the case report. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Most people with multiple sclerosis are diagnosed with bilateral strength asymmetry in the lower limbs. Strength asymmetry increases muscle metabolic cost, muscle fatigability, postural instability, gait disturbance, imbalance, and risk of falling, and negatively affects the quality of life in PwMS. So far, the effects of rehabilitation exercises on reducing the asymmetric index in this population has not been studied convincingly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of suspension exercise on bilateral isometric strength asymmetry of knee muscles in patients with multiple sclerosis., Materials & Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, twenty-seven female patients were purposively selected as the statistical sample and randomly divided into the control (n = 13, age: 34.72 ± 5.01 years) and exercise (n = 14, age: 37.62 ± 4.58 years) groups. The control group received routine care while the exercise group received the suspension exercise protocol. Isometric muscle strength and bilateral asymmetry were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. The Biodex isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure the maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the flexor and extensor muscles of the knee. The analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data., Results: The isometric strength of the knee extensor muscles in the weak leg at the angle of 20° and in both legs at the angle of 70° in the exercise group improved significantly. Furthermore, the strength of the knee flexor muscles in the exercise group was increased. The amount of bilateral strength asymmetry in the knee flexor and extensor muscles at the angle of 70° significantly decreased in the exercise group., Discussions & Conclusions: These data suggest that suspension training is a practical approach to manage bilateral asymmetry in knee flexor and extensor muscle strength in patients with an EDSS of less than four., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an 8-week yoga intervention on muscle strength, proprioception, pain, concerns about falling, and quality of life in individuals diagnosed with diabetic neuropathy., Methods: A quasi-experimental design incorporating a pretest-posttest methodology and a control group was implemented in the present study. A total of 30 patients who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and neuropathy were recruited and randomly assigned to intervention ( n = 15) or non-exercise control ( n = 15). Yoga sessions were conducted for a duration of 60 min on three occasions per week, with participants requested to practice at home on other days., Results: The results showed significant main effects of time on the muscle strength (both flexor and extensor muscles, p < .001, ηp 2 = 0.652 and p < .001, ηp 2 = 0.539, respectively), proprioception error ( p < .001, ηp 2 = 0.807), pain intensity ( p < .001, ηp 2 = 0.538), concerns about falling ( p < .001, ηp 2 = 0.700), and overall score of quality of life ( p < .001, ηp 2 = 0.475). Moreover, there were significant group-by-time interactions for all variables ( p < .001 for all)., Conclusion: The study reveals that yoga intervention can be an effective alternative therapeutic approach to medication for individuals with diabetic neuropathy. Yet, future studies are needed on a larger sample size to strengthen the present understanding of the advantageous impact of yoga intervention in this population., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

