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2. From the Microbiome to the Electrome: Implications for the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis

Author

Bourqqia-Ramzi, Marwane, primary, Mansilla-Guardiola, Jesús, additional, Muñoz-Rodriguez, David, additional, Quarta, Elisa, additional, Lombardo-Hernandez, Juan, additional, Murciano-Cespedosa, Antonio, additional, Conejero-Meca, Francisco José, additional, Mateos González, Álvaro, additional, Geuna, Stefano, additional, Garcia-Esteban, María Teresa, additional, and Herrera-Rincon, Celia, additional

Published
2024
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3. The Italian law on body donation: A position paper of the Italian College of Anatomists

Author

De Caro, Raffaele, Boscolo-Berto, Rafael, Artico, Marco, Bertelli, Eugenio, Cannas, Mario, Cappello, Francesco, Carpino, Guido, Castorina, Sergio, Cataldi, Amelia, Cavaletti, Guido Angelo, Cinti, Saverio, Cocco, Lucio Ildebrando, Cremona, Ottavio, Crivellato, Enrico, De Luca, Antonio, Falconi, Mirella, Familiari, Giuseppe, Ferri, Gian Luca, Fornai, Francesco, Gesi, Marco, Geuna, Stefano, Gibelli, Daniele Maria, Giordano, Antonio, Gobbi, Pietro, Guerra, Germano, Gulisano, Massimo, Macchi, Veronica, Macchiarelli, Guido, Manzoli, Lucia, Michetti, Fabrizio, Miscia, Sebastiano, Montagnani, Stefania, Montella, Andrea Costantino Mario, Morini, Sergio, Onori, Paolo, Palumbo, Carla, Papa, Michele, Porzionato, Andrea, Quacci, Daniela Elena, Raspanti, Mario, Rende, Mario, Rezzani, Rita, Ribatti, Domenico, Ripani, Maurizio, Rodella, Luigi Fabrizio, Rossi, Pellegrino, Sbarbati, Andrea, Secchiero, Paola, Sforza, Chiarella, Stecco, Carla, Toni, Roberto, Vercelli, Alessandro, Vitale, Marco, Zancanaro, Carlo, Zauli, Giorgio, Zecchi, Sandra, Anastasi, Giuseppe Pio, and Gaudio, Eugenio

Published
2021
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4. Studying nerve transfers: Searching for a consensus in nerve axons count

Author

Costa, Alfio Luca, Papadopulos, Nikolaos, Porzionato, Andrea, Natsis, Konstantinos, Bassetto, Franco, Tiengo, Cesare, Giunta, Riccardo, Soldado, Francisco, Bertelli, Jayme Augusto, Baeza, Alfonso Rodrìguez, Battiston, Bruno, Titolo, Paolo, Tos, Pierluigi, Radtke, Christine, Aszmann, Oscar, Moschella, Francesco, Cordova, Adriana, Toia, Francesca, Perrotta, Rosario Emanuele, Ronchi, Guilia, Geuna, Stefano, and Colonna, Michele Rosario

Published
2021
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6. Muscle preservation in proximal nerve injuries: a current update

Author

Lysak, Andrii, Farnebo, Simon, Geuna, Stefano, Dahlin, Lars, Lysak, Andrii, Farnebo, Simon, Geuna, Stefano, and Dahlin, Lars

Abstract

Optimal recovery of muscle function after proximal nerve injuries remains a complex and challenging problem. After a nerve injury, alterations in the affected muscles lead to atrophy, and later degeneration and replacement by fat-fibrous tissues. At present, several different strategies for the preservation of skeletal muscle have been reported, including various sets of physical exercises, muscle massage, physical methods (e.g. electrical stimulation, magnetic field and laser stimulation, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound), medicines (e.g. nutrients, natural and chemical agents, anti-inflammatory and antioxidants, hormones, enzymes and enzyme inhibitors), regenerative medicine (e.g. growth factors, stem cells and microbiota) and surgical procedures (e.g. supercharge end-to-side neurotization). The present review will focus on methods that aimed to minimize the damage to muscles after denervation based on our present knowledge.

