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This study aimed to show the enhanced effect of nanoparticles cobalt ferrite CoFe2O4 with chlorhexidine on Enterococcus faecium isolated from failure root canal treatment cases. Sol-gel technique was used to prepare the spinel cobalt ferrite CoFe2O4 at 200 °C then sintering at 400 °C & 600 °C, whereas the antimicrobial susceptibility test of nanoparticles was carried out according to the Kirby-Bauer technique compared with chlorhexidine. Fifteen isolates of Enterococcus faecium obtained by inserting sterile paper points in root canals, from patients who consulted the Teaching Hospital of Dentistry College at the University of Mosul, Iraq. For the first time, results showed that the nanoparticle cobalt ferrite CoFe2O4 at 400 °C and 600 °C, when mixed with chlorhexidine, give the mean inhibition zone 8.5334 mm and 8.0667mm respectively, while the pure chlorhexidine was providing a mean inhibition zone of 3.1667 mm, and also the nanoparticles cobalt ferrite in both cases of sintering without mixing, there was no antimicrobial effect. Statistical analysis using Duncan showed significant differences among groups (p < 0.05).

Aims: : The study evaluated the prevalence of anaerobic bacteria in the subgingival plaque in periodontitis in relation to pocket depth. Materials and Methods :The study was performed on 97 sub-gingival plague sample , pockets depth were measured , anaerobic bacteria were isolated and identified in relation to pockets depth. Results: In this study high prevalence of anaerobic bacteria in the periodontal pockets of patients suffering from periodontitis compared with the gingival sulcus of healthy subjects with marked shifting from mainly Gram positive facultative anaerobic bacteria in shallow pockets to mainly Gram-negative strict anaerobic bacteria in the deep pockets.Conclusion:. Anaerobic culture used in this study provided information about the susceptibility of the individuals to develop periodontal diseases. on bone.

The Cyperus rotundus tubers are commonly used in folk medicine in many countries as antiparasitic antidepressive and etc ...... The antibacterial effect of the aqueous extracts of this plant was evaluated using selected Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and microdilution technique. The results showed a significant inhibitory effect of 10-2 and 10-3 dilutions of the aqueous extract on all the tested Gram negative but not the Staphylococcus aureus. Key Words: Cyperus rotundus, antimicrobial activity.

This study includes the isolations and diagnoses of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans from the patients with periodontal infections , isolation process has been done through using a selective medium named (Dentaid-1), Samples was cultivated anaerobically at 37°C for 48 hours. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the Cy penis rotundus plant were prepared and their inhibitory effect on the growth of these bacteria was carried on using the disk diffusion method. The results showed significant inhibitory effect on the growth of these bacteria at 50 , 100 and 200 ing /ml compared with tetracycline.