Search

Background. Litter size reduction at second farrowing (RSP) affects cumulative productivity per productive life of sows. Objective. To compare groups of sows according to their classification by number of piglets born alive (LNV) at first farrowing and reduction or increase of LNV at second farrowing on the number of farrowings at culling (NPD), cumulative LNV and weaned per productive life of sows in a commercial farm in the eastern zone of Yucatan, Mexico. Methodology. Data from 404 culled sows were used. Six groups of sows were established: low number of LNV at first farrowing with RSP (B-RSP), low with increased number of LNV at second farrowing (B-ISP), medium with RSP (M-RSP), medium with ISP (M-ISP), high with RSP (A-RSP) and high with ISP (A-ISP). The response variables were NPD, cumulative piglets born alive during the productive life of the sows (LNVP) and cumulative piglets weaned during the productive life of the sows (LDVP). Results. No difference was found between the different sow groups for NPD and LDVP (P>0.05). The lowest number of LNVP was obtained in sows of groups B-RSP and B-ISP (P

Background. As body weight (BW) is rarely determined on fasted animals in most production systems, the need to develop accurate mathematical models for adjusting BW has been identified. Objective. To evaluate models for estimating shrunk body weight (SBW) and empty body weight (EBW) in Black Belly growing ewe lambs raised in tropical conditions. Methodology. Data of sixty Black Belly ewe lambs, between four to eight months of age with a mean BW of 26.55± 3.92 kg (± SD) were used. The SBW was estimated based on the BW without fasting (fed) and the EBW based on SBW through three models: 1. Linear; 2.-Linear without intercept and 3.- Exponential. The predictive capacity of the models was evaluated by cross-validation. Results. The correlation coefficients between BW and SBW and SB and EBW were high (r = 0.94;

Background. Studies in temperate regions report the effect of lactation length (LL) and farrowing- service (IFS) and weaning-to-first service intervals (IWS) on the reproductive efficiency of sows in commercial farms. However, research about this topic under tropical conditions is scarce. Objective. To investigate the relationship of LL, IWS and IFS on subsequent number of piglets born alive (SPBA), and the effect of LL on number of parity per sow per year (NFY) and number of piglets born alive per sow per year (PBAY) in a commercial farm in the tropics of Mexico. Methodology. Data from 9663 litters were used. The statistical model for SPBA, NFY and PBAY included the fixed effects of farrowing year (2013, 2014), farrowing season (rainy, north and dry), farrowing number (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), simple interaction of year by farrowing season, and the linear and quadratic effects of LL, IWS and IFS for SPBA, and the linear and quadratic effect of LL for NFY and PBAY. Results. The factors evaluated were significant for all variables of interest. Linear effect (P < 0.05) of LL, IWS and IFS was found only on SLNV. The predictive equation for SLNV was Y= 10.8551+0.02242*LLL+0.01515*IDS. The equation for SPBA with IFS was Y= 10.9939 + 0.01604*IFS. In addition, a negative linear and quadratic effect (P < 0.05) of LL on NFY, and a negative linear effect (P < 0.05) on SPBA were found. The predictive equation for NFY was Y= 2.7432-0.001689*LL-0.00032*LL2 and for PBAY was Y= 32.2414-0.1444*LL. Implications. The effect of LL, IWS and IFS on sow productivity is fundamental for decision making and adapting management, techniques and technologies to production systems. Conclusion. Under the conditions of the present study, increasing LL and IWS increased sow SPBA. However, increasing LL reduced NFY and PBAY.

Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de la composta artesanal sola o con microtúnel sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) en el trópico subhúmedo de México. Materiales y métodos. Se registró el número de hojas/panta (NH), la longitud (LT, cm) y diámetro del tallo (DT, mm), así como el rendimiento comercial (RC, t/ha) y rezaga (producto sin valor comercial, RR, t/ha) de tomate después de los 80 días del trasplante. El modelo estadístico incluyó efectos fijos de 100% de fertilización química (FQ100), sin fertilización (SF), de 100% de fertilización con composta artesanal (FCA100) y de 100% de fertilización con composta artesanal más microtúnel (FCA100+MT) sobre NH, LT, DT, RC y RR. Resultados. Los efectos fijos afectaron todas las variables dependientes evaluadas (p≤0.05). FCA100 y FCA100+MT lograron un NH similar, pero FCA100+MT superó a FQ100 y SF (p=0.0042). LT y DT fue similar entre FQ100, FCA100 y FCA100+MT, y todos superaron a SF (p=0.0000). El tratamiento FCA100+MT lograron el mayor RC (t/ha) y RR (t/ha) (p=0.0000) en comparación con los otros efectos fijos evaluados (FQ100, SF, y FCA100). Conclusión. FCA100 propició un rendimiento de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) similar a FQ100, pero este puede ser mejorado si se incluye microtúnel (FCA100+MT).