Published
2024
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8. Chapter Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction Using Enriched Chitosan Conduits

Author

Ronchi, Giulia, Shahar, Abraham, Rochkind, Shimon, Reider, Evgeniy, Bitan, Yifat, Geuna, Stefano, Viano, Nicoletta, Koren, Akiva, Mandelbaum-Livnat, Mira M., Morano, Michela, Ziv-Polat, Ofra, and Biron, Tali

Subjects
peripheral nerve injury, chitosan guidance conduit, conduit acetylation, hyaluronic acid gel, magnetic fibrin hydrogel, bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MQ Nursing & ancillary services::MQW Biomedical engineering
Abstract

The repair of peripheral nerve traumatic lesions still represents a major cause of permanent motor and sensory impairment. In case of substance loss, a nerve guide should be used to bridge the proximal with the distal stump of the severed nerve. The effectiveness of hollow nerve guides is limited by the delay of axonal growth due to the absence of a regeneration substrate inside the conduit. To fasten up nerve regeneration, nerve guides should thus be enriched by a luminal filler. In this study, we investigated, in a 12-mm rat sciatic nerve defect experimental model, the effectiveness of chitosan-based conduits of different acetylation filled either with a hyaluronic acid gel (NVR gel) or with a magnetic fibrin hydrogel, in comparison with traditional autografts. Results showed that all types of artificial nerve conduits led to functional recovery not significantly different from autografts. By contrast, morphological and morphometrical analyses showed that the best results among nerve guides were found in medium degree of acetylation (DAII: ∼5%) chitosan conduits enriched with the NVR gel.

Published
2017
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9. Chapter Effect of Local Delivery of GDNF Conjugated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Nerve Regeneration along Long Chitosan Nerve Guide

Author

Michael, Tolmasov, Almog, Mara, Ziv-Polat, Ofra, Mandelbaum-Livnat, Mira M., Geuna, Stefano, Bitan, Yifat, Morano, Michela, Biran, Tali, Rochkind, Shimon, Fregnan, Federica, Reider, Evgeniy, Shahar, Abraham, and Nissan, Moshe

Subjects
GDNF conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles, chitosan tube, peripheral nerve regeneration, bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
Abstract

Local delivery of neurotrophic factors is a pillar of neural repair strategies in the peripheral nervous system. The main disadvantage of the free growth factors is their short half‐life of few minutes. In previous studies, it was demonstrated that conjugation of various neurotrophic factors to iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) led to stabilization of the growth factors and to the extension of their biological activity compared to the free factors. In vitro studies performed on organotypic dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cultures seeded in NVR gel (composed mainly of hyaluronic acid and laminin) revealed that the glial cell–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) conjugated to IONP‐enhanced early nerve fiber sprouting and accelerated the onset and progression of myelin significantly earlier than the free GDNF and other free and conjugated factors. The present article summarizes results of in vivo study, aimed to test the effect of free versus conjugated GDNF on regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve after a severe segment loss. We confirmed that nerve device enriched with a matrix with GDNF gives more successful results in term of regeneration and functional recovery in respect to the hollow tube; moreover, there are no detectable differences between free versus conjugated GDNF.

Published
2017
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12. Animal models in peripheral nerve transection studies: a systematic review on study design and outcomes assessment.

