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13. Japan

Author

Furukawa, Satoshi, Yamamoto, Masafumi, Ogata, Katsuhiko, Shirakawa, Masaki, Murakami, Keiji, Sato, Masaru, Murai, Tadashi, Ohshima, Hiroshi, Nagamatsu, Aiko, Shimada, Kazuhito, Gerzer, Rupert, Section editor, Young, Laurence R., editor, and Sutton, Jeffrey P., editor

Published
2021
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16. Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on muscle and bone research priorities

Author

Lang, Thomas, Van Loon, Jack JWA, Bloomfield, Susan, Vico, Laurence, Chopard, Angele, Rittweger, Joern, Kyparos, Antonios, Blottner, Dieter, Vuori, Ilkka, Gerzer, Rupert, and Cavanagh, Peter R

Subjects
Engineering, Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects, Osteoporosis, Aging, Musculoskeletal
Abstract

Without effective countermeasures, the musculoskeletal system is altered by the microgravity environment of long-duration spaceflight, resulting in atrophy of bone and muscle tissue, as well as in deficits in the function of cartilage, tendons, and vertebral disks. While inflight countermeasures implemented on the International Space Station have evidenced reduction of bone and muscle loss on low-Earth orbit missions of several months in length, important knowledge gaps must be addressed in order to develop effective strategies for managing human musculoskeletal health on exploration class missions well beyond Earth orbit. Analog environments, such as bed rest and/or isolation environments, may be employed in conjunction with large sample sizes to understand sex differences in countermeasure effectiveness, as well as interaction of exercise with pharmacologic, nutritional, immune system, sleep and psychological countermeasures. Studies of musculoskeletal biomechanics, involving both human subject and computer simulation studies, are essential to developing strategies to avoid bone fractures or other injuries to connective tissue during exercise and extravehicular activities. Animal models may be employed to understand effects of the space environment that cannot be modeled using human analog studies. These include studies of radiation effects on bone and muscle, unraveling the effects of genetics on bone and muscle loss, and characterizing the process of fracture healing in the mechanically unloaded and immuno-compromised spaceflight environment. In addition to setting the stage for evidence-based management of musculoskeletal health in long-duration space missions, the body of knowledge acquired in the process of addressing this array of scientific problems will lend insight into the understanding of terrestrial health conditions such as age-related osteoporosis and sarcopenia.

Published
2017

22. Life Sciences

Author

Gerzer, Rupert, Hemmersbach, Ruth, Horneck, Gerda, Feuerbacher, Berndt, editor, and Stoewer, Heinz, editor

Published
2006
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25. Würdigung

Author

Pippig, Torsten M., additional, Harsch, Viktor, additional, Gerzer, Rupert, additional, Pongratz, Hans, additional, Landgraf, Helmut, additional, Kimmich, Klaus, additional, Stern, Claudia, additional, Ledderhos, Carla, additional, and Hinkelbein, Jochen, additional

Published
2021
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30. NO-independent regulatory site on soluble guanylate cyclase

Author

Stasch, Johannes-Peter, Becker, Eva Maria, Alonso-Alija, Cristina, Apeler, Heiner, Dembowsky, Klaus, Feurer, Achim, Gerzer, Rupert, Minuth, Torsten, Perzborn, Elisabeth, Pleiß, Ulrich, Schroder, Henning, Schroeder, Werner, Stahl, Elke, Steinke, Wolfram, Straub, Alexander, and Schramm, Matthias

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Johannes-Peter Stasch (corresponding author) [1]; Eva Maria Becker [1]; Cristina Alonso-Alija [1]; Heiner Apeler [1]; Klaus Dembowsky [1]; Achim Feurer [1]; Rupert Gerzer [3]; Torsten Minuth [1]; Elisabeth Perzborn [...]

Published
2001
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35. Postprandial natriuresis in humans: further evidence that urodilatin, not ANP, modulates sodium excretion

Author

Drummer, Christian, Franck, Wolfgang, Heer, Martina, Forssmann, Wolf-Georg, Gerzer, Rupert, and Goetz, Kenneth

Subjects
Natriuretic peptides -- Physiological aspects, Excretion -- Physiological aspects, Salt in the body -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

The role of the peptide urodilatin in renal function particularly in renal sodium excretion was investigated by measuring this peptide in the urine of humans before and after they consumed two test meals, one containing high NaCl and the other containing a small amount of NaCl. The high-salt meal produced high urinary sodium and chloride excretion. Urodilatin was found in significant amounts but plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a cardiac hormone, failed to sustain an elevated level. The results showed that there is no correlation between plasma ANP and sodium excretion and that urodilatin is involved in the regulation of sodium and chloride excretion.

Published
1996

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