The flowers and stems of Rhubarb (Rheum ribes L.) are known to contain effective antioxidant compounds that have potential antidiarrheal properties in traditional medicine. This study was conducted to screen various genotypes of Rhubarb for their phytochemical and antioxidant activity and optimize the extraction parameters using the response surface methodology (RSM). The study found high diversity among the different genotypes (G1-G13) in terms of their flowers and stems. The total phenolic content (TPC) in the flowers of R. ribes varied significantly, showing values between 9.80 and 81.53 mg GAE g -1 DW. In the stems, TPC ranged from 2.87 to 16.33 mg GAE g -1 DW. Similarly, the total flavonoid content (TFC) in the flowers ranged from 0.33 to 1.32 mg Qu g -1 DW, while in the stems, it was between 0.05 and 0.38 mg Qu g -1 DW. The antioxidant activity, indicated as µmol Fe 2+  g -1 DW, varied from 7.42 to 59.87 in the flowers and from 0.14 to 15.99 in the stems. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) identified five distinct clusters among the collected genotypes. Subsequent analysis of variance and principal components analysis (PCA) revealed that the flowers of G8 (G8F) from Tehran to Lavasan exhibited the highest total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity (FRAP). Given these findings, G8F was chosen for further optimization in the study. The RSM was designed based on a Box-Behnken design (BBD) to determine the optimal extraction conditions, including extraction temperature (30-80 °C), extraction time (5-15 min), and ethanol concentration (25-75%, ethanol to water, v/v). The responses measured were total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, and Ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The optimal extraction conditions for all responses or desirability indices were X 1 : 80 °C, X 2 : 15 min, and X 3 : 53.14%, which resulted in TPC (99.32 mg GAE.g -1 DW), TFC (3.00 mg Qu.g -1 DW), TAC (1.12 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy-g) g -1 DW), FRAP (110.22 µmol Fe +2 /g DW), and DPPHsc (88.20%). The R 2 values (0.91-0.99) indicated that the RSM models were acceptable., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: This article introduces the first national guidelines for the management including diagnosis, treatment, and secondary prevention of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Iran., Materials and Methods: The members of the guideline development group (GDG) were specialists and experts in fields related to ACS and were affiliated with universities of medical sciences or scientific associations in the country. They carefully examined the evidence and clinical concerns related to ACS management and formulated 13 clinical questions that were sent to systematic review group who developed related evidence using Grade method. Finally the GDG developed the recommendations and suggestions of the guideline., Results: The first three questions in the guideline focus on providing recommendations for handling a patient who experience chest pain at home, in a health house or center, during ambulance transportation, and upon arrival at the emergency department (ED) as well as the initial diagnostic measures in the ED. Subsequently, the recommendations related to the criteria for categorizing patients into low, intermediate and high-risk groups are presented. The guideline addressed primary treatment measures for ACS patients in hospitals with and without code 247 or having primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) facilities, and the appropriate timing for PCI based on the risk assessment. In addition, the most efficacious antiplatelet medications for ACS patients in the ED as well as its optimal duration of treatment are presented. The guideline details the recommendations for therapeutic interventions in patients with ACS and acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), multivessel occlusion, as well as the indication for prescribing a combined use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet during hospitalization and upon discharge. Regarding secondary prevention, while emphasizing the referral of these patients to rehabilitation centers, other interventions that include pharmaceutical and nonpharmacological ones are addressed, In addition, necessary recommendations for enhancing lifestyle and posthospital discharge pharmaceutical treatments, including their duration, are provided. There are specific recommendations and suggestions for subgroups, such as patients aged over 75 years and individuals with heart failure, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease., Conclusion: Developing guidelines for ACS diagnosis, treatment and secondary prevention according to the local context in Iran can improve the adherence of our health care providers, patients health, and policy makers plans., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Research in Medical Sciences.)

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and erectile dysfunction (ED) frequently co-occur, significantly affecting the quality of life of individuals., Aim: To assess the impact of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on ED in patients with CVD through a systematic review and meta-analysis., Methods: This study analyzed randomized controlled trials and other studies comparing CR with usual care for adult males (≥18 years) with any cardiac disease. Literature searches were extensive, and the risk of bias was evaluated by the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Data from 6 studies involving 668 participants were included in the meta-analysis., Outcomes: The primary outcome was the improvement in ED, as measured with the International Index of Erectile Function., Results: A statistically significant improvement in erectile function was observed across 6 studies, with a Morris dppc2 effect size of 0.38 (95% CI, 0.17-0.59). Despite initial high heterogeneity ( I 2  = 95.7%), identification and correction for selective outcome reporting bias mitigated this issue., Clinical Translation: CR has a modest but statistically significant impact on improving ED in patients with CVD, indicating its potential positive contribution to the quality of life of this group., Strengths and Limitations: The study's strengths include a comprehensive literature search and a rigorous methodological approach. Limitations involve high heterogeneity among studies and a low level of evidence due to small sample sizes and study quality; however, the source of heterogeneity was identified and mitigated following risk-of-bias assessment., Conclusion: The results suggest that CR has a statistically significant but modest impact on improving ED in patients with CVD. Clinicians should consider the integration of CR into the clinical management of these individuals. This study underscores the potential for CR to contribute positively to the quality of life for patients with CVD by addressing associated ED (PROSPERO: CRD42022374625)., Competing Interests: None declared., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The International Society of Sexual Medicine.)