Author

Lopes, Bruna, Coelho, André, Alvites, Rui, Sousa, Ana Catarina, Sousa, Patrícia, Moreira, Alícia, Atayde, Luís, Salgado, António, Geuna, Stefano, and Maurício, Ana Colette

Abstract

Aim: Peripheral nerve injury regeneration studies using animal models are crucial to different pre-clinical therapeutic approaches efficacy evaluation whatever the surgical technique explored. Materials & methods: A 944 articles systematic review on 'peripheral nerve injury in animal models' over the last 9 years was carried out. Results: It was found that 91% used rodents, and only 9% employed large animals. Different nerves are studied, with generated gaps (10,78 mm) and methods applied for regeneration evaluation uniformed. Sciatic nerve was the most used (88%), followed by median and facial nerves (2.6%), significantly different. Conclusion: There has not been a significant scale-up of the in vivo testing to large animal models (anatomically/physiologically closer to humans), allowing an improvement in translational medicine for clinical cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Bioelectrical State of Bacteria Is Linked to Growth Dynamics and Response to Neurotransmitters: Perspectives for the Investigation of the Microbiota–Brain Axis

Author

Muñoz-Rodríguez, David, primary, Bourqqia-Ramzi, Marwane, additional, García-Esteban, Maria Teresa, additional, Murciano-Cespedosa, Antonio, additional, Vian, Alejandro, additional, Lombardo-Hernández, Juan, additional, García-Pérez, Pablo, additional, Conejero, Francisco, additional, Mateos González, Álvaro, additional, Geuna, Stefano, additional, and Herrera-Rincon, Celia, additional

Published
2023
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20. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional techniques for determining the kinematic patterns for hindlimb obstacle avoidance during sheep locomotion/Tecnicas bidimensionais e tridimensionals para determinar os padroes cinematicos durante a ultrapassagem de obstaculos pelos membros pelvicos durante a locomocao de ovinos

Author

Diogo, Camila Cardoso, Fonseca, Barbara, Almeida, Francisca Soares Marques de, Costa, Luis Maltez da, Pereira, Jose Eduardo, Filipe, Vitor, Couto, Pedro Alexandre, Geuna, Stefano, Armada-da-Silva, Paulo Alexandre, Mauricio, Ana Colette, and Varejao, Artur Severo Proenca

Published
2021
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21. Comprehensive ex vivo and in vivo preclinical evaluation of novel chemo enzymatic decellularized peripheral nerve allografts

Author

García-García, Óscar Darío, primary, El Soury, Marwa, additional, Campos, Fernando, additional, Sánchez-Porras, David, additional, Geuna, Stefano, additional, Alaminos, Miguel, additional, Gambarotta, Giovanna, additional, Chato-Astrain, Jesús, additional, Raimondo, Stefania, additional, and Carriel, Víctor, additional

Published
2023
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23. Chitosan conduits enriched with fibrin-collagen hydrogel with or without adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the repair of 15-mm-long sciatic nerve defect

Author

Raimondo, Stefania, primary, El Soury, Marwa, additional, García-García, ÓscarDarío, additional, Tarulli, Isabella, additional, Chato-Astrain, Jesús, additional, Perroteau, Isabelle, additional, Geuna, Stefano, additional, Gambarotta, Giovanna, additional, and Carriel, Víctor, additional

Published
2023
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24. Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction Using Enriched Chitosan Conduits

Author

Rochkind, Shimon, primary, Mandelbaum-Livnat, Mira M., additional, Raimondo, Stefania, additional, Morano, Michela, additional, Ronchi, Giulia, additional, Viano, Nicoletta, additional, Nissan, Moshe, additional, Koren, Akiva, additional, Biron, Tali, additional, Bitan, Yifat, additional, Reider, Evgeniy, additional, Almog, Mara, additional, Ziv-Polat, Ofra, additional, Shahar, Abraham, additional, and Geuna, Stefano, additional

Published
2017
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25. Chitosan conduits enriched with fibrin-collagen hydrogel with or without adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the repair of 15-mm-long sciatic nerve defect

Author

EL SOURY, MARWA MOHAMED EMADELDIN ALI MAHMOUD, Óscar Darío García-García, Tarulli, Isabella, Jesús, Chato-Astrain, Perroteau, Isabelle, Geuna, Stefano, Raimondo, Stefania, Gambarotta, Giovanna, and Víctor, Carriel

