Search

Bioeconomy is deemed to be an ambiguous term with multiple facets: new products from biomass, circular and cascading resource systems, developments of new and more resilient plants, or synthetic biology for molecular biotechnology, to name a few. Accordingly, the term is interpreted just as diversely by involved stakeholders and the broader public. To enable a clear and constructive dialog on bioeconomy strategies with and among society requires a profound understanding of these perceptions. Addressing this issue, a representative survey was conducted among the German population in order to scrutinize the general public's understanding of the term bioeconomy, citizens’ knowledge, fears, and expectations, as well as factors explaining their attitudes toward the bioeconomy. Our results indicate that, so far, German citizens are not very familiar with the concept. Its underlying ideas, however, are vastly appreciated. Support for a sustainable bioeconomy is thus strong and connected to high expectations in terms of environmental and economic benefits, which needs to be taken into account both in the implementation and communication of bioeconomy strategies. Support for the bioeconomy is furthermore connected to beliefs that reflect environmental concern and to pro-environmental behavior. While most measures and principles related to the bioeconomy (e.g., the use of biogas, biofuels, renewable materials for everyday products or buildings, or the cascading and circular use of resources) are strongly appreciated, the use of genetic engineering, for example, is opposed, mainly with regard to its applications in agriculture and industry, to a lesser extent in medicine.

The poor state of public finances in many countries has led to calls for fiscal consolidation. In practice, implementing concrete consolidation measures appears to meet with public resistance, suggesting that the success of consolidation efforts strongly depends on the popularity of the chosen measures. To identify public attitudes toward fiscal consolidation and alternative consolidation measures, we conducted a survey among 2,000 German citizens. Applying ordered and multinominal logit models, we test theory-based hypotheses about the determinants of individual attitudes toward public debt. We find that, inter alia, personal economic situation, time preferences, fiscal illusion, and trust in politicians exert a significant impact on attitudes toward fiscal consolidation and preferences for alternative consolidation measures.

We draw on cleavage theory to assess the emergence of a social conflict concerning globalisation-related issues among the German population between 1989 and 2019. We argue that issue salience and opinion polarisation are key conditions for a successful and sustainable political mobilisation of citizens and thus for the emergence of a social conflict. In line with globalisation cleavage theory, we hypothesised that issue salience as well as overall and between-group opinion polarisation on globalisation-related issues have increased over time. Our study considers four globalisation-related issues: immigration, the European Union (EU), economic liberalism, and the environment. While the salience of the EU and economic liberalism issues remained low during the observed period, we found a recent increase in salience for the issues of immigration (since 2015) and the environment (since 2018). Furthermore, our results point to rather stable attitudes on globalisation-related issues among the German population: We did not find any consistent evidence of an increase in overall or between-group polarisation over time. In conclusion, the idea of an emerging conflict around globalisation-related issues among the German population finds very little empirical support., Im Rückgriff auf die Cleavage-Literatur untersuchen wir, ob in der deutschen Bevölkerung zwischen 1989 und 2019 ein sozialer Konflikt rund um Globalisierungsthemen entstanden ist. Wir argumentieren, dass sowohl Themensalienz als auch Meinungspolarisierung notwendige Bedingungen für eine erfolgreiche und anhaltende politische Mobilisierung von Bürgerinnen und Bürgern sind, und daher auch für das Entstehen sozialer Konflikte. In Übereinstimmung mit der Globalisierungs-Cleavage-Theorie stellen wir die Hypothesen auf, dass sowohl die Themensalienz von als auch die gesamt- und teilgesellschaftliche Meinungspolarisierung um Globalisierungsthemen über die Zeit gestiegen ist. Unsere Studie berücksichtigt die vier Globalisierungsthemen „Einwanderung“, „EU“, „Wirtschaftsliberalismus“ und „Umwelt“. Während die Salienz der Themen „EU“ und „Wirtschaftsliberalismus“ über den gesamten Beobachtungszeitraum gering bleibt, finden wir kürzliche Anstiege in der Salienz von „Immigration“ (seit 2015) und „Umwelt“ (seit 2018). Außerdem weisen unsere Ergebnisse auf recht stabile Einstellungen zu Globalisierungsthemen in der deutschen Bevölkerung hin: Wir finden keine konsistenten Belege für einen Anstieg der gesamt- oder teilgesellschaftlichen Meinungspolarisierung im Verlauf der Zeit. Abschließend lässt sich also festhalten, dass die Idee eines entstehenden Globalisierungskonfliktes in der deutschen Bevölkerung wenig Unterstützung in der Empirie findet.