Considering the worldwide mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the necessity of using multiple pills due to the chronicity of this condition, and the importance of medication adherence in these patients, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the polypill effect on adherence in patients with established CVD and at high risk. To accomplish this review, we searched various databases to access grey literature and several electronic databases to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing polypills compared to individual pills from January 2000 to October 2022. The outcomes were primarily medication adherence, secondarily systolic blood pressure (SBP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) serum level, and serious adverse events (SAEs). Ultimately, 2820 studies were detected and narrowed to 8 RCTs based on the eligibility criteria. In this study, involving 7364 patients, there was a significant improvement in medication adherence in the polypill group compared to the individual pills group (Risk Ratio [RR] = 1.29; [95%CI: 1.10; 1.50]). Out of secondary outcomes, SBP was significantly decreased (Mean Difference [MD] = -1.72 mmHg; [95%CI: -2.40; 1.03]), but LDL-C serum level (MD = -0.65 mg/dl; [95%CI: -4.47; 3.16]) and SAE (RR = 1.08; [95%CI: f0.98; 1.20]) did not have a notable difference in polypill compared to individual pills., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The present study was evaluated by the incidence of vitamin D deficiency and management of hemodialysis (HD) patients with low doses of vitamin D over 6 months. This uncontrolled open-label trial was fulfilled in descriptive and then analytical phases from 2008 to 2010 recruiting chronic HD patients in our province. For this purpose, 169 patients undergoing regular HD were randomly selected and their vitamin D level was measured. Then, 54 patients with vitamin D levels less than 30 ng/mL entered the second phase. This group received 50,000 IU vitamin D3 monthly for 6 months. The mean vitamin D level in 169 patients was 21.73 ± 20.27 ng/mL. As well, 62.7% had vitamin D levels less than 30 ng/mL. Following the six-month intervention, mean vitamin D levels elevated significantly from 17.03 ± 7.4 to 42.8 ± 16.9 ng/mL (P < .0001). In this study, the incidence rate of vitamin D deficiency was 62.7%, lower than that in previous research in patients undergoing chronic HD. Vitamin D3 administration at lower doses than healthy people could significantly increase vitamin D level., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Education and Health Promotion.)

Background: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a common injury among athletes. Research has reported reduced dorsiflexion range of motion, impairment of proprioception, and decreased muscle strength of the ankle in people with CAI. The aim of this research was to examine the effects of 8-week core stability training on stable and unstable surfaces on ankle muscular strength, proprioception, and dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) in athletes with CAI., Methods: Thirty-six athletes with CAI (age 22.42 ± 2.76 years; height 169.11 ± 3.52 cm; weight 68.46 ± 2.75 kg) participated in this study. They were divided into three groups: unstable-surface group (UG) (n = 12), stable-surface group (SG) (n = 12), and control group (CG) (n = 12). The UG and SG performed the core stability exercise protocol for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. The CG received their usual care and daily activities. Outcomes were measured pre-sessions and post-sessions., Results: The peak torque showed significant increases in the UG and SG compared with the CG during plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion (P < 0.05). There were also significant increases in UG compared with SG (P < 0.05). The proprioception showed significant decreases in UG compared with SG and CG (P < 0.05). The dorsiflexion ROM showed significant increases in UG and SG compared with CG. There were also significant increases in UG compared with SG (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: It seems that core stability exercises on trampoline surface helps improve the measured parameters in athletes with ankle instability. Therefore, this type of training is recommended as a therapeutic option for Individuals with CAI., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this article., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The vascular endothelial growth factor is one of the most potent tumor angiogenic factors. The best descriptors with the imperialist competitive algorithm are MATS2m, DISPe, G(O…Cl), RDF090m, Mor30v, and R2u. Masses, electro negativities, van der Waals volumes, the d COMMA2 value, the sum of the geometrical distance between O…Cl and autocorrelations are important in our study. The SMILES files have been used with Coral Sea software. We had: n =5, R ² =0.5857, Q ² =0.5170, F=4 (Calibration set), n =11, R ² =0.9842, Q ² =0.9807, F=560 (Training set), n = 5, R ² = 0.9999, Q ² = 0.9995, F = 25054 (invTrain).

