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13. COMMENTARY

Author

Gerrard, D F

Published
2007

14. Temporal change in skeletal muscle IGF-I mRNA abundance and nitrogen metabolism responses to abomasal casein infusion in steers

Author

Moloney, A.P., Beermann, D.H., Gerrard, D., Robinson, T.F., and Finnerty, K.D.

Subjects
Animal breeding -- Health aspects, Casein -- Health aspects, Milk proteins -- Health aspects, Cattle -- Growth, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Skeletal muscle IGF-I and [Alpha]-actin mRNA responses to increased amino acid availability were investigated in young, rapidly growing steers. Four Holstein steers (208 kg BW) were surgically implanted with an abomasal cannula and jugular catheters and allowed 2 wk to recover. Steers were offered hourly a 43:57 forage:concentrate diet at 95% of ad libitum intake supplemented with continuous abomasal infusion of glucose (to replace 12.5% of metabolizable ad libitum energy intake) for 13 d before the start of abomasal infusion of 67 g of casein N/d. Biopsies of the liver and both semimembranosus muscles were removed and frozen in liquid N, and casein infusion was begun. Muscle biopsies were collected at 8, 16, 24, and 48 h, and on d 7 and 14. Nitrogen balance increased from 23.6 to 71.5 g/d (P < .001) within 24 h and remained elevated (mean = 58.4 g/d) during the 14 d of casein infusion. Plasma urea N increased from 4 to 9.5 mg/dL at 24 h and remained unchanged to d 14. Muscle IGF-I mRNA abundance increased to 215% of basal values at 16 h (P < .01), 244% of basal values at 24 h, and 222% of basal values at 48 h after initiation of casein infusion. Values reached a maximum of 274% of basal values on d 7 and then declined to near preinfusion levels on d 14. The IGF-I mRNA abundance was approximately 100 times higher in liver than in skeletal muscle and was not different on d 0 and 14. Although plasma IGF-I concentrations were numerically higher during the first 24 h of abomasal casein infusion, they were not significantly higher during the chronic phase of treatment. Plasma IGF binding protein (BP)-2 concentrations were higher at 16, 24, and 48 h after casein infusion was begun, but IGFBP-3 concentrations were not altered at these sampling times. Neither acute (first 24 h) nor chronic (daily) plasma insulin concentrations were altered by abomasal casein infusion. Plasma somatotropin concentrations were lower (P = .008) at 24 h of casein infusion and beyond. Results suggest that enhanced amino acid availability may modulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis and accretion through an autocrine or paracrine IGF-I influence. Key Words: Cattle, Skeletal Muscle, Growth, Nitrogen Metabolism, Casein

Published
1998

15. COMMENTARY

Author

Gerrard, D F

Published
2006

20. Technical aspects from the Polonsky digital preservation programme

Author

Mooney, J and Gerrard, D

Abstract

As part of the two-year Polonsky digital preservation research project, the Bodleian Libraries (the University of Oxford) and Cambridge University Library (CUL) are researching and developing requirements for digital-preservation-specific services. Part of the project concerns gathering technical requirements for long-term digital content repository systems; this has included reviewing our own infrastructures, surveying our digitized collections and existing repositories, visiting a number of other institutions, and assessing software from various vendors.

Published
2019

23. The chief registrar: a new Royal College of Physicians leadership initiative for trainees

Author

Gerrard D Phillips

Subjects
030213 general clinical medicine, Medical education, Education, Medical, business.industry, General Medicine, United Kingdom, 03 medical and health sciences, Leadership, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical Staff, Hospital, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Schools, Medical
Published
2018

24. Cost-effectiveness analysis of a randomized clinical trial of early versus deferred endovenous ablation of superficial venous reflux in patients with venous ulceration