Objetivo. Predecir la composición tisular de canales de corderos “Blackbelly” usando mediciones in vivo y postmortem. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 20 corderos con una edad de siete meses y peso de 29.07±2.88 kg en promedio. Antes del sacrificio, se midió con ultrasonografía la grasa subcutánea, la profundidad, la amplitud y el área del músculo Longissimus dorsi. Posterior al sacrificio, se registró el peso de la canal y de los tejidos: músculo, grasa y hueso. En la canal, también se midió y registró la profundidad torácica, el largo, el perímetro, el largo y ancho de la pierna, así como el índice de compacidad. Para predecir la composición tisular de las canales se usó análisis de correlación y modelos de regresión. Resultados. Los tejidos de la canal se correlacionaron con la profundidad del músculo L. dorsi (p≤0.05; r entre 0.67 y 0.80) y con el índice de compacidad de la canal (p≤0.05; r varió de 0.54 a 0.75). Las ecuaciones de predicción de la composición tisular de la canal tuvieron una r2 que osciló entre 0.71 a 0.78 para el tejido graso (p≤0.001). Conclusiones. El uso de mediciones in vivo y postmortem permitieron predecir la composición tisular de canales de corderos con una precisión de moderada a alta (r2 >0.71≤ y ≤0.78).

El objetivo fue evaluar el crecimiento post-destete de corderos Pelibuey bajo diferentes tipos de alimentación, considerando la relación costo-beneficio (RCB) y la rentabilidad. Se utilizaron 30 corderos de 13.14±2.87 kg y 60 días de edad, alojados individualmente, por un periodo de 49 días. Se evaluaron tres alimentos: Iniciador (I), Destete y Desarrollo (DyD), e I más DyD, en proporción de 50:50% (I+DyD), con 10 repeticiones cada uno. Se usó ANOVA para evaluar el efecto del tipo de alimentación sobre la ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), el consumo diario de alimento (COA), la conversión alimenticia (CA) y peso final (PF). Excepto para CA (P < 0.05), el tipo de alimentación no afecto PF, GDP y COA (P > 0.05). La RCB y la rentabilidad fue mayor con el alimento I+DyD en comparación con I y DyD. El tratamiento I+DyD fue más productivo y económicamente más rentable que I y DyD.

Background. The study of space allowance (m2) per animal is important, due in current production systems different group sizes are used throughout the year, without knowing their possible effects on daily weight gain and growth during the fattening period. Objective. The effect of space allowance on the growth of hair lambs in raised-slatted floor cages was determined. Methodology. Data from 527 daily weight gains (DWG) and weights adjusted at 60 (P60) days post-weaning of female lambs from commercial crossbreds between hair breeds were analyzed. The statistical model included fixed effects of space allowance (AL; 0.69, 0.64-0.60 and 0.56 m2/animal), year (A; 2012 and 2013), seasons of the year (EA; rainy and north) and the interaction on DWG and P60. The initial body weight was included as co-variate. Results. AL, A and interactions A × EA affected the dependent variables evaluated (P 0.05); these groups, in turn, were the ones that obtained the highest DWG and P60 compared to smaller AL (0.56 m2). Higher growth of the female lambs was observed in the year 2012 compared to 2013. EA had no significant effect (P >0.05). Implications. The availability of the space allowance implies the quantity and quality, including the area occupied by the feeder and drinker. Conclusion. Under the conditions of the present study, AL should be adjusted between 0.69 and 0.60 m2/female lambs and that A and A × EA interaction can play an important role in animal growth.