Nephrolithiasis is a common disease entity around the world, with an increasing prevalence and incidence. There is no consolidated information available on the cause of kidney stones in Iranian patients. As a result, we decided to review the etiology of kidney stones in Iran. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google scholar, and Scientific Information Database (SID) were searched with the following keywords "Nephrolithiasis", "Renal stone", "Kidney stone", "Urolithiasis", "Etiology", "Metabolic abnormalities", and "Iran". There was no time period limit for selection of the papers. The inclusion criteria included any paper on evaluation of urine biochemistry regarding stone formation in Iranian adult patients (with or without children) with nephrolithiasis. We found 217 articles, of which 9 were eventually included. In conclusion, 1896 patients with nephrolithiasis from 6 provinces and 7 cities of Iran with different climates from 2000 to 2019 were evaluated collectively. The results showed that in contrast to western countries, hypercalciuria was not the most common biochemical disorder of patients with nephrolithiasis (18.2% vs. 30 to 60%). Low urine volume (49.6%) and hypocitraturia (27%) were the most frequent urine abnormalities in our country.  DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7055.

Background: Neuropathy control and management is an objective in therapeutic exercises prescribed for patients with Type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy. We examined the effects of 12-week integrated exercise (IE) on glycemic control and peripheral sensation criteria in patients with diabetic neuropathy., Methods: This study was carried out in 2019-2020 in Janan diabetic society of Najaf Abad in Iran. Based on MNSI scores, we assigned 40 patients into two equal paired random groups (control vs. IE). Pre and posttests were administered before and after three months of intervention., Results: Repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant interaction effect between the FBS of the groups ( P = 0.26) but significant interaction effects were observed between the levels of 2 hrs pp G, 4 pm G, HbA1c, Diapason, Monofilament, and Thermofeel in favor of the IE group ( P < 0.05)., Conclusions: At the beginning of IE, we used massage and foam roller to release pain and improve blood circulation as well as sensation in the neuropathic areas. This may have helped the patients perform the aerobic and resistance exercises more easily. Therefore, better glycemic control and peripheral sensation were achieved. Verification of the long-term effects of this training strategy requires further study. Verification of the long-term effects of this training strategy requires further study., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 International Journal of Preventive Medicine.)

In this study, the phytochemical profile, the essential oil composition of an Iranian accession of Artemisia sieberi and their antioxidant and antifungal properties were investigated. The amount of essential oil yield was 1.5% (w/v) and twenty two components were identified by GC-MS analysis being camphor (33.64%), 1,8-cineole (25.66%) and chrysanthenone (7.86%) the major compounds. The amount of total polyphenols and flavonoids, total ascorbic acid and carotenoid content of A. sieberi extract were determined, and resulted in 666.26 mg GAE/100g DW, 54.77 mg QUE/100g DW, 153.585 mg/100g DW, and 907.18 mg/100g FW, respectively. Highest antioxidant activity based on DPPH bioassay was recorded in essential oil (84.04%) and extract (89.33%). Furthermore, the essential oil of A. sieberi tested for its antifungal activity, demonstrated to reduce significantly the mycelium growth rate of Botrytis cinerea , that is, no mycelial growth was observed at concentrations 1000 and 1500 μll -1 .

Introduction: Sirolimus (Rapamune) is an important immunosuppressive drug in kidney transplant patients. The usual maintenance dose of Sirolimus in these patients is 2 to 5 mg/d and its optimal maintenance trough level is 5 to 10 ng/mL. The required Sirolimus doses may differ markedly from patient to patient. It is because of high inter and intrapatient variability in its pharmacokinetics. There have been no studies in Iran on the correlation of Sirolimus blood level and its target dose. This study has been done to show the target dose of Sirolimus in kidney transplanted patients in Isfahan., Methods: This is a longitudinal cross-sectional study conducted from June 2018 to September 2019. The study population included all kidney transplanted patients treated with Sirolimus in a nephrology private clinic. Inclusion criteria were age (equal or more than 18 years old) and the existence of complete data in the patient's file. The participants were excluded if there were not at least two Sirolimus levels in the patient's file. Demographics and other variables were extracted from the patient's files., Results: Sirolimus was prescribed for seventy-three patients. Sixteen patients did not have the inclusion criteria. Fifty-seven renal transplanted patients were included in the study. The mean starting dose of Sirolimus in these patients was 2 ± 0.19 mg/d. The mean of the Sirolimus dose was 1.2 ± 0.44 mg/d. There was more than 20% GFR improvement in 68% of the patients after changing the Calcineurin Inhibitor to Sirolimus (P < .05)., Conclusion: In a significant number of patients changing CNI to Sirolimus accompanied by GFR improvement. Contrary to the recommended dose of Sirolimus in the references (2 to 5 mg/d) Iranian kidney transplant recipients needed lower daily doses of Sirolimus (1.2 mg/d) to achieve the desired whole blood level. Further studies are recommended to confirm it.