Author

Epstein, D M, primary, Gohel, M S, additional, Heatley, F, additional, Liu, X, additional, Bradbury, A, additional, Bulbulia, R, additional, Cullum, N, additional, Nyamekye, I, additional, Poskitt, K R, additional, Renton, S, additional, Warwick, J, additional, Davies, A H, additional, Read, D, additional, Hargreaves, S, additional, Dhillon, K, additional, Anwar, M, additional, Liddle, A, additional, Brown, H, additional, Mercer, K, additional, Gill, F, additional, Liu, A, additional, Jepson, W, additional, Wormwell, A, additional, Rafferty, H, additional, Kaur, R, additional, Solomon, E, additional, Sritharan, K, additional, Velineni, R, additional, Lim, C S, additional, Busuttil, A, additional, Bootun, R, additional, Bicknell, C, additional, Jenkins, M, additional, Lane, T, additional, Serjeant, E, additional, Poskitt, K, additional, Waldron, J, additional, Wolfrey, G, additional, Slim, F, additional, Davies, C, additional, Emerson, L, additional, Grasty, M, additional, Whyman, M, additional, Wakeley, C, additional, Cooper, A, additional, Clapp, J, additional, Hogg, N, additional, Howard, J, additional, Dyer, J, additional, Lyes, S, additional, Teemul, D, additional, Harvey, K, additional, Pride, M, additional, Kindon, A, additional, Price, H, additional, Flemming, L, additional, Birch, G, additional, Holmes, H, additional, Weston, J, additional, Joseph, T, additional, Eiffel, R, additional, Ojimba, T, additional, Wilson, T, additional, Hodgson, A, additional, Robinson, L, additional, Todhunter, J, additional, Heagarty, D, additional, Mckeane, A, additional, McCarthy, R, additional, Barwell, J, additional, Northcott, C, additional, Elstone, A, additional, West, C, additional, Chong, P, additional, Gerrard, D, additional, Croucher, A, additional, Levy, S, additional, Martin, C, additional, Craig, T, additional, Carradice, D, additional, Firth, A, additional, Clarke, E, additional, Oswald, A, additional, Sinclair, J, additional, Chetter, I, additional, El-Sheikha, J, additional, Nandhra, S, additional, Leung, C, additional, Scott, J, additional, Dewhirst, N, additional, Woods, J, additional, Russell, D, additional, Darwood, R, additional, Troxler, M, additional, Thackeray, J, additional, Bell, D, additional, Watson, D, additional, Williamson, L, additional, Coulston, J, additional, Eyers, P, additional, Darvall, K, additional, Hunter, I, additional, Stewart, A, additional, Moss, A, additional, Rewbury, J, additional, Adams, C, additional, Vickery, L, additional, Foote, L, additional, Durman, H, additional, Venn, F, additional, Hill, P, additional, James, K, additional, Luxton, F, additional, Greenwell, D, additional, Roberts, K, additional, Mitchell, S, additional, Tate, M, additional, Mills, H, additional, Garnham, A, additional, Hobbs, S, additional, McIntosh, D, additional, Green, M, additional, Collins, K, additional, Rankin, J, additional, Poulton, P, additional, Isgar, V, additional, Trivedi, M, additional, Kafeza, M, additional, Parsapour, S, additional, Moore, H, additional, Najem, M, additional, Connarty, S, additional, Albon, H, additional, Lloyd, C, additional, Trant, J, additional, Vohra, R, additional, McCormack, J, additional, Marshall, J, additional, Hardy, V, additional, Rogoveanu, R, additional, Goff, W, additional, Gidda, R, additional, Merotra, S, additional, Shiralkar, S, additional, Jayatunga, A, additional, Pathak, R, additional, Rehman, A, additional, Randhawa, K, additional, Lewis, J, additional, Fullwood, S, additional, Jennings, S, additional, Cole, S, additional, Wall, M, additional, Ranaboldo, C, additional, Hulin, S, additional, Clarke, C, additional, Fennelly, R, additional, Cooper, R, additional, Boyes, R, additional, Draper, C, additional, Harris, L, additional, Mead, D, additional, Kelly, L, additional, Bate, G, additional, Davies, H, additional, Popplewell, M, additional, Claridge, M, additional, Gannon, M, additional, Khaira, H, additional, Scriven, M, additional, Wilmink, T, additional, Adam, D, additional, Nasr, H, additional, Dodd, D, additional, Nawaz, S, additional, Humphreys, J, additional, Barnes, M, additional, Sorrell, J, additional, Swift, D, additional, Phillips, P, additional, Trender, H, additional, Fenwick, N, additional, Rittoo, D, additional, Baker, S, additional, Mitchell, R, additional, Andrews, S, additional, Williams, S, additional, Stephenson, J, additional, Holloway, S, additional, Hayes, W, additional, Day, J, additional, Clayton, C, additional, Harding, D, additional, Thompson, A, additional, Gibson, A, additional, Murphy, Z, additional, and Smith, T, additional

Published
2019
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27. The effects of deer antler velvet extract or powder supplementation on aerobic power, erythropoiesis, and muscular strength and endurance characteristics.

