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Vaccines against vNDV are readily available and potentially protective; nevertheless, improved vaccination protocols are required to prevent clinical disease and discontinue the spread of the virus. This study assessed the effectiveness of two commercial recombinant herpesvirus of turkey vector vaccines (rHVT-NDV-IBDV) that express the fusion (F) protein of NDV and the virus protein 2 (VP2) of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). In commercial broilers with maternally-derived antibodies (MDAs) the efficacy of the rHVT-NDV-IBDV vaccines was evaluated when administered alone, in combination with live-attenuated NDV vaccine at one-day-old, or as part of a prime/boost strategy. The vaccinated birds were challenged with the genotype VIId vNDV strain (NDV/chicken/Egypt/1/2015) at various ages (14, 24 and 35 days). In comparison to sham-vaccinated control birds, the applied vaccination regimens were able to reduce or prevent mortality and virus shedding and clinical disease. Two weeks post-application, the two vector vaccines were serologically reactive with the MDAs and induced protective immune responses against the F protein. In the instance of early challenge at 14 days old, the combination of recombinant rHVT-NDV-IBDV with a live vaccine offered better protection and reduced virus shedding compared to the vector vaccine alone. Boosting with live NDV vaccine at 14 days old increased the protective effect of the vector vaccines and reduced virus shedding and the clinical index after challenge at 24 days old. Both combining and/or boosting with live vaccine together with the vector vaccine provided better protection and minimized virus shedding compared with vaccination with vector vaccine only in the instance of 5-week-old challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Duck viral enteritis (DVE) is an acute and contagious herpes virus infection with a potential threat to domestic and wild waterfowl. In this study, 75% mortality rate with 40% drop in egg production was recorded among the examined flocks. Diagnosis of the disease was carried out based on the clinical signs, pathology and supported by laboratory confirmation. Microscopically, the presence of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies (IN/IB) in the hepatocytes revealed duck enteritis virus (DEV) infection. DEV was isolated in embryonated duck eggs; 42.6% of the samples showed evidence of infection. The nucleic acid of the DEV was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in 19 out of 68 collected samples (27.9%) with positive amplification of the DNA polymerase gene. This investigation disclosed variation in the disease prevalence among the different ages, breeds, seasons, and immune status of ducks, as the disease was more prevalent among vaccinated flocks (34.8%) than in non-vaccinated ones (24.4%). Accordingly, control efforts can be done to reduce the further outbreaks of DVE in terms of adoption of good management practice, biosecurity measures and increasing awareness about the disease spread and application of proper vaccination regimens. Continuous studies of DEV at the molecular and immunological levels are important for the effectiveness of any control strategy of the disease including vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the results of abdominal sacrohysteropexy using polypropylene mesh in women with uterovaginal prolapse, wishing to preserve their uteri. Prospective observational study. Tertiary referral Gynecology centre. Thirty-three women with symptomatic uterovaginal prolapse operated on by the same surgeon. Sacrohysteropexy performed using polypropylene mesh extending between the back of the uterus at the uterosacral ligaments and the sacrum. Subjective and objective relief of uterine prolapse and operative and post-operative complications. The mean age of the women was 46 years (range 29–65). All were multiparous with mean weight of 83.3 kg (70–96). Pelvic organ prolapse (POP-Q) stage 2 was found in 27 cases (81.8%) and stage 3 in six women (12.2%). Mean operative time was 45.76 min (30–75), and mean hospital stay was 2.45 days. One case suffered rectal injury, one case had median sacral vein injury, both were repaired immediately. Two cases had delayed voiding recovery. The mean follow up time was 6 months. At follow up, only two cases showed recurrence, and the objective and subjective success rates at 6 months were 93.93 and 81.8%, respectively. Abdominal sacrohysteropexy is a safe, efficient surgical technique for treatment of uterine prolapse in women who desire to preserve the uterus. This procedure has a high success rate and is an easy technique with short learning curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ultrasound is an important imaging method in the head and neck area. It is readily available, dynamic, inexpensive, and does not involve radiation exposure. Interventions in the complex head and neck anatomy require good orientation, which is supported by navigation systems., Objective: This work aimed to develop a new ultrasound-controlled navigation system for taking biopsies of small target structures in the head and neck region., Methods: A neck phantom with sonographically detectable masses (size: 8-10 mm) was constructed. These were automatically segmented using a ResNet-50-based deep neural network. The ultrasound scanner was equipped with an individually manufactured tracking tool., Results: The positions of the ultrasound device, the masses, and a puncture needle were recorded in the world coordinate system. In 8 out of 10 cases, an 8‑mm mass was hit. In a special evaluation phantom, the average deviation was calculated to be 2.5 mm. The tracked biopsy needle is aligned and navigated to the masses by auditory feedback., Conclusion: Outstanding advantages compared to conventional navigation systems include renunciation of preoperative tomographic imaging, automatic three-dimensional real-time registration that considers intraoperative tissue displacements, maintenance of the surgeon's optical axis at the surgical site without having to look at a navigation monitor, and working freely with both hands without holding the ultrasound scanner during biopsy taking. The described functional model can also be used in open head and neck surgery., (© 2023. The Author(s).)