Background: Diazinon is one of the most common pesticides in the world playing a similar role to radiation and it could cause DNA breaks and genetic effects., Objective: In this study, radiosensitivity of a lymphoblastic cell line pretreated by Diazinon was investigated., Material and Methods: In this case-control study, the human lymphoblastic T-cell line was divided into 6 groups based on receiving radiation or/and Diazinon. After that, the DNA damage, in all of the groups, were counted by cytokinesis-block micronuclei assay using different indices., Results: The mean frequency of micronuclei, nuclear bridges and nuclear buds in cell groups exposed by both Diazinon and radiation were remarkably higher than the other groups which just received radiation or Diazinon alone. The interaction between radiation and Diazinon treatment was statistically significant for NBUDS index., Conclusion: The results indicated that the Diazinon contamination could affect the radiosensitivity index of cancerous cells while further molecular and in-vivo studies are needed to investigate genetic and toxic effects of Diazinon on DNA and its repair system., (Copyright: © Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering.)

Essential oils (EOs) are some of the outstanding compounds found in Thymus that can exert antifungal, phytotoxic, and insecticidal activities, which encourage their exploration and potential use for agricultural and food purposes. The essential oils (EO) obtained from Thymus kotschyanus collected in the East Azerbaijan Province (Iran) were characterized using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Thymol was the most important compound (60.48%), although 35 other active compounds were identified in the EO. Significant amounts of carvacrol (3.08%), p -cymene (5.56%), and γ-terpinene (6.67%) were found in the EO. The T. kotschyanus EO was tested against important phytopathogenic fungi ( Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus niger , and Penicillium expansum ). The antifungal assay showed that the use of ≥500 ppm of EO resulted in a fungicidal effect against all funguses tested. In a similar way, the use of ≥500 ppm of EO inhibited the germination of all crop weed seeds ( Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Panicum miliaceum L.) and their subsequent growth, which demonstrated its herbicidal effect. Finally, the insecticidal capacity of T. kotschyanus EO was also observed against selected insects ( Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Sitophilus oryzae ). O. surinamensis was more susceptible to the effect of EO (LC 50 = 4.78 µL/L air) than S. oryzae (LC 50 = 13.20 µL/L air). The obtained results of the present study can provide new safe resources to the development of new products for the food, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Chemical constitutes and phytotoxic activity of Cuminum cymiunm L. is investigated in the present study. For this means seeds of C. cyminum L. was harvested from Ilkhchi of Iran. The major components of essential oil (EO) with more than 94% were 3-caren-10-al, cuminal, 2-Caren-10-al, γ-Terpinene, (-)-β-Pinene and p -Cymene. This study found that cumin EO displayed meaningful inhibitory impacts on germination indices and the growth of the seedlings of Amaranthus retroflexus , Lactuca sativa, and Acroptilon repens . The germination indices showed severely concentration-dependent responses. In the case of A. retroflexus and L. sativa germination indices were controlled in the 500 ppm and in the A. repens were inhibited in the 1500 ppm of EO concentration. Overall, this study suggests that EO derived from C. cyminum L. looks to be a promising candidate for its utilization as a natural herbicide in large scale.[Formula: see text].

