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Due to changes that have occurred in ecological conditions, the requirement to use wastewater has been considered more seriously in the agricultural sector, because agriculture is the source of human nutrition, health and security. Based on this, the purpose of this research was to systematically analysis the components affecting sustainable management of wastewater use (SMWWU) in the viewpoint of critical theory paradigm. Inductive qualitative content analysis (IQCA) was used for systematic analysis. In this regard, the software used was MAXQDA. The statistical population included valid scientific articles and knowledgeable experts in wastewater management in the agricultural sector in Tehran province, Iran. The sampling method for articles was by searching based on keywords and for experts by purposeful method until theoretical saturation was reached. The results of IQCA in the form of a model showed that the six main components "economic," "environmental," "contextual," "individual," "management and planning" and "education and extension" affect SMWWU. Each of these components also includes several factors and variables that can strengthen SMWWU and reduce the water crisis by paying attention to them. The obtained model can be used by policy makers and interested parties in making decisions and planning water protection measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, squeeze film damping in a micro-beam resonator based on micro-polar fluid theory has been investigated. The proposed model for this study consists of a clamped-clamped micro-beam suspended between two fixed stratums. The gap between the micro-beam and stratums is filled with air. Equation of motion governing the transverse deflection of the micro-beam based on strain gradient theory and also non-linear Reynolds equation of the fluid field based on micro-polar theory have been non-dimensionalized, linearized and solved simultaneously to calculate the quality factor of the squeeze film damping. The effect of non-dimensional length scale parameter of the air and micro-beam for different values of micro-polar coupling parameter has been investigated. It has been shown that applying micro-polar theory underestimates and also applying strain gradient theory overestimates the values of quality factor that are obtained in the case of classic theory. The quality factor of the squeeze film damping for different values of non-dimensional length of the beam, squeeze number and non-dimensional pressure have been calculated and compared to the obtained values of quality factor based on classic theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trypanosomiasis is caused by parasitic protozoan trypanosomes in vertebrates. T. cruzi and T. brucei are causative agents of Chagas disease (CD) and Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), respectively. These life-threatening diseases are a serious threat to public health, with considerable incidence in sub-Saharan African and continental Latin America countries. Although WHO validated mitigated number of HAT cases in Togo (June 2020) and Cote d'Ivoire (December 2020), serious efforts need to be performed for the elimination of the disease. Antigenic variation of trypanosomal parasites provides a major bottleneck for developing effective vaccines. In the absence of human vaccines or chemoprophylaxis, the control of trypanosomatid infections may be envisaged through the eradication of vectors, management of animal reservoirs, and chemotherapy. A small number of chemical agents are currently available for antitrypanosomal treatments, and most of them are associated with toxicity, lack of efficacy, and non-oral route of administration. Given the restricted applicability of current medications, numerous efforts have been made for the synthesis and biological evaluation of heterocyclic scaffolds as antitrypanosomal candidates. In light of the above considerations, we were prompted to describe chemical diversity within privileged 5- membered heterocycles (imidazoles, thiazoles, triazoles and tetrazoles) as antitrypanosomal agents. The main purpose of the study was to throw light on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the relevant structures. To capture the recent structural diversity within reported cases, small molecules that belonged to the recent 7-year period (2015-2021) have been discussed. The available medications have also been briefly reviewed., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)