We analyze the impact of mental health changes on individuals’ willingness to take risks utilizing the nationally representative, longitudinal Socio Demographic Panel dataset of the German population. We employ regression-adjusted matching to identify the impact of mental health changes on individuals’ willingness to take risks. We find that mental health shocks significantly decrease the willingness to take risks. The impact is at least three times as high as that of physical health shocks. We also find that mental health improvements increase the willingness to take risks significantly, while physical health improvements have a similar, but weaker effect. We also use the onset of diagnosed depression as an alternative definition for mental health shocks and obtain very consistent results. Our findings are relevant for better understanding the economic decision making of the large number of individuals with mental health issues. Our results also provide empirical support for the theoretical concepts of cross-DARA and cross-prudence.

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A maradó fogak gyökér-korona arányának meghatározása nagy jelentőséggel bír a fogászati kezelési terv kialakításában és későbbi módosításában. Célkitűzés: Egészséges magyar, német és japán fiatalok maradó fogai gyökér-korona arányának meghatározása és összehasonlítása. Módszer: Hölttä módszerét alkalmaztuk. A mérés 95 magyar, 104 japán és 110 német fiatal páciens 2001 és 2006 között készült panorámaröntgen-felvételén történt. Eredmények: A gyökér-korona arány különbsége a nemek között nem szignifikáns, az egymásnak megfelelő antagonista fogak között sok esetben, de nem mindig, szignifikáns. A legnagyobb gyökér-korona arányt mindhárom populációban az alsó szemfogakon és az alsó második praemolaris fogakon mértük; a felső molarisok esetén a legkisebb az arány. A három nemzetet összehasonlítva szignifikáns különbséget (p≤0,001) nem találtunk egyetlen fogtípus esetében sem. A japán és a német populáció között minden fogtípus esetén szignifikáns volt a különbség a gyökér-korona arányokban. A japán és a magyar populáció összehasonlításakor a fogtípusok felénél találtunk szignifikáns különbséget. A magyar és a német populációt összehasonlítva nagyon kevés fogtípusnál találtunk szignifikáns különbséget. Megbeszélés: Az alsó állcsont fogainak gyökér-korona arányértékei nagyobb mértékben térnek el a populációk között, mint a felső állcsont fogainak esetében. A gyökér-korona arány átlagértéke a német populációban a legnagyobb. A második legnagyobb arányértékkel a magyar populáció rendelkezik, utána pedig a japán, néhány fogtípus kivételével: felső kismetszők, felső szemfogak és felső első molarisok. Következtetés: A legnagyobb gyökér-korona arány különbséget a német és a japán populáció között, a legkisebbet a magyar és a német populáció között találtuk. Cikkünk megmutatja az egyes fogtípusok gyökér-korona arányának normálértékét fiatal, egészséges magyar, német és japán populációban. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(46): 1848–1855. Summary. Introduction: Defining the root-crown ratio of the permanent teeth is important in making or changing proper treatment plans in dentistry. Objective: To define and compare the root-crown ratios of the permanent teeth of healthy, young Hungarian, German, and Japanese populations. Method: We adapted Hölttä’s method. 95 Hungarian, 104 Japanese and 110 German young patients’ panoramic X-rays (made between 2001 and 2006) were involved in the investigation. Results: Difference between the genders was found non-significant; between the corresponding antagonists many times, but not all significant. The highest root-crown ratios were found in all investigated populations by the lower canines and premolars, the lowest by the upper molars. P≤0,001 was not found among the three populations. Significant differences were found between Japanese and German populations by all tooth-types; between Japanese and Hungarian populations by near half of the tooth-types; between Hungarian and German populations by only a few tooth-types. Discussion: More significant differences were found in root-crown ratios in the lower jaw among the populations. The mean value of the root-crown ratios was the highest in the German population; medium in the Hungarian population; and the least in the Japanese population, with a few exceptions: upper lateral incisors, canines and first molars. Conclusion: The biggest differences were found between the German and Japanese populations; the least between the Hungarian and the German populations. Our paper describes the control values of the root-crown ratios of the tooth types in young, healthy Hungarian, German, and Japanese populations. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(46): 1848–1855.