Subjects
Adipose-derived stem cells, neuregulin 1, chitosan conduit, nerve repair, fibrin and collagen hydrogel, sciatic nerve, Fibrin and collagen hydrogel, Sciatic nerve, Nerve regeneration, adipose-derived stem cells, nerve regeneration, peripheral nerve, Developmental Neuroscience, Neuregulin 1, Chitosan conduit, Nerve repair
Abstract

Hollow conduits of natural or synthetic origins have shown acceptable regeneration results in short nerve gap repair; however, results are still not comparable with the current gold standard technique “autografts”. Hollow conduits do not provide a successful regeneration outcome when it comes to critical nerve gap repair. Enriching the lumen of conduits with different extracellular materials and cells could provide a better biomimicry of the natural nerve regenerating environment and is expected to ameliorate the conduit performance. In this study, we evaluated nerve regeneration in vivo using hollow chitosan conduits or conduits enriched with fibrin-collagen hydrogels alone or with the further addition of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a 15 mm rat sciatic nerve transection model. Unexpected changes in the hydrogel consistency and structural stability in vivo led to a failure of nerve regeneration after 15 weeks. Nevertheless, the molecular assessment in the early regeneration phase (7, 14, and 28 days) has shown an upregulation of useful regenerative genes in hydrogel enriched conduits compared with the hollow ones. Hydrogels composed of fibrin-collagen were able to upregulate the expression of soluble NRG1, a growth factor that plays an important role in Schwann cell transdifferentiation. The further enrichment with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells has led to the upregulation of other important genes such as ErbB2, VEGF-A, BDNF, c-Jun, and ATF3., Spanish "Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica, Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) FIS PI14-1343 FIS PI17-0393 FIS PI20-0318, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional ERDF-FEDER European Union, Plan Andaluz de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion (PAIDI2020), Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades, Junta de Andalucia, Espana P18-RT-5059, Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucia 2014-2020, Universidad de Granada, Junta de Andalucia, Espana A-CTS-498-UGR18, European Commission

Published
2022

27. Effect of Local Delivery of GDNF Conjugated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Nerve Regeneration along Long Chitosan Nerve Guide

Author

Fregnan, Federica, primary, Morano, Michela, additional, Ziv-Polat, Ofra, additional, Mandelbaum-Livnat, Mira M., additional, Nissan, Moshe, additional, Michael, Tolmasov, additional, Koren, Akiva, additional, Biran, Tali, additional, Bitan, Yifat, additional, Reider, Evgeniy, additional, Almog, Mara, additional, Viano, Nicoletta, additional, Rochkind, Shimon, additional, Geuna, Stefano, additional, and Shahar, Abraham, additional

Published
2017
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33. Effects of Olfactory Mucosa Stem/Stromal Cell and Olfactory Ensheating Cells Secretome on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Author

Alvites, Rui D., primary, Branquinho, Mariana V., additional, Sousa, Ana C., additional, Lopes, Bruna, additional, Sousa, Patrícia, additional, Prada, Justina, additional, Pires, Isabel, additional, Ronchi, Giulia, additional, Raimondo, Stefania, additional, Luís, Ana L., additional, Geuna, Stefano, additional, Varejão, Artur Severo P., additional, and Maurício, Ana Colette, additional

Published
2022
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48. Lumbrical Muscles Neural Branching Patterns: A Cadaveric Study With Potential Clinical Implications.