Author

Sleivert G, Burke V, Palmer C, Walmsley A, Gerrard D, Haines S, and Littlejohn R

Abstract

To determine the effects of deer antler velvet on maximal aerobic performance and the trainability of muscular strength and endurance, 38 active males were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to either deer antler velvet extract (n = 12), powder (n = 13), or placebo groups (n = 13). Subjects were tested prior to beginning supplementation and a 10-week strength program, and immediately post-training. All subjects were measured for circulating levels of testosterone, insulin-like growth factor, erythropoietin, red cell mass, plasma volume, and total blood volume. Additionally, muscular strength, endurance, and VO2max were determined. All groups improved 6 RM strength equivalently (41 +/- 26%, p < .001), but there was a greater increase in isokinetic knee extensor strength (30 +/- 21% vs. 13 +/- 15%, p = .04) and endurance (21 +/- 19% vs. 7 +/- 12%, p = .02) in the powder compared to placebo group. There were no endocrine, red cell mass or VO2max changes in any group. These findings do not support an erythropoetic or aerobic ergogenic effect of deer antler velvet. Further, the inconsistent findings regarding the effects of deer antler velvet powder supplementation on the development of strength suggests that further work is required to test the robustness of the observation that this supplement enhances the strength training response and to ensure this observation is not a type I error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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31. Interstitial Lung Disease: Effects of Thin-Section CT on Clinical Decision Making

Author

David M. Hansell, David Smallwood, Athol U. Wells, Zelena A. Aziz, Susan J. Copley, Eric D. Bateman, Margaret Wilsher, Jan C. Grutters, Gerrard D. Phillips, John Wiggins, Sujal R. Desai, and David Milne

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Medical Records, Decision Support Techniques, Pulmonary function testing, Informed consent, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical diagnosis, Pulmonologists, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Medical record, Interstitial lung disease, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, Institutional review board, medicine.disease, Female, Radiology, Lung Diseases, Interstitial, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business
Abstract

To retrospectively quantify the change in the diagnosis and management of suspected interstitial lung disease when thin-section computed tomography (CT) is added to pretest probabilities.The institutional review board does not require approval or patient informed consent for retrospective study of case records and CT studies. Six pulmonologists reviewed data sheets containing clinical information and results of pulmonary function tests and chest radiographs of 168 consecutive patients (86 women and 82 men; mean age, 59.8 years; age range, 22-86 years) suspected of having interstitial lung disease. Differential diagnoses and responses to specific questions regarding patient care were recorded before and after assimilation of thin-section CT findings. Both unweighted and weighted kappa analyses were used to determine agreement between pulmonologists before and after CT.First-choice diagnosis changed in 520 (51%) of 1008 cases, and agreement on first-choice diagnosis increased from 0.47 to 0.72 after thin-section CT. In addition, confidence in the first-choice diagnosis increased, and there was a reduction in the number of differential diagnoses offered by all pulmonologists (P.005 and P.001, respectively). Agreement on diagnostic probabilities for individual disorders increased substantially, particularly for diagnoses of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (weighted kappa = 0.58-0.89). With CT findings, pulmonologists changed their pre-CT responses regarding the use of bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial biopsy, and thoracoscopic biopsy in 242 (24.0%), 282 (28.0%), and 292 (29.0%) of 1008 cases, respectively. However, agreement for the use of these investigations was low both before and after CT. The request rate for thoracoscopic biopsy in patients in whom idiopathic fibrosis was diagnosed decreased from 48 of 179 (26.8%) to 26 of 233 (11.2%) after CT.Thin-section CT resulted in a change in first-choice diagnosis in half the cases. Diagnostic confidence improved, and CT findings increased agreement between pulmonologists on diagnostic probabilities across a range of interstitial lung diseases.

Published
2006
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32. Assessment of fresh pork color with color machine vision

Author

Tan, F. J., Morgan, M. T., Ludas, L. I., Forrest, J. C., and Gerrard, D. E.