After the Second World War, according to various sources, there were between 3.5 and 4.5 million citizens of the former German Third Reich within the borders of Poland. According to the agreements of the so-called Big Three, made during the Yalta and Potsdam conferences, this population was to be resettled within the borders of post-war Germany. The mass deportation actions lasted from 1946 to 1949 and covered the vast majority of the population, but still about 200,000 people remained in their previous places of residence. In the following years of the existence of "People's Poland", they also gradually left the country, emigrating to the West. The primary objective of this paper was to attempt to characterize ethnic policy towards the German population in the post-war Poland. Over the years, the attitude of the state towards this group has fluctuated considerably, being characterized both by repressive measures and by the possibility of enjoying a relatively undisturbed existence.

Ziel der Studie Etwa 25% der deutschen Bevolkerung raucht. Obgleich Tabakentwohnung eines der effektivsten Mittel zur Reduktion tabakassoziierter Folgen ist, findet sie nicht ihren Weg in die Regelversorgung. Auch in Hausarztpraxen wird sie nur vereinzelt angeboten. Diese Studie untersucht, wie Hausarztinnen und Hausarzte mit dem Thema Tabakentwohnung umgehen und welche Faktoren die Umsetzung von Tabakentwohnung behindern. Methodik Es wurden leitfadengestutzte Einzelinterviews mit 13 LehrarztInnen des Instituts fur Hausarztmedizin in Bonn gefuhrt. Die Interviews wurden auf Tonband aufgezeichnet und transkribiert. Anhand des Textmaterials erfolgte in MAXQDA eine inhaltlich strukturierende Inhaltsanalyse mit deduktiv-induktiver Kategorienbildung. Ergebnisse Die HausarztInnen berichten verschiedene Arten, wie sie Tabakentwohnungsmasnahmen in der Praxis umsetzen, wobei sie kombinierte Ansatze als erfahrungsgemas effektiv beschreiben. Nikotinersatztherapie und verschreibungspflichtige Mittel behalten sie starken Rauchern mit erfolglosen Entwohnungsversuchen vor. Ihrer Erfahrung nach ist der Wirkstoff Vareniclin sehr wirksam und gut vertraglich. Dennoch berichten die HausarztInnen einen zuruckhaltenden Einsatz, da sie infolge der Warnhinweise fur den Wirkstoff Bupropion auch Nebenwirkungen bei Vareniclin befurchten. Als zentrale Barrieren fur Tabakentwohnung sehen sie praxisseitigen Zeitmangel, fehlende Patientenmotivation und Kosten fur medikamentose Ansatze. Schlussfolgerung Die befragten HausarztInnen mochten gerade ihren motivierten PatientInnen zum Rauchstopp verhelfen. Jedoch fehlt eine strukturierte Behandlung der Tabakabhangigkeit. Dadurch ist die Anzahl an Raucherinterventionen gering und wirksame Therapien werden zu selten eingesetzt. Der Aufwand einer strukturierten Behandlung musste jedoch finanziell entlohnt werden. Zudem konnten die HausarztInnen durch den Ausbau von externen Angeboten zur Tabakentwohnung zeitlich entlastet werden. Purpose About 25% of the German population suffers from smoking. Although smoking cessation is one of the most effective approaches to reduce tobacco-related consequences, it is not well implemented in basic health care. Also, in GP practices it is only offered in a handful of cases. This study examines how GPs deal with the topic of smoking cessation and which factors hamper the implementation of smoking cessation. Methods Guided individual interviews were conducted with 13 GPs from teaching practices of the Institute of Family Medicine in Bonn. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Facilitated by MAXQDA the text document was analysed using thematic qualitative text analysis with deductive-inductive coding. Results GPs report different ways in which they implement smoking cessation in practice, describing combined interventions as most effective in practice. Nicotine replacement therapy and drug prescribing are reserved for heavy smokers with unsuccessful attempts to quit. In their experience, varenicline is effective and well tolerated. However, GPs report that they are cautious about using varenicline as they are afraid of side effects due to the warnings for the other cessation drug bupropion. According to the GPs the main barriers for smoking cessation are a lack of time in the practice, lack of patient motivation and the costs of medication. Conclusion The interviewed GPs concentrate on their motivated patients when applying smoking cessation. However, there is no structured treatment for nicotine addiction. As a consequence, the number of smoking interventions is low and effective therapies are rarely used. As a structured treatment is associated with a higher workload, there is a need for financial reward. In addition, GPs could be supported by providing more external smoking cessation services.