Context: Muscle weakness and sensory deficits cause impaired balance and walking abilities that are prerequisites for independent activity of daily living in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent physical exercises tailored to improve the activity of daily living people with MS have focused on the functional training., Objective: To investigate the effect of total body resistance exercise suspension training on mobility, proprioception, and muscle strength of the knee in people with MS., Design: Single-blind pretest and posttest control group design., Setting: Referral Center of Multiple Sclerosis Society., Participants: Thirty-four women with relapsing-remitting MS were participated in this study. The mean (SD) of their age was 36.44 (4.88) years, and the Expanded Disability Status Scale was 2.35 (0.94). The participants were divided into 2 groups: control group (n = 15) and training group (n = 19)., Intervention: The training group performed the total body resistance exercise program for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. The control group received their usual care and daily activities. Outcomes were measured presessions and postsessions., Main Outcome Measures: Mobility was assessed with Timed Up and Go test, 10-m walk maximum test, 2 minute walk test, and 5-time sit-to-stand test. Knee proprioception absolute error and isometric strength of knee flexor and extensor muscles were measured by using a biodex isokinetic dynamometer., Results: In the training group, mobility (P = .001), maximal voluntary isometric contraction of knee flexor and extensor muscles in both legs (P > .05), and the knee proprioception absolute error in nondominant leg at 60° knee flexion (P = .02) improved significantly compared with the control group., Conclusion: Total body resistance exercise is a functional and safe intervention that can improve the mobility and muscles strength of the knee in a short period in people with MS.

Purpose: Firefighters require a high level of functional fitness to operate safely, effectively, and efficiently. The authors studied the distribution of functional movement screen (FMS) scores in firefighters and examined whether an 8-week corrective exercise program based on National Academy of Sport Medicine guidelines could improve them., Methods: All 524 active firefighters of a city completed the baseline FMS testing. Those who obtained a score of 14 or less, a sign of movement dysfunction, and volunteered to continue their participation were randomly assigned to either an experimental (n = 51) or a control (n = 45) group. Both groups participated in an 8-week training program. The control group used their own usual training routine, but the experimental group used the specific protocol designed for the study., Results: The FMS scores of 43% of the population were less than 14. Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction between FMS scores of the groups (F1,94 =165, P < .001). The experimental group showed a 69% improvement from pretest (10.6) to posttest (17.8), whereas the control group showed only a 3% improvement from pretest (11.8) to posttest (12.1)., Conclusions: Preceding studies have shown that FMS scores less than 14 increase the injury risk. The findings showed that using our proposed training protocol, low FMS scores could be improved to 14 and higher. Considering the high injury rate of firefighters, the authors suggest administering FMS periodically and to use a training protocol such as ours, to increase functional fitness and reduce injury risk.