Subjects
Pork -- Evaluation, Color of food -- Evaluation, Machine vision -- Research, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Currently, fresh pork color is visually evaluated using either the Japanese Pork Color Standards (JPCS) or the National Pork Producers Council Pork Quality Standards (NPPC) as a reference. Although useful, visual evaluation of meat color can vary with evaluator and may be quite expensive. In this study, three separate studies were used to compare the ability of color machine vision (CMV) and untrained panelists to evaluate pork color. Panels visually evaluated over 200 pork loin chops using either the JPCS or NPPC reference standards. Results from each panel were used to evaluate the ability of the CMV to sort pork loin chops based on the same criteria. Representative samples, typical of each color class, were used to train neural-network-based image processing software. After training, the CMV system was used to evaluate quality classes of pork samples based on color distribution. Classification by CMV was compared with the average panel score, rounded to the nearest integer. Training the CMV system using images of actual meat samples resulted in a stronger correlation to panel scores than training with either set of artificial color standards. Agreement between the CMV system and the panels was as high as 90%. Agreement between individual panelists and the integer panel average (52 to 85%) was less than that observed for CMV classification. Finally, the on-line performance of CMV using a laboratory conveyor system was simulated by repeatedly classifying 37 samples at a speed of I sample per second. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CMV is a rapid and repeatable means of evaluating pork color. Key Words: Color, Quality, Pork

Published
2000

36. Multicentre observational study of surgical system failures in aortic procedures and their effect on patient outcomes

Author

Lear, R, primary, Riga, C, additional, Godfrey, A D, additional, Falaschetti, E, additional, Cheshire, N J, additional, Van Herzeele, I, additional, Norton, C, additional, Vincent, C, additional, Darzi, A W, additional, Bicknell, C D, additional, Gohel, M, additional, Hayes, P, additional, Joseph, T, additional, Sowinski, A, additional, Wilson, T, additional, Chong, P, additional, Gerrard, D, additional, Croucher, A, additional, Bown, M, additional, Gokani, V, additional, McCarthy, M, additional, Brightwell, R, additional, Meyer, F, additional, Burrows, M, additional, Renton, S, additional, Das, S, additional, Parsapour, S, additional, Nordon, I, additional, Baxter, S, additional, Shearman, Clifford, additional, Jenkins, M, additional, Modarai, B, additional, Clarke, S, additional, Thompson, A, additional, Cavanagh, S, additional, Gibson, A, additional, and Coleman, Z, additional

Published
2016
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39. Role of CT in the Management of Pneumothorax in Patients with Complex Cystic Lung Disease

Author

Beatrice Trotman-Dickenson, Gerrard D. Phillips, Duncan M. Geddes, and Margaret E. Hodson

Subjects
Adult, Lung Diseases, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Thorax, medicine.medical_specialty, Cystic Fibrosis, Radiography, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Pleural disease, medicine, Humans, Cyst, business.industry, Respiratory disease, Pneumothorax, respiratory system, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Surgery, Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell, Effusion, Female, Radiology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Complication
Abstract

The diagnosis and treatment of pneumothorax in patients with complex cystic lung disease may be difficult when relying on plain chest radiography alone. We report four cases in which management was greatly facilitated by the use of CT scanning of the chest.

Published
1997
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50. FINA-Yakult consensus statement on nutrition for the aquatic sports.

Author

Mountjoy, M, Maughan, R, Benardot, D, Costill, D, Cox, G, Derave, W, Koivstu, A, Melin, Anna K., Mujika, I, Pyne, D, Robertson, S, Sharpe, R, Shaw, G, Stellingwerff, T, Verhagen, E, Zimmermann, W, Van Den Hoogenband, C, Marks, S, Gerrard, D, Boyd, K, Miller, J, Mountjoy, M, Maughan, R, Benardot, D, Costill, D, Cox, G, Derave, W, Koivstu, A, Melin, Anna K., Mujika, I, Pyne, D, Robertson, S, Sharpe, R, Shaw, G, Stellingwerff, T, Verhagen, E, Zimmermann, W, Van Den Hoogenband, C, Marks, S, Gerrard, D, Boyd, K, and Miller, J

Published
2014
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