The term Sudetenland refers to large regions of the former Czechoslovakia that had been dominated by Germans. German population was expelled directly after the Second World War, between 1945 and 1947. Almost three million people left large areas in less than two years. This population change led to a break in the relationship between the people and the landscape. The aim of the study is to compare the trajectories of these changes in agricultural landscapes in lower and higher altitudes, both in depopulated areas and areas with preserved populations. This study included ten sites in the region of Northern Bohemia in Czechia (18,000 ha in total). Five of these sites represent depopulated areas, and the other five areas where populations remained preserved. Changes in the landscape were assessed through a bi-temporal analysis of land use change by using aerial photograph data from time hoirzons of 2018 and 1953. Land use changes from the 1950s to the present are corroborated in the studied depopulated and preserved areas mainly by the trajectory of agricultural land to forest. The results prove that both population displacement and landscape type are important factors that affect landscape changes, especially in agricultural landscapes.

Background Recently, emergence of a higher proportion of serotype 3 in children with parapneumonic pleural effusion/empyema (PPE/PE) were observed in Germany despite general immunization with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) since 2009. The impact of PCV13 on the overall incidence of PPE/PE in children is unclear. Methods Annual incidence of PPE/PE in children were determined using secondary health care data for 2009–2018, provided by the Barmer statutory health insurer, serving about 11% of the German population. Temporal trends of the annual incidence were modelled applying generalized additive models. Results Overall incidence of PPE/PE in children ( ≤18 years) in the ten-year observation period was 18.17 per 100,000. The 0–1 year olds showed the highest incidence (43.09 per 100 000). PPE/PE incidence decreased from 2009 until 2013 (nadir 2013 was 15.36; 95% CI: 13.41–17.31). Since 2013, the data show an annual increase. The nadir of incidence for the 2–5 year olds (15.85; 95% CI: 11.27–20.43) and the 6–18 year olds (12.29; 95% CI: 10.23–14.36) was also in 2013, whereas for the 0–1 year olds it was found in 2014 (32.66; 95% CI: 23.79–41.54). The GAM across all age groups showed a nearly U-shaped curve between time and incidence of PPE/PE by calendar year (p-non-linear = 0.0017). The model confirms the nadir in the year 2013. Discussion We found a nonlinear temporal trend of PPE/PE incidence in children with a decrease from 2009 to 2013 and a subsequent increase until 2018. The former might be explained by a quasi elimination of serotype 1, the latter by an increase in the proportion of serotype 3 as demonstrated in German surveillance data of pediatric PPE/PE cases generated during the same observation period.

In May 1945, Western Silesia, originally inhabited predominantly by the German population, found itself in a completely new situation. The region was once again controlled by the Czechoslovak state power, which wanted to re-organise life in the borderlands. Therefore, it was necessary to handle the issue of the German population, as well as the influx of new settlers from the Czechoslovak inland and abroad. Changes took place on the other side of the border as well, and neighbouring Germany was replaced by Poland. These aspects gave rise to a completely new security situation that the newly formed security corps had to address. The article attempts to follow the relationship of the Czechoslovak security corps to the members of other nationalities who lived in the researched area or with those whom they came into contact while guarding the non-fixed state borders. Research shows that, in 1945, the National Security Corps (SNB) indeed took qualitatively different approaches to various nationalities, ranging from strong hostility and distrust towards the Germans, through vigilance towards the Polish, to an ambiguous attitude towards re-emigrants.