Background: One of the treatment methods for increasing the ovarian response to ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD). The optimal amount of the electrosurgical energy discharged in the ovaries to achieve maximum treatment response with minimal follicle injury is unknown. This study was performed to compare the success level of LOD by means of standard and dose-adjusted treatment methods among infertile clomiphene-resistant PCOS women., Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on infertile clomiphene citrate-resistant PCOS women in the Gynaecology Department of Imam Reza Hospital between 2016 and 2017. The patients were randomly divided into two groups based on the ovarian cautery method. The two groups were examined and compared regarding the antral follicles, the serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), androgens, and mid-luteal progesterone one month after surgery. The regularity of cycles, ovulation, and pregnancy were examined monthly up to six months after surgery., Results: In total, 60 women received bilateral LOD (n=30 per group). The level of AMH (P=0.73), testosterone (P=0.91), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS, P=0.16) did not differ at study entrance and one month after ovarian cautery [P=0.94 (AMH), P=0.46 (testosterone), and P=0.12 (DHEAS)] and for postoperative mid-luteal progesterone (P=0.31). Intragroup comparisons showed a statistically significant difference in the decrease in the number of antral follicles and testosterone in the standard group (P=0.02) and AMH level in the cautionary dose-adjusted group (P=0.04). We observed no difference in cycle regularity (P=0.22), ovulation (P=0.11), and pregnancy (P=0.40) between the two groups after six months., Conclusion: The results indicated that there was no difference between the two methods of ovarian cautery with regards to establishing cycle regularity and ovulation. The standard treatment was effective in decreasing the numbers of antral follicles and testosterone levels, whereas the dose-adjusted method significantly affected the decrease in AMH levels (Registration Number: IRCT20171210037820N1)., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright© by Royan Institute. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive disorder that mainly affects the central nervous system and, consequently, the patient's functional status. This study aimed to compare the effect of 8-week rebound therapy-based exercise program and weight-supported exercises on the range of motion, proprioception, and the quality of life in patients with PD., Methods: Twenty patients were randomly divided into two equal groups of weight-bearing exercises and rebound exercise with no significant differences in age, weight, and height. The variables of the range of motion, proprioception, and the quality of life were assessed in pre- and posttest. Data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA and t-test at a significant level of P < 0.05., Results: All of the variables in the two groups were significantly improved after 8 weeks of exercise, whereas the improvement rate in the rebound therapy group was more than the weight-bearing exercises group in range of motion (134.60 ± 13.22 vs. 118.38 ± 12.48), proprioception (7.60 ± 3.22 vs. 10.38 ± 2.48), and the quality of life (147.60 ± 13.22 vs. 118.38 ± 12.48) of the patients ( P < 0.001 for all variables)., Conclusions: Given that both rebound and weight-supported exercises are effective on improving the range of motion, proprioception, and the quality of life of people with PD, it is recommended that the benefits of these exercises to be used in physical rehabilitation programs. However, rebound therapy exercises have had a greater effect on people with PD, and it seems better to use these exercises more than others., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Background: Hyperkyphosis is often accompanied by forward head and shoulder postures. Together, these three disorders are called "Upper Cross Syndrome (UCS)". We aimed to perform a photogrammetric analysis of UCS among teachers and to determine the effects of National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) exercises with ergonomic training interventions on the syndrome., Study Design: A semi-experimental study., Methods: Photogrammetric analysis was performed using the UCS software among teachers in order to determine the angles of forward head, rounded shoulders, and hyperkyphosis. Twenty-three teachers were selected purposefully and enrolled in Fasa City in 2018. They were randomly divided into experimental (n=12) and control (n=11) groups. Experimental group attended 12 wk of NASM exercises with ergonomic intervention but the control group did not participate in any regular exercise. The data were analyzed using paired t-test and differential independent t-test (P<0.05)., Results: The results indicated a significant decrease in forward head (P=0.001), shoulder angles (P=0.000) and hyperkyphosis (P=0.003). The applied intervention had a 90% positive effect in reducing the forward head angle, an 88% positive effect in reducing the rounded shoulder angle and a 90% positive effect in reducing the kyphosis angle. However, the results for the control group did not show a significant difference for forward head, rounded shoulders, and hyperkyphosis angles., Conclusion: The UCS software application can be used as an accurate instrument for measuring the extent of the UCS. Moreover, using NASM exercises can lead to a reduction in the UCS among teachers.

Background : To resolve the impairments associated with spinal cord injury (SCI), such as decreased balance, patients have been recommended to undergo various therapeutic strategies, including the use of different physical exercise methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of using rebound therapy (exercise on a trampoline) on SCI individuals' static stability. Methods : Sixteen people with SCI (American Spinal Cord Association classification: A = 6, B = 6, C = 2, and D = 2) were randomly assigned to an experimental (rebound exercise) group or a control group. The rebound therapy exercise program, lasting 12 weeks, was performed by means of a modified trampoline. During the said period, the experimental group received rebound therapy exercise for 10 to 30 minutes 3 sessions a week. Standing stability parameters (ie, excursion, velocity, and path length of the center of pressure in mediolateral and anteroposterior plane) were assessed before and after the exercise intervention by Kistler force plate (50 × 60 cm). Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. Results : Significant interactions were observed for all 6 dependent variables except excursion of the center of pressure in mediolateral and the path length of center of pressure in anteroposterior plane ( P  < .01). This means that the control group had no progress, whereas the experimental group made a significant improvement in terms of static stability. Conclusion : The results of this study confirmed that rebound therapy could reinforce the static stability of individuals with SCI during motionless standing. It suggests that rebound exercise is a useful sports rehabilitation method for patients with SCI and other wheelchair-bound individuals.

