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This study aims to employ the extended direct algebraic method (EDAM) to generate and evaluate soliton solutions to the nonlinear, space-time conformable Estevez Mansfield-Clarkson equation (CEMCE), which is utilized to simulate shallow water waves. The proposed method entails transforming nonlinear fractional partial differential equations (NFPDEs) into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (NODEs) under the assumption of a finite series solution by utilizing Riccati ordinary differential equations. Various mathematical structures/solutions for the current model are derived in the form of rational, exponential, trigonometric, and hyperbolic functions. The wide range of obtained solutions allows for a thorough analysis of their actual wave characteristics. The 3D and 2D graphs are used to illustrate that these behaviors consistently manifest as periodic, dark, and bright kink solitons. Notably, the produced soliton solutions offer new and critical insights into the intricate behaviors of the CEMCE by illuminating the basic mechanics of the wave's interaction and propagation. By analyzing these solutions, academics can better understand the model's behavior in various settings. These solutions shed light on complicated issues such as configuration dispersion in liquid drops and wave behavior in shallow water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we solve the fractional advection–dispersion equation (FADE) by applying the Laplace transform decomposition method (LTDM) and the variational iteration transform method (VITM). The Atangana–Baleanu (AB) sense is used to describe the fractional derivative. This equation is utilized to determine solute transport in groundwater and soils. The FADE is converted into a system of non-linear algebraic equations whose solution leads to the approximate solution for this equation using the techniques presented. The proposed approximate method's convergence is examined. The suggested method's applicability is demonstrated by testing it on several illustrative examples. The series solutions to the specified issues are obtained, and they contain components that converge more quickly to the precise solutions. The actual and estimated results are demonstrated in graphs and tables to be quite similar, demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed strategy. The innovation of the current work is in the application of an effective method that requires less calculation and achieves a greater level of accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed approaches may be implemented to prove their utility in tackling fractional-order problems in science and engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the effect of the testing method configuration on the bi-axial flexural strength (BFS) of three resin-based dental composites (RDCs). A total of 180 disc-shaped samples (12 mm diameter x 1 mm thickness) for each RDC were fabricated using split back nylon mould. The BFS was determined for specimens made in three commercial RDCs; microhybrid (MH), nanofilled paste (NFP) and nanofilled flowable (NFF) using the ring-on-ring (RoR; n = 90 for each RDC specimens) and ball-on-ring (BoR; n = 90 for each RDC specimens) configurations at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min. RDC specimens of MH and NFP tested in the BoR configuration showed higher mean BFS values compared to those tested in the RoR configuration. (p < 0.001). The effect of test configuration on BFS values was insignificant for the specimens belonging to the NFF group (p = 0.207). Moreover, the Weibull modulus of NFF in the RoR configuration was statistically lower compared to those for NFF in the BoR configuration as the 95% confidence interval of Weibull modulus did not overlap. The specimen support and testing configuration significantly impacted the BFS value of the RDCs. The Weibull statistics appeared to be inappropriate for all kinds of RDCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize three experimental resin based composites (RBCs) out of a commercial preperation (Control) by impregnating into each a fixed weight (0.01%) of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and three different weight % (0.01, 0.02 and 0.03) of proanthocyanidin (PA) and to compare antibacterial property, from the zones of inhibition of streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), of the specimen restorations made in the experimental and control RBCs. METHODOLOGY: In the first phase, Streptococcus mutans were isolated and identified from the oral cavity of patients and identified on the basis of morphogenic appearance of colonies and confirmed through catalase test and microscopic examination. Isolates were then incubated and cultured for sensitivity. Specimens for control and experimental RBCs were made through a metallic mold having 2mm thickness and 5mm diameter for all the 4 groups. Specimen restorations made in the commercial as supplied RBC acted as the control (Group A). Specimen restorations in the Group B, C, and D were made in each of the experimental RBCs modified with 0.01% proanthocyanidin (PA) and 0.01% titanium dioxide (TiO2), 0.02% PA and 0.01% TiO2 and 0.03% PA and 0.01% TiO2. The antimicrobial property of all the specimen restorations in all the groups was evaluated by Bauer-Kirby (Disc Diffusion) method through the formation of zones of inhibition of S. mutans colonies on blood agar plates. Data were computed using SPSS version 21 for descriptive statistics and analyzed using one-way ANOVA with p value 0.05 taken as significant. RESULTS: The range of the zone of inhibition for specimen RBC restorations (N= 12) containing PA and TiO2 was 0.00 for Group A, 10-12mm for Group B, 12-14mm for Group C and 9-10mm for Group D. The mean inhibition zone for the experimental restoration specimens was 11±2mm for Group B, 12.7±1mm for Group C and 9.7±1mm for Group D compared to no inhibition zones (0.00 mm) with the control RBC Group A. The order of the inhibition zones from maximum to minimum was Group C > Group B > Group D > Group A. The differences between the mean values for the control and the experimental RBC restoration specimens were significant (p < 0.000). The specimen restorations in the Group D appeared under cured and could impact on their mechanical properties. CONCLUSION: Irrespective of the mentioned concentrations, impregnating PA and TiO2 rendered the RBC antimicrobial. RBC restorations made with the experimental RBC with 0.02% PA and 0.01% TiO2 proved relatively more effective in terms of antimicrobial effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of various specimen storage conditions on the properties (surface hardness, biaxial flexural strength (BFS), water sorption and solubility) of a restorative dental resin