ZusammenfassungBisherige Studien zu Sexual Sensation Seeking (SSS) und der Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale (SSSS) wurden überwiegend an nach dem Alter sowie dem Geschlecht selektierten Stichproben durchgeführt. In dieser Arbeit wurde die deutsche Version der SSSS anhand einer repräsentativen Umfrage an Männern und Frauen evaluiert, welche die gesamte Altersspanne der erwachsenen deutschen Bevölkerung umfasst. Die Gütekriterien und die Faktorenstruktur der deutschen Version der Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale wurden anhand einer repräsentativen Stichprobe von N=2420 Probanden (54% Frauen, 46% Männer) im Alter von 18–93 Jahren (M=50,44, SD=16,97) untersucht. Die SSSS zeigt gute Werte hinsichtlich der internen Konsistenz der Skala (α=0,91). Korrelationen mit Außenkriterien (Need Inventory of Sensation Seeking: r=0,56; Sexual Compulsivity Scale: r=0,68; p < 0,001 für beide Vergleiche) deuten auf konvergente Validität hin. Alters- und geschlechtsspezifische Effekte in erwarteter Richtung stützen die Konstruktvalidität: Männer erzielten über alle Altersklassen hinweg höhere Werte. Die Werte waren von der jüngsten bis zur höchsten Altersklasse für beide Geschlechter abnehmend. Die eindimensionale Struktur der Skala ließ sich faktorenanalytisch (EFA) nicht eindeutig bestätigen. Die SSSS erwies sich als zuverlässiges Verfahren zur Messung von SSS in der deutschen Bevölkerung. Sexual Sensation Seeking sollte perspektivisch nicht nur als Risikofaktor eingestuft, sondern auch ressourcenorientiert als positiver Prädiktor für Sexualität in die Forschungen eingebunden werden.

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die nichtalkoholische Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD) zählt zu den häufigsten Lebererkrankungen in Deutschland. Langfristig besteht das Risiko einer Leberzirrhose und weiterer Folgeerkrankungen. Epidemiologische Studien zur NAFLD in Deutschland liegen kaum vor. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist eine dezidierte Analyse der administrativen Inzidenz und Prävalenz (der diagnostizierten Erkrankungen) im Zeitraum von 2008 bis 2018. Methodik Die Grundlage der Analysen bilden GKV-Routinedaten. Es wurden Personen mit durchgängiger Versicherung im Analysejahr sowie im 3-jährigen Vorbeobachtungszeitraum eingeschlossen (1,7–2 Mio. Versicherte pro Analysejahr). Erkrankte Personen wurden über relevante ICD-10-Codes (K76.0 und K75.8) identifiziert. Ergebnisse Im Jahr 2018 wurde bei 4,66 % der Versicherten eine NAFLD-Diagnose gestellt, eine erstmalige Diagnose lag bei 0,87 % vor. Diagnosen einer Fettleberentzündung (NASH) waren mit 0,09 % selten. Im Zeitverlauf zeigt sich eine steigende NAFLD-Prävalenz, wobei sich die Zahl der jährlich erstmals diagnostizierten Patienten kaum verändert hat. Bei Vorliegen von Erkrankungen des metabolischen Syndroms war die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer NAFLD signifikant erhöht. Schlussfolgerungen Es zeigt sich, dass eine NAFLD im ärztlichen Alltag häufig diagnostiziert wird, auch wenn Daten aus populationsbasierten Untersuchungen eine noch höhere Prävalenz vermuten lassen.

The present study aims at comparing physical and mental health outcomes of different migrant groups and the native German population, testing for the presence of a healthy migrant effect (HME) and ...

One of the elements of the “total war” declared by the Nazi leadership in February 1943 was the massive displacement of the civilian population of the occupied Soviet territories to the deep rear. As a rule, these movements were voluntary compulsory. Among those who were also subjected to mandatory evacuation were ethnic Germans, who, as a rule, enjoyed the special patronage of the occupation authorities. Most of them, of course, could not help fearing reprisals after the return of Soviet power and therefore preferred to retreat with the Wehrmacht. As a result, during the first few months of 1943, thousands of refugees of German nationality were quickly evacuated from several occupied regions of the RSFSR, the Ukrainian SSR, and the BSSR. Some of them, by decision of the SS leadership, remained on the territory of the Reichskommissariat “Ukraine”, while others left for the imperial region of Warthegau and the General Government. Despite their very modest scale, these evacuations had at least two main outcomes. First, they became, in a sense, a prototype (especially at the organizational level) of administrative relocations that unfolded in the autumn of the same year on the territory of Ukraine. Some considerations (such as the idea of the concentration of German refugees on the right bank of the Dnieper or in Galicia) would later form the basis for further plans of the Nazi leadership. Secondly, the arrival of a fairly large contingent of Soviet Germans in the Reich required several changes to the legal framework governing the procedure for their naturalization. A significant part of these innovations will determine the fate of the majority of German immigrants from the USSR practically until the end of the war. In the presented article, based on the involvement of a significant array of documents from the archival funds of Germany, the characteristic features of the evacuation of ethnic Germans from the occupied regions of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus in winter-spring 1943 are considered.