Author

Colonna, Michele R., Piagkou, Maria, Monticelli, Andrea, Tiengo, Cesare, Bassetto, Franco, Sonda, Regina, Battiston, Bruno, Titolo, Paolo, Tos, Pierluigi, Fazio, Antonina, Costa, Alfio Luca, Galeano, Mariarosaria, Porzionato, Andrea, De Caro, Raffaele, Cucinotta, Filippo, Anastasopoulos, Nikolaos, Papadopulos, Nikolaos A., Geuna, Stefano, and Natsis, Konstantinos

Abstract

Background: Lumbrical muscles originate in the palm from the 4 tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus and course distally along the radial side of the corresponding metacarpophalangeal joints, in front of the deep transverse metacarpal ligament. The first and second lumbrical muscles are typically innervated by the median nerve, and third and fourth by the ulnar nerve. A plethora of lumbrical muscle variants has been described, ranging from muscles' absence to reduction in their number or presence of accessory slips. The current cadaveric study highlights typical and variable neural supply of lumbrical muscles. Materials: Eight (3 right and 5 left) fresh frozen cadaveric hands of 3 males and 5 females of unknown age were dissected. From the palmar wrist crease, the median and ulnar nerve followed distally to their terminal branches. The ulnar nerve deep branch was dissected and lumbrical muscle innervation patterns were noted. Results: The frequency of typical innervations of lumbrical muscles is confirmed. The second lumbrical nerve had a double composition from both the median and ulnar nerves, in 12.5% of the hands. The thickest branch (1.38 mm) originated from the ulnar nerve and supplied the third lumbrical muscle, and the thinnest one (0.67 mm) from the ulnar nerve and supplied the fourth lumbrical muscle. In 54.5%, lumbrical nerve bifurcation was identified. Conclusion: The complex innervation pattern and the peculiar anatomy of branching to different thirds of the muscle bellies are pointed out. These findings are important in dealing with complex and deep injuries in the palmar region, including transmetacarpal amputations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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49. Acylated and unacylated ghrelin impair skeletal muscle atrophy in mice

Author

Porporato, Paolo E., Filigheddu, Nicoletta, Reano, Simone, Ferrara, Michele, Angelino, Elia, Gnocchi, Viola F., Prodam, Flavia, Ronchi, Giulia, Fagoonee, Sharmila, Fornaro, Michele, Chianale, Federica, Baldanzi, Gianluca, Surico, Nicola, Sinigaglia, Fabiola, Perroteau, Isabelle, Smith, Roy G., Sun, Yuxiang, Geuna, Stefano, and Graziani, Andrea

Subjects
Ghrelin -- Physiological aspects -- Genetic aspects -- Research, Cachexia -- Risk factors -- Genetic aspects -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment -- Research, Atrophy, Muscular -- Risk factors -- Genetic aspects -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment -- Research, Health care industry
Abstract

Cachexia is a wasting syndrome associated with cancer, AIDS, multiple sclerosis, and several other disease states. It is characterized by weight loss, fatigue, loss of appetite, and skeletal muscle atrophy and is associated with poor patient prognosis, making it an important treatment target. Ghrelin is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth hormone (GH) release and positive energy balance through binding to the receptor GHSR-1a. Only acylated ghrelin (AG), but not the unacylated form (UnAG), can bind GHSR-1a; however, UnAG and AG share several GHSR-1a-independent biological activities. Here we investigated whether UnAG and AG could protect against skeletal muscle atrophy in a GHSR-1a-independent manner. We found that both AG and UnAG inhibited dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and atrogene expression through PI3Kβ-, mTORC2-, and p38-mediated pathways in myotubes. Upregulation of circulating UnAG in mice impaired skeletal muscle atrophy induced by either fasting or denervation without stimulating muscle hypertrophy and GHSR-1a-mediated activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis. In Ghsr-deficient mice, both AG and UnAG induced phosphorylation of Akt in skeletal muscle and impaired fasting-induced atrophy. These results demonstrate that AG and UnAG act on a common, unidentified receptor to block skeletal muscle atrophy in a GH-independent manner., Introduction Skeletal muscle atrophy involves massive loss of muscle structural proteins, which leads to muscle weight decrease and progressive loss of muscle function. Skeletal muscle atrophy is induced by muscle [...]

Published
2013
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