composite. Disc-shaped specimens (12× 1 mm) of light cured dental resin composite were stored under three different wet storage conditions (stacked, upright on edge and one surface exposed) for 1 and 13 weeks prior to testing the properties of the materials (BFS, surface hardness, water sorption and solubility). The control and stacked groups specimens showed no considerable changes in the BFS with storage time (1and 13 weeks). The BFS of one surface exposed specimens and upright on edge specimens was substantially reduced after 13 weeks of storage. The different storage conditions significantly influenced various properties (biaxial flexural strength, hardness, water sorption and solubility) of dental composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect, on fracture toughness (KIc), of impregnating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and bioactive glass (BAG) in resin based composites (RBCs). METHODOLOGY: During the period from August 2016 to May 2018, this study was performed at Peshawar Dental College (Pakistan) and Montreal University (Canada), using; a commercial RBC and experimental RBCs with or without BAG content (5-15wt%), and AgNPs (0.009%). Standardized specimens (n=6) were made in each of five RBCs (G1-G5). AgNPs were synthesized and characterized by uv-vis spectroscopy. With universal testing machine, the KIc for RBCs specimens was computed. SEM and dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to assess the size and form of the prepared silica. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used for data analyses. RESULTS: KIc values varied both within and between RBCs groups. The commercial RBC had highest mean KIc (G1=1.03+0.24). Mean KIc values for the experimental RBCs were; G2=0.69±0.14, G3=0.9±0.13, G4=0.9±0.14 and G5=0.69±0.13. The only RBC groups that had statistically significant variations between their mean KIc values were; G1-G2 (p=0.017) & G1-G5 (p=0.017). SEM and DLS analysis of synthesized silica particles having round shape and sizes of 0.9-1µm. Uv-vis spectroscopy of AgNPs showed round shape with size up to 20nm. CONCLUSION: The KIc of the experimental RBCs with BAG (5-10 wt%) and AgNPs (0.009%) was not significantly different than the commercial RBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supervisor of postgraduate research and education must ensure that scholars are professionally developed and made competent not only in their respective fields but also come out as graduates out of the institutions as useful members of the society and role-models. So far, a supervision that ensures mutual respect and the observing of office hours for learning, meetings, seminars and work has been considered useful and important. The current Covid-19 outbreak in the entire globe has disrupted all educational activities to happen in the educational institutions and research laboratories. The declaration, as public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO), of the Covid-19, has required all governments and communities to contain, prevent and control this dreadful virus and infection. In this regard, people including students and teachers at all levels, have been forced to observe social distancing and establish working from their homes. This unique working situation has created the need to use alternative approaches to teaching and monitoring of learning and research activities. This writing aims to elaborate upon some aspects of remote teaching and supervision of graduate students. It is hoped that it will provide useful guidance both for supervisors and their students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lumbosacral transitional vertebra is a common anatomical variant of the spine that possibly is related to low back pain. The objective is to determine the frequency of Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae on lumbosacral radiographs in patients with low back pain visiting Neurosurgery OPD of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on radiographs of lumbosacral spine in patients visiting for low back pain to the Neurosurgery OPD of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar. A total of 300 anteroposterior (AP) and lateral lumbosacral plain radiographs were studied for the variation in lumbosacral spinal segment. The transition was classified according to the scheme used by Castellvi. Results: Among a total of 300 patients, normal anatomy of lumbosacral segments was observed in 215 patients (72%). About 85 cases (28%) showed Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae. The relationship of vertebral variation with age and gender was not observed. With regard to morphology, 29 (34.1%) patients had Castellvi type I, 26 cases (30.5%) were observed with Castellvi type II and 12 patients (14.1%) had type III while 18 cases (21.2%) had type IV transitional morphology. Conclusion: Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae are commonly found in patient with low back pain. Identification of Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae is clinically important to prevent an intervention at an incorrect vertebral level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Study aims to determine frequency of complications due to intra abdominal surgery. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study Study duration and place: Study was conducted at department of surgery, Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex, Nowshera, KPK. Th is study was carried out from March 2018- August 2018. Material and methods: Sample size of 82 patients was calculated using WHO calculator. Non probability consecutive sampling technique was used. Ethical approval and consent forms were taken. Patients were undergone intra-abdominal drainage surgical procedure and followed aft er 2 weeks for complications. SPSS soft ware was used for data analysis purpose. Chisquare test was applied. P value .0.05 was considered significant. Results: Present study includes 82 patients. Mean age of patients was 42.7years±7.9SD. There were 48(58.5%) male and 34(41.5%) female. Success rate was =50% in 28(34.1%) patients and >50% in 54(65.9%) patients. most common complication of intra-abdominal drainage is re-hospitalization 30(36.6%), followed by fi stula formation 18(22%), obstruction of drainage tube falling out 16(19.5%), bleeding and damage 14(17.1%). Manipulation and repositioning required 12(14.6%). Success rate was significantly associated with drain related falling out (p=0.01), manipulation/repositioning required (p=0.00), damage (p=0.02), obstructed (p=0.04), fi stula formation (p=0.00) and bleeding (p=0.00). Conclusion: Intra-abdominal drains has been evolved in last few decades in Pakistan. However, re-hospitalization and fi stula formation are most common complications in current data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]