The compilation of commercial property price indices (CPPIs) is challenging. Policymakers urge for timely, reliable and comprehensive data. In Germany, lack of data prevents the calculation of official figures by the national statistical authority. Different applications of price indices need different definitions of commercial real estate. CPPIs according to these definitions are constructed on the basis of existing data for 127 German towns and cities (that cover about one-third of German population). The overall price developments revealed by the various indices are rather similar in terms of central time series characteristics, while differences in detail can be explained by their specific compositions. Price increases for all definitions have been strongest in the seven largest cities. The definitions tend to lead to more marked differences for medium-sized towns.

En: Doxa Comunicación: revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales. e-ISSN 2386-3978 n. 31, 2020, pp 107-129 El artículo analiza el papel que desempeñan en el proceso de integración y construcción europea aquellos medios en lengua extranjera publicados en la Costa del Sol para la población alemana residente en esta región. Los objetivos son conocer las características sociodemográficas de esta audiencia activa, identificar su dieta mediática, analizar el papel que desempeñan los medios que componen esta dieta mediática en la integración de la población de residentes alemanes en la sociedad española, especialmente desde el punto de vista del proceso de construcción europea. La encuesta y el grupo de discusión conforman la metodología central de este estudio. La principal conclusión explica que estos medios les ayudan parcialmente en su proceso de integración, si bien, podría aumentar este papel si atendiese a las demandas informativas y los problemas que obstaculizan su integración. Además, los alemanes residentes en la Costa del Sol demuestran un fuerte espíritu europeísta. This article analyses how the foreign-language media published on the Costa del Sol for the German population living in this region affect their process of European integration and construction. The aims are to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of this active audience, to identify their media diet and to analyse the role played by the media they consume in the integration of the German resident population into Spanish society, especially from the point of view of the process of European construction. Surveys and discussion groups make up the core methodology of this study. The main conclusion is that these media help them to an extended in their process of covered, although this role could be further expanded if the media met the information demands and the problems that hinder the residents’ integration. Furthermore, the Germans living on the Costa del Sol display a strong pro-European spirit.

Purpose Body image has been identified as an important factor in mental health in individuals with obesity. Previous studies have focused on negative body image and research of positive body image—particularly in obesity—is still in its infancy. The current study explored the positive body image facet body appreciation and the negative facet appearance evaluation in different BMI groups as well as men and women. Methods A total of 1003 participants of the general German public above the age of 18 years completed measures on body appreciation and appearance evaluation. Results Significantly lower body appreciation was observed in male participants with obesity compared to normal-weight participants. In women, the BMI groups did not differ significantly in body appreciation. BMI was negatively associated with appearance evaluation in both genders. While men and women did not differ in body appreciation, men reported lower appearance evaluation scores compared to women. Conclusion The present study is one of few that investigated positive body image in individuals with obesity compared to individuals with normal weight. The findings underscore the potential of body appreciation as a resource in treatment of body image concerns in individuals with obesity. Further implications for future research are discussed. Level of evidence III, case–control analytic study.