Chemical composition, antifungal and antioxidant properties of essential oil extracted from Cuminum cyminum from Iran was studied. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 18 components, with 3-caren-10-al and cuminal as the principal constituents. Hierarchical cluster analysis and antioxidant capacities showed that this essential oil made a single group at 64 unit distinct from other reported essential oils extracted from cumin in the literature and was with high antioxidant activity [150 µL exhibiting strong reducing power; 2200 (FRAP) μmol/L Fe +2 during 15 min and ~ 89 DPPH % at 60 min]. The antifungal effects of the essential oil against three postharvest fungal pathogens, Botrytis cinerea , Aspergillus niger and Penicillim expansum revealed that at concentrations of ≥ 750 µL/L, the mycelial growth of the tested fungi were completely inhibited. Overall, the essential oil derived from this new cumin chemovar could be a promising candidate for its utilization as a natural preservative.

Neurotrophins are small molecules of polypeptides, which include nerve growth factor (NGF) family, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligands, and neuropoietic cytokines. These factors have an important role in neural regeneration, remyelination, and regulating the development of the peripheral and central nervous systems (PNS and CNS, respectively) by intracellular signaling through specific receptors. It has been suggested that the pathogenesis of human neurodegenerative disorders may be due to an alteration in the neurotrophic factors and their receptors. The use of neurotrophic factors as therapeutic agents is a novel strategy for restoring and maintaining neuronal function during neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis. Innate and adaptive immune responses contribute to pathology of neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, autoimmune and mesenchymal stem cells, by the release of neurotrophic factors, have the ability to protect neuronal population and can efficiently suppress the formation of new lesions. So, these cells may be an alternative source for delivering neurotrophic factors into the CNS.

Background: It can be concluded from the existing theories that parental education status, by affecting socioeconomical status of families, can impact the incidence of violent behaviors in teenagers. Therefore, this study was conducted aiming at investigating the relationship between parental education and teenagers' knowledge of violent behaviors and their incidences., Methods: For this cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study, a sample of 5500 teenager students from Isfahan province were selected by random cluster sampling and responded to a 61-item questionnaire. The data collected from by questionnaire was analyzed by Spearman's statistical correlation and multiple regression methods., Results: Most of the students under study (89.1%) were living in cities and the rest were rural dwellers. In terms of gender, female to male ratio was approximately equal (49.8% vs. 50.2%). The statistical results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between practice and knowledge (R = 0.092 and P = 0.00), but there is no significant relationship between parental education and practice and there is a significant relationship between parental education and knowledge (Mothers' education P = 0.00 and R = 0.121 and fathers' education P = 0.00 and R = 0.109). Moreover, there was a positive significant relationship between teenagers' knowledge of violence consequences (P = 0.005 and B = 0.048) violent behavior causes (P = 0.00 B = 0.085) and methods of preventing violent behaviors (P = 0.00 and B = 0.085) with teenagers' practice., Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study that indicates teenagers are less aware of the consequences of violent behavior compared to other subscales of knowledge, it is better that teenagers' education about the violent behaviors are more about the consequences of violent behavior rather than its definitions. Moreover, parental education is related to teenagers' knowledge of the violent behavior so it is better that in various grades more comprehensive and suitable information regarding violent behaviors be presented.

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of stress management training through cognitive-behavioral techniques on stress, social adaptability and depression in women with depression disorders., Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 patients diagnosed with depression who had referred to psychiatry and consultation clinics of Isfahan were randomly selected and assigned to intervention and control groups (20 patients in each group). The intervention group received eight 90-min sessions of stress training through cognitive-behavioral techniques. Data collection tools included Cooper's stress questionnaire, Bell's social adaptability questionnaire and Hamilton's depression scale questionnaire. The participants completed the questionnaires before the intervention and 1 month after the same. Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis., Results: Based on the results, considering variables of stress, social adaptability and depression, the equal variance hypothesis was confirmed. The relationship between pre- and post-test scores on stress, social adaptability and depression was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The modified mean difference was F = 12.45, P < 0.001 on stress; F = 6.88, P < 0.01 on social adaptability; and F = 5.36, P < 0.02 on depression, all of which were significant., Conclusion: Stress management training through cognitive behavioral techniques can play a main role in depression reduction and development of social adaptability through modifying inappropriate social information-processing patterns.