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This paper introduces a series of lectures Ernst Kantorowicz offered to the Army Specialized Training Program in 1943 in order to reconsider the development of his intellectual biography. These "wartime lectures" constitute Kantorowicz's only sustained discussion of modern German history and his only intellectual engagement with Nazism. Introducing these lectures thus presents an opportunity to re-examine the relationship between Kantorowicz's early and mature works through his assessment of Nazi Germany. For Kantorowicz, Nazism was the violent result of a German commitment to political prophecy. At the core of Kantorowicz's lectures was a criticism of political theology and its role in modern history. In making this criticism, Kantorowicz simultaneously distanced himself from the prophetic register of his earlier writings. Moreover, recovering Kantorowicz's concern with modern political theology is also important in foregrounding the intellectual genealogy of The King's Two Bodies, a work often separated from its more telling subtitle: A Study in Medieval Political Theology. Together, this paper argues that the most significant changes in Kantorowicz's writings can be traced to the intellectual circumstances of the Second World War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigrants, and particularly immigrant men, are often stereotyped as untrustworthy in European societies. However, little research has examined how stereotypes of characteristics other than ethnicity might impact natives' perceptions of the trustworthiness of immigrants. Here, I test whether facial attractiveness, a trait associated with a variety of positive stereotypes, might modify ethnic biases in trustworthiness perceptions. I vary facial attractiveness and ethnicity using photo and name stimuli presented in a hypothetical "lost wallet" vignette, in which respondents assess the likelihood of the pictured man returning their lost wallet. Results from an German online panel survey indicate that while attractiveness has a modest positive effect on perceived trustworthiness, the value of attractiveness does not differ between ethnic majority German men and men with a Turkish migration background. Rather, the largest differences in the perceived trustworthiness of Turkish-origin men are found between respondents with inclusionary and exclusionary immigration attitudes, with inclusionary respondents reporting that Turkish-origin vignette persons are more trustworthy than ethnic majority German vignette persons. These results suggest that physical attractiveness does not act as a substantial moderator of ethnic biases in trustworthiness perceptions, but that immigration attitudes are highly relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DeWitt Bailey, a renowned scholar of historic firearms, passed away in March 2024 after a long illness. Born in the USA, he spent most of his life in England, where he became an authority on shooting with muzzle loading weapons and military firearms. Remembered fondly by friends and family, DeWitt's contributions to the field of firearms research will continue to be studied and appreciated by those interested in guns and shooting. [Extracted from the article]

The implementation of an ecosystem-based approach (EBA) is a core requirement of the EU Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) directive. Ecosystem-based management presents a fundamental challenge to established practices concerning the planning of marine space and the governance of human activities at sea. Experience to date indicates considerable variation in the application of EBA across Europe. This variation can be attributed in part to differences in underlying planning traditions and cultures. In this article, we examine the specific case of EBA implementation in the current maritime spatial plan for Germany's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Following an interpretive analysis approach, we critically analyse how the scope and function of planning are understood in German MSP policy and practice. A narrow understanding of planning as solely concerned with the spatial coordination of competing claims on marine space is traced to a legalistic terrestrial planning tradition with a long history in German public administration. This narrow interpretation of the role of planning is found to fundamentally restrict the strategic, performative capacity of German MSP and, in particular, the potential for German MSP to apply ecosystem-based management principles. In conclusion, we contend that the implementation of an EBA requires a fundamental shift in planning paradigms and modes of governance. This empirical case provides a basis for critical reflection on the capacity of EU member states to implement an EBA as understood under the MSP directive and the mode of planning this might entail. This article was published open access under a CC BY-ND licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nd/4.0/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates reactions of Jews to the perceived risk of antisemitic incidents in Germany by using a mixed-methods design. First, findings from qualitative interviews with 21 German Jews are presented: They perceive Jewishness as a stigmatized identity which ‘spoils’ everyday interactions, often simply because it is linked to the ‘weight’ of German history. We derive two analytical types of reaction to perceptions of stigmatization: defensive efforts to hide one’s Jewish identity and intervening engagement to actively combat antisemitism. In the second part of the paper, we report the findings of a quantitative survey of 295 Jews living in Germany to answer the question who choses which type of reaction. Especially the characteristics of the area where Jews live and the specifics of their Jewish identity are