The article presents the most important facts from the abundant biography of professor Stefan Banasiak, a historian of recent history and for a number of years the director of the Institute of History at the University of Lodz. Stefan Banasiak came from the Łeczyca region. He was born in Topola Katowa in a peasant family. A few years after the Second World War he graduated from the University of Lodz with a degree in social sciences. From 1953, he started working as an assistant at this university, while continuing his studies at the University of Warsaw. After obtaining a master's degree, he developed a scientific and didactic career at the University of Lodz. He obtained further levels of academic advancement: in 1961 he became a doctor and in 1967 he received a postdoctoral degree. In 1978, he was appointed an associate professor, and in 1990 became a full professor. In the years 1968–1970 he was deputy director, then in the years 1970–1978 the director of the Institute of History of the University of Lodz. He obtained significant achievements in scientific research, especially the problems of post-war resettlement of German population and settlement activity in the Western and Northern Territories. He also specialized in regional history, writing many publications on social and political history of Łodź and other centers of the Lodz region. He had great achievements in educating the scientific staff of historians (he promoted over 120 MAs and 7 doctors). He was active in many organizations and associations. The funeral of professor Banasiak took place on April 4, 2018 at the cemetery in Łodź in Ogrodowa Street.

Objective:To assess the knowledge, opinions and expectations of persons with and without obesity concerning personalised genotype-based nutrition.Design:Questions about nutrition, weight management and personalised genotype-based dietary recommendations were asked via standardised telephone-based interviews. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected. The data were statistically weighted by age, gender, education, domicile and BMI.Setting:Germany.Participants:Representative sample of the German population (n 1003) randomly sampled via a scientific Random Digit dial method plus 354 adults with a BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m2 to enlarge the sample.Results:Data of 1357 participants were analysed (51·1 % female, age: 50·5 ± 18·5 years, 15·9 % adults with a BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m2). About 42 % or 19 % of the survey participants stated to know the terms personalised dietary recommendation or genotype-based dietary recommendation, respectively. Of those, 15·8 % indicated to have an experience with a personalised or genotype-based dietary recommendation. Almost 70 % of the survey participants believed that a genotype-based dietary recommendation is a reasonable measure for weight management. About 55 % of the survey participants pointed out that a genotype-based dietary recommendation is an effective concept in general. One-third of the survey participants (34·6 %) indicated to conceive the usage of a genotype-based dietary recommendation.Conclusion:Most of the survey participants did not know the term personalised or genotype-based dietary recommendation. One-third of the study participants are interested to use a genotype-based dietary recommendation. Therefore, more education of the public is necessary to properly help people making informed and serious decisions and assessing commercially available direct-to-consumer genetic tests.

The major goal of this paper is characterising German education in Legnica in relation to the education of this minority after WWII. Before the second half of the 1950s, Lower Silesia was home to the biggest German diaspora in Poland while Legnica was a significant location on the map of German settlement. In addition, it hosted one of the largest schools with German language; along with a similar institution in Wrocław, it was one of two oldest institutions of this type in Poland. The first part of this paper analyses the social and political situation of the German population in Poland after WWII. The second part describes the characteristics of the diaspora’s education, and the third part discusses the education of the German population in post-war Legnica.

Hip joint problems are common in every-day orthopedic practice. At the age of 60, approximately 5% of the German population suffer from symptomatic osteoarthritis of the hip. One of the main trigger is the morphological abnormality of the joint. Causes may also be overloading of the joint, developmental dysplasia of the hip with reduced coverage, as well as femoral or acetabular malpositioning, for example. The impact of hip joint contractures, leg length discrepancies, and the spinopelvic alignment and their prophylactic treatment in childhood, adolescence and early adulthood are discussed here.

Diese empirische Studie untersucht, ob und wie viel Individuen zur Austragung Olympischer Spiele in Deutschland zu zahlen bereit sind. Zusatzlich wird erstmals ermittelt, was Individuen dafur verlangen wurden, dass Olympische Spiele im eigenen Land stattfinden, wenn sie das eigentlich nicht wollen. Auserdem identifiziert diese Studie Determinanten, die die Zahlungsbereitschaft einschlieslich der Kompensationsforderungen fur die Austragung Olympischer Spiele in Deutschland beeinflussen. Die positive Zahlungsbereitschaft abzuglich Forderungen wird positiv beeinflusst von der gefuhlten Bedeutung von deutschen Erfolge bei Olympia. Soziookonomische Faktoren wie Geschlecht, Alter und Einkommen beeinflussen dieses Mas ebenfalls signifikant. Die Extrapolation der individuellen Zahlungsbereitschaften und Kompensationsforderungen ergibt, dass die deutsche Bevolkerung im Aggregat uber eine Zahlungsbereitschaft von netto 3,57 Mrd. Euro fur die Austragung von Olympischen Spielen in Deutschland verfugt.