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Purpose: To report a rare case of orbital dermoid cyst, involving the inferior rectus muscle, in a 26-year-old female presenting with proptosis and blurred vision in her right eye. Observations: The unique features of this case are discussed, including the location and contents of the cyst, the surgical approach, and the postoperative outcome. Conclusion and importance: The importance of considering dermoid cysts in the differential diagnosis of an orbital mass involving extraocular muscles and the need for a thorough evaluation to diagnose and manage these rare lesions.

Abstract Background Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a common chronic condition. Its chronic nature may affect the pattern of medication use. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, associated factors, and patterns of polypharmacy and medication use among GERD patients in southwestern Iran. Methods We used data from the Pars Cohort Study. We classified drugs using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system. The Lexicomp® database was used to assess potential drug-drug interactions. Multivariable Poisson regression was applied. Adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. Results A total of 9262 participants were included. Among 2,325 patients with GERD, age-standardized prevalence of polypharmacy was 9.5% (95% CI: 7.5%, 11.6%) in males, and 19.3% (95% CI: 17.2%, 21.4%) in females. The PR of experiencing Polypharmacy by GERD patients compared to non-GERD patients was 1.82 (95% CI: 1.61, 2.05%). Multimorbidity (PR: 3.33; CI: 2.66, 4.15), gender (PR: 1.68; CI: 1.30, 2.18), and metabolic syndrome (PR: 1.77; CI: 1.45, 2.15) were associated with polypharmacy among GERD patients. Drugs for acid-related disorders were the most common used drugs among men, women and elders. We found that 13.9%, 4.2%, and 1.1% of GERD patients had type C, D and X drug interactions, respectively. Conclusion GERD is correlated with a higher prevalence of polypharmacy. Among GERD patients, females, those with multi-morbidities, and those with metabolic syndrome may be affected more by polypharmacy. Considering the fairly high rate of interactions identified, a review of the medication list is essential when approaching GERD patients, and physicians must check for medications that may worsen GERD.

Objective: Self-report of the use of complementary and integrated medicine by patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) can minimize the risk of possible side effects and drug interactions. This study aimed to survey the self-reported use of complementary and integrated medicine by patients with MS in Iran. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in spring 2020 on 577 patients with MS who were selected from the Fars MS Disease Registry using a simple random sampling method. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire and interview, and analyzed in SPSS v. 12 software. Results: There was a significant difference between the self-reported use of complementary and integrated medicine and patients’ gender, marital status, employment status, level of education and the complications of the disease (P≤0.05). Overall, 97% of participants had used at least one of the complementary and integrated medicine items, however, only two-thirds of them declared their use to the physician. The most common used complementary and integrated medicine items were herbal medicines and dietary supplements. Conclusion: Most of MS patients in Shiraz use complementary and integrated medicine. The declaration of the use of these treatments by MS patients may play a role in strengthening the physician-patient relationship as well as strengthening evidence-based policy and better management of MS.