important correlates for explaining variance in their reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution traces the history of the German Qur'an edition published by the Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha'at-e-Islam Lahore (Lahore-Ahmadiyya) in Berlin in 1939. Maulvi Sadr-ud-Dīn, the Lahore-Ahmadiyya missionary who erected the first mosque in Berlin, fashioned the translation. To reach out to a German audience gearing up for war, he entrusted his Berlin collaborator, the philosopher Hugo Marcus, with the details of the commentary. The narrative starts in 1924, when Tatar intellectuals first sat down with Sadr-ud-Dīn to discuss the necessity of preparing Qur'an editions for European readers. It ends with the publication of the German Qur'an at the moment Germans were finalising their war preparations. Hugo Marcus' approach to his commentary involved relating single Qur'an verses to Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy, focusing on genius, heroism, and suffering. In making that choice, he connected the Qur'anic text to the Herrenethik ('ethics of male superiority') that pervaded National-Socialist (Nazi) ideology. From this emerged an exegesis full of delusions about masculinity and racist arrogance. A comparison with Hugo Marcus' writings of the 1930s illustrates how it was wrought. In their approach to racism, nationalism, and war, Ahmadi Muslim missionaries and German Muslims in Berlin differed considerably. In their many attempts to bridge East and West through religion, their disagreements on these issues present a pivotal moment in intercultural communication, leaving an imprint on how the Qur'an was explained in Sadr-ud-Dīn's translation. Whereas the Lahore-Ahmadiyya tried to smooth the way towards an 'international religion' and defended the 'Jihad of the Pen', German Muslims steered close to the expectations of a frenzied, war-minded public. A straightforward document, Hugo Marcus' tafsīr served to exonerate them in advance, wherever they were heading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While a rich body of work on nations and national borderlands has demonstrated how the ideal of the nation state resulted in ever greater (and often violent) demands for geographic fixity, this article shows how territorial visions of regional communities permitted a tremendous level of flexibility and were able to hold highly divergent geographic imaginings in suspension. The article seeks to demonstrate this by looking at a unique moment in post-war West German history when spatial planers, parliamentary committees, regionalists and an army of experts sought to determine the boundaries of regional belonging in preparation for a planned redrawing of the West German federal map. Many believed that a viable federalist democracy required stronger federal states rooted in a sense of regional community. The states created by the Allies were initially seen as temporary, and Article 29 of the new constitution required that states be redrawn by considering boundaries of regional belonging. The intense efforts of experts, politicians, and regionalists, however, ultimately failed and revealed widely diverging ideas about which territories corresponded to a common sense of regional community. Conflicting historic state borders, the historic force of physical geographies, confession, orientation to urban centres, a profusion of dialect borders, and regional cultural practices all shaped geographic visions of region, but simultaneously underpinned widely-variant cognitive maps. While the failure to redraw the West German map resulted in this episode of history largely being forgotten, I argue that it speaks volumes about how forms of community beyond and beneath the nation state have been imagined in territorial space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

David Kahn was one of America's leading experts on the history of cryptology, the art and science of breaking the communications codes, ciphers, and secret writing of hostile nations and terrorist organizations – a vital intelligence tradecraft for anticipating potentially dangerous operations of foreign adversaries. As both a journalist and a professional historian, he pursued scholarly interests in cryptology as well as modern German history. His most well-known book, entitled The Codebreakers, influenced the field of cryptology and attracted many young readers to this intelligence profession. Kahn wrote many other studies on the topic and founded the journal Cryptologia. He received an array of honors for his work, including induction into the National Security Agency's Cryptologic Hall of Fame. In addition, Kahn was a popular social fixture at prestigious clubs in New York City and a member of several boards of editors devoted to Intelligence Studies, including this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on research on cohort-specific trends in life-course differentiation and destandardization, our study seeks to explore how patterns of family-life-course diversity relate to characteristics of sociopolitical regimes. Applying sequence analysis, we analyse cohort-specific family life courses from nine European countries and Canada, classifying them into five sociopolitical regimes (Nordic, Anglo-Saxon, Mediterranean, Continental, Eastern). We use data from the Harmonized Histories and the German National Educational Panel Survey. Our results indicate that sociopolitical regimes differentiate patterns of life-course diversity quite well in the Nordic, Anglo-Saxon, and Eastern European countries but to a lesser degree in the Mediterranean and Continental countries. In methodological terms, our results suggest that distinguishing patterns of diversity between and within life courses helps to create a more nuanced empirical account of changing life-course patterns, particularly in a cross-national