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Military historians can benefit from »multidirectional« postcolonial analyses, which open new possibilities for studying war and militarization. Gendered analysis of the 1978–1979 Kagera War between Tanzania and Uganda crosses the different registers of postcolonialism, inviting military historians to account for war's multidirectional effects within one frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Die Radiologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The text deals with the role of criticism in times of crisis and argues that criticism is only possible when people believe that it can have effects. Authoritarianism and fear of punishment can reduce the willingness to criticize and stabilize an authoritarian state. Criticism and crisis are closely connected, as criticism can trigger a crisis and point the way out of it. The text also raises questions about the genesis and legitimacy of criticism and emphasizes the importance of critical thinking in digital times. It points to the increasing anti-intellectualism and advocates for the right to criticize and the examination of the relationship between criticism and ethics. The text deals with the concept of criticism and illuminates the views of Max Horkheimer and Michel Foucault on this matter. Horkheimer criticizes an instrumental reason that remains limited to technological efficiency and economic maximization of benefits. Foucault defines criticism as a practice of disobedience towards authority and power. Criticism aims to question social conditions and create new knowledge and power relations. The text concludes with considerations on the connection between criticism and ethics. The text addresses the topic of criticism of existing norms and laws, as well as the necessity of nonviolent resistance against injustices. Thoreau, Gandhi, and Martin Luther King are mentioned as examples of individuals who were inspired by these ideas. Walter Benjamin examines in his essay "Critique of Violence" the various dimensions and effects of violence on society and emphasizes the need to critically question the law. It is pointed out that criticism as a practice requires self-criticism and that criticism should not only be theoretical but also practical in order to bring about social changes. The text concludes with considerations on the mediation of critical thinking in education and emphasizes the importance of lifelong learning based on individual experiences. The author of the text discusses the importance of critical education in times of radicalization, uncertainty, and political lies. She refers to the views of educators such as Paulo Freire, bell hooks, and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, who emphasize that education should not only convey knowledge but also enable questioning and criticism. The author argues that a pedagogy of questioning and engagement with history and social structures is necessary to promote critical thinking. She also warns of the danger of systematic lies and propaganda in the mass media and emphasizes the importance of truth in politics. The author advocates for preserving the ability to distinguish between truth and lies in order to maintain a democratic society. [Extracted from the article]

Mother‐infant bonding is influenced by several risk and protective factors, and the literature has investigated the relationships between these factors independently. This study aimed to verify the interrelationships of some of these factors and how they influence mother‐infant bonding in Brazil. In this study, 361 mothers participated, and the outcome variable of mother‐infant bonding was assessed using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ). Multivariate regression analysis was performed using a hierarchical model with three blocks structured according to the influence exerted on mother‐infant bonding. The PBQ's factor scores were estimated and used in the subsequent analyses to decrease measurement error. The variable "violence experienced by mothers" was statistically significant for explaining the second block model but not significant for the third block. Network analysis was performed after multiple regression, showing that the violence experienced by mothers does not directly influence mother‐infant bonding but rather is mediated by postpartum depression. This explains why violence is not significant in the hierarchical multiple regression when maternal depression is added to the model. This study's strengths lie in its utilization of PBQ factor scores and network analysis, enabling the estimation of conditional relationships among variables. This approach provides deeper insights into factors affecting mother‐infant bonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Penetrating injuries are a rare but recurring emergency situation in the out-of-hospital and in-hospital emergency settings. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and characteristics of injuries associated with penetrating violence across a German metropolitan region over a 5-year period. Material and methods: In the retrospective study, a database query of the control center of the Düsseldorf rescue service area was used to identify and descriptively analyze all rescue service operations with penetrating violence-associated injuries in the years 2015, 2017, and 2019. For those patients who were transferred to the major trauma center, a further analysis of the in-hospital course was performed. Results: In the 3 years 2015, 2017 and 2019 a total of 266 patients (age: 33 ± 14 years, male: 79%) could be recorded (2015 vs. 2017 vs. 2019: n = 81 vs. n = 93 vs. n = 92, respectively). The most common age group involved had an age range of 15–34 years. A particularly higher frequency of emergency calls was found for the areas of Old Town, City Center, and one other district (Oberbilk). A high frequency of rescue missions was found in the nights from Saturday to Sunday between 20.00 p.m. and 04.00 a.m. Rescue missions with emergency physicians on board increased over the years (2015 vs. 2019: 27 vs. 42%, p = 0.04). The primary weapons used were knives (56%), broken glass bottles (18%) and broken glasses (6%). Out of all patients 71 (27%, injury severity score 11 ± 14) were admitted to the major trauma center. Among these patients, the proportion of immediate surgical care (2015 vs. 2019: 20% vs. 35%, p < 0.05) and positive alcohol detection increased over the years (2015 vs. 2019: 10% vs. 43%, p < 0.05). The 30-day mortality in the 3 years studied was 1.1% (n = 3). Conclusion: Penetrating injuries associated with violence are relevant but rare rescue missions. Future care strategies should focus on deployment of rescue resources close to the scene of the incident ("old town guard", central station), and prevention strategies should focus on weapon prohibition zones. A control of alcohol consumption should be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A certain distance to affirming and welcoming radical political action is to be recommended in academia, otherwise it might not be possible to explore it at all. But still: what does radical authorship mean in a feminist perspective and in a historical context? What constitutes rebellious forms and content? What about them is capable of touching, captivating, seducing – and advancing critical analysis? This essay presents for discussion a number of works that engage explicitly or implicitly with political radicality, among them a hit list of radical history, an explosive language experiment from 1970s lesbian feminism, a meandering search for the archives of radicality, and powerful images of gender and anti/racism in Third Cinema. Will it all explode? Let’s try.

Sitzblockaden der „Letzten Generation“ bewerten deutsche Gerichte als Nötigung durch Gewalt. Ich halte dies für vereinbar mit dem Begriff „Gewalt“, den § 240 Strafgesetzbuch enthält. Gewalt bedeutet nicht zwingend Aktivität – maßgeblich ist, ob körperlich wirkende Macht über eine andere Person ausgeübt wird. Damit wende ich mich gegen den kürzlich erschienenen Beitrag von Siegmar Lengauer, der aus österreichischer Perspektive ungläubig auf die deutsche Rechtsprechung zum Gewaltbegriff blickt und diese ablehnt.

Wer sich passiv verhält, übt keine Gewalt. In Österreich handelt es sich dabei um einen Leitsatz zur Nötigung, der sich in fast allen Kommentierungen und Lehrbüchern zu § 105 österreichisches Strafgesetzbuch (öStGB) findet. Der Autor wundert sich, dass deutsche Gerichte dies anders sehen und Aktivist*innen der Klimabewegung, die an Sitzblockaden teilnehmen, immer wieder wegen Nötigung bestrafen. Schon das allgemeine Sprachverständnis lege doch nahe: Wer bloß sitzt, der ist nicht gewaltätig.