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In response to Egypt's escalating water scarcity and pollution, Riverbank Filtration (RBF) technology is emerging as an effective solution to enhance water quality and simplify drinking water provision. This study evaluates RBF at three sites in Upper Egypt by assessing hydrogeological conditions and water quality based on 36 parameters from 2022 to 2023. Findings indicate that RBF efficiently treats infiltrated river water, with all sites meeting turbidity and microbiological standards (Total Bacterial Count and Coliforms), achieving removal rates of approximately 90% and 99%, respectively. Despite these successes, challenges persist in reducing manganese to safe levels, with concentrations at Alsaayda site reaching 0.51 mg/L, over the drinking water safe limit of 0.4 mg/L. To address this, further post-treatment strategies are proposed to remove the excess manganese. A practical application of an Oxidizer at the Bani Murr groundwater treatment plant has demonstrated the effective removal of iron and manganese, bringing their levels down to safe drinking water standards. This case exemplifies a successful solution for iron and manganese removal. This research highlights RBF's potential in water treatment in developing countries, while emphasizing the need for supplementary measures to manage specific contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Uterine fibroids are common benign female neoplasms which are frequently managed by myomectomy to preserve fertility. It is a bloody procedure due its rich blood supply. The application of uterotonics, like oxytocin, has been recommended to decrease blood loss. Carbetocin is a synthetic analogue of oxytocin, that has a more rapid onset and prolonged action. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of carbetocin as an utero-tonic agent on reducing blood loss during hysteroscopic myomectomy. Patients and Methods: We included 40 women with submucous myomas and scheduled for hysteroscopic myomectomy in this prospective randomized trial. They were randomly assigned into two groups; Group A received IV carbetocin (1 ml), and Group B (placebo). Intraoperative bleeding was classified as mild, moderate, and severe, whereas the quality of operative field was classified as good, fair, or poor. Results: Both patient and disease criteria were statistically comparable between the two study groups. However, operative time was significantly prolonged in Group B (33.2 vs. 30.35 minutes in the other group - p = 0.044). The amount of intraoperative bleeding was significantly increased in the same group (p = 0.038). Although preoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit values were comparable between the two groups, both parameters showed a significant decline in the placebo group. Both the quality of operative field and surgeon satisfaction were significantly improved with carbetocin administration. Conclusion: Carbetocin administration is recommended during hysteroscopic myomectomy to decrease blood loss and improve surgeon satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The river's bends are a major feature of rivers as a result of their hydraulic and morphological characteristics where the flow pattern has a three-dimensional (3D) nature. The aim of this research is to study the flow pattern induced morphological changes in river bends, evaluation of secondary currents in the different scenarios of flow, and develop a new equation for estimating the bend scour depth for the Nile River. Twenty bends in the Damietta branch (Nile River) in Egypt were selected where the study was done by conducting a bathymetric survey and 3D velocity measurements by an ADCP. A numerical model (Delft 3D) was applied to simulate the flow pattern in different flow scenarios. In addition, a Geographic information system (GIS) was used to analyze the morphological changes and bend scour depths. Statistical correlation between morphometric and hydraulic characteristics and morphological changes ratios was determined, as the results showed a significant correlation between these parameters. Four equations were selected for predicting bend scour depths. The results showed that the agreement between equations values and measured values is not reliable. Therefore, a new equation was derived to predict bend scour depth in the Nile River where it provides a more accurate prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]