The aim of this review was to determine the influence of the housing type on the productive performance and welfare of lambs in intensive fattening systems. The available literature shows several housing types that differ by their position, either at ground level or elevated or from the bedding material used. Raised pens, per se, do not seem to improve the productive performance of the lambs. In addition, they negatively influence animal welfare. For these reasons, it is proposed to enrich the environment in these housing types without increasing costs and improving comfort for animals. In Mexico, contrary to other producing countries of sheep, there is a lack of scientific evidences of the suitable housing for fattening and finishing lambs in the different geographical zones of the country. The attention to this demand, in a multidisciplinary manner, would help to reduce the production problems, welfare issues and economic losses in a sustainable manner in the fattening of sheep in Mexico.

This paper addresses a literature review of lamb fattening systems in tropical regions of Mexico and other countries. In semi-intensive systems, lamb feeding is based on grasslands, and supplementation may or may not be oered; in intensive systems, lamb feeding is based on concentrated feeds. Local fodder resources could be a viable option for lamb fattening due to their low cost and the better quality and healthy meat resulting from this feeding strategy. It is suggested that further evaluations of tropical fodder resources be developed, focusing on nutritional quality, availability and possible use. Several hair sheep breeds (Pelibuey, BlackBelly, Katahdin and Dorper and their crossbreeds) have been investigated under those systems. However, there remains a lack of denition on which could be the most suitable Cross-breeding strategy in dierent regions of the country. The raised slatted-oor cages used in intensive lamb fattening systems were just recently introduced in Mexico, and hence, there is no scientic evidence regarding their productive and economic evaluation. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen knowledge and generate technology with precise goals and objectives. By doing so, it is possible to deliver technological options with strong scientic bases that are economically viable, socially equitably and ecologically acceptable.

Claudia Kimie Suemoto,1,2 Sherine Ismail,1,3 Paulo César Rodrigues Pinto Corrêa,1,4,5 Faiza Khawaja,1,6 Teodoro Jerves,1 Laura Pesantez,1 Ana Claudia Camargo Gonçalves Germani,1,7 Fabio Zaina,1,8 Augusto Cesar Soares dos Santos Junior,1,9,10 Ricardo Jorge de Oliveira Ferreira,1,11 Priyamvada Singh,1,12 Judy Vicente Paulo,1,13 Suely Reiko Matsubayashi,1,14 Liliane Pinto Vidor,1,15 Guilherme Andretta,1,16 Rita Tomás,1,17 Ben MW Illigens,1,18 Felipe Fregni1,18,19 1Collaborative Learning in Clinical Research Program, Principles and Practice of Clinical Research (PPCR), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 2Discipline of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; 3King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Khalid Hospital, NGHA, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 4Discipline of Internal Medicine and Medical Semiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP) Medical School, Ouro Preto, Brazil; 5Discipline of Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte (Uni-BH), Belo Horizonte, Brazil; 6Canadian Centre for Advanced Eye Therapeutics, Mississauga, ON, Canada; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; 8Italian Scientific Spine Institute (ISICO), Milan, Italy; 9Hospital Osvaldo Rezende Franco, Betim, Brazil; 10Nucleo de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saude, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; 11Department of Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; 12Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA, USA; 13Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Coimbra, Portugal; 14Acupuncture Center, Orthopedics and Traumatology Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; 15Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University Federal of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; 16Quintiles Transnational, São Paulo, Brazil; 17Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital de Curry Cabral, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal; 18Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 19Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Abstract: The exponential increase in clinical research has profoundly changed medical sciences. Evidence that has accumulated in the past three decades from clinical trials has led to the proposal that clinical care should not be based solely on clinical expertise and patient values, and should integrate robust data from systematic research. As a consequence, clinical research has become more complex and methods have become more rigorous, and evidence is usually not easily translated into clinical practice. Therefore, the instruction of clinical research methods for scientists and clinicians must adapt to this new reality. To address this challenge, a global distance-learning clinical research-training program was developed, based on collaborative learning, the pedagogical goal of which was to develop critical thinking skills in clinical research. We describe and analyze the challenges and possible solutions of this course after 5 years of experience (2008–2012) with this program. Through evaluation by students and faculty, we identified and reviewed the following challenges of our program: 1) student engagement and motivation, 2) impact of heterogeneous audience on learning, 3) learning in large groups, 4) enhancing group learning, 5) enhancing social presence, 6) dropouts, 7) quality control, and 8) course management. We discuss these issues and potential alternatives with regard to our research and background. Keywords: education, distance learning, biomedical research, critical thinking, e-learning

El objetivo del estudio fue describir los sistemas intensivos de engorda de corderos en el Estado de Yucatán, México. El estudio se desarrolló de marzo a junio de 2013. Se aplicó una encuesta a productores o responsables de 34 granjas, seleccionadas por conveniencia. La información fue analizada a través de tablas de frecuencias, medidas de tendencia central y análisis de varianza obtenidos con el paquete estadístico STATGRAPHICS® Centurion XV. Los resultados mostraron que los sistemas intensivos de engorda de corderos se diferencian básicamente por dos tipos de alojamiento: a) corrales a nivel del suelo (SICS) y b) corrales elevados con piso de rejilla (SICE). Los genotipos están formados por la cruza de razas Pelibuey, Dorper y Katahdin, principalmente (93.94 %). La alimentación se basa en la utilización de concentrados de marcas comerciales (47.06 %), elaborados en la granja (47.06 %) y elaborados por proveedores informales (5.88 %). El manejo sanitario consiste en la vacunación (79.41 %) y desparasitación de los animales (100 %). Se encontró, un mejor comportamiento productivo de los corderos de engorda en SICE comparado con aquellos de SICS. La venta de corderos en pie (91.18 %) es la principal fuente de ingresos económicos, con un precio de $29.75/kg. La mayoría de los productores (67.65 %) comercializan a sus animales en la unidad de producción. Es necesario hacer una evaluación prospectiva de los SICE y los SICS desde el punto de vista productivo y económico.

La finalización intensiva de corderos en corrales elevados con piso de rejilla permite que los animales se mantengan en un ambiente sano, con menos carga parasitaria, protección de los depredadores, reducción en el gasto energético y un mejor microclima, sin embargo, poco se conoce sobre el comportamiento productivo de los corderos bajo este sistema de producción. La identificación de los factores que influyen sobre el comportamiento productivo de los corderos en este tipo de alojamiento es crucial para mejorar su productividad. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los efectos de granja, año y época del año sobre algunas variables productivas de corderos finalizados en corrales elevados con piso de rejilla en el trópico subhúmedo de México. Se analizaron 882 datos de la ganancia diaria de peso post-destete (GDP), del peso corporal final (PCF) y del periodo de finalización (DE) de corderos machos de cuatro granjas (granja A, n = 166; granja B, n = 122; granja C, n = 350; granja D, n = 244). El modelo estadístico incluyo los efectos fijos de la granja (A, B, C y D), de la época del año (lluvia y seca) y del año (2010, 2011, 2012 y 2013) sobre GDP, PCF y DE. El modelo incluyó el peso corporal inicial como covariable. Las medias generales para GDP, PCF y DE fueron 263 g, 35 kg y 77 días, respectivamente. La granja afectó (P

O envelhecimento populacional demanda ações de promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças. O projeto de extensão "Práticas de promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças", desenvolvido por estudantes de Medicina da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul junto a idosos em Passo Fundo, buscou promover educação em saúde por meio de encontros mensais e visitas domiciliares. Utilizando a metodologia do Círculo de Cultura de Paulo Freire, o qual consistia em construir o conhecimento a partir do diálogo, trabalho dinâmico em grupo, permitindo além de ensinar como também aprender, estimulando o protagonismo e o empoderamento dos idosos. As visitas domiciliares e a territorialização fortaleceram o vínculo com o serviço de saúde. Desafios como adesão limitada, escassez de recursos e necessidade de aprimoramento da avaliação foram enfrentados. Os resultados reforçam a importância das ações de educação em saúde pautadas na educação popular e na integração ensino-extensão-comunidade para a promoção do envelhecimento ativo e saudável.

Perineal seeding is an extremely rare complication after prostate biopsy. We found a perineal localization of prostatic adenocarcinoma 5 years after the transperineal biopsy in a patient with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. The tumor was identified by a18F-Fluorocholin positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FCH PET-CT) performed after a sudden rise of PSA levels during androgen deprivation therapy and after a negative CT scan. This case report underscores the challenge one may encounter in detecting perineal prostate cancer metastasis after a biopsy when using traditional imaging with CT scan alone or MRI, and the added diagnostic value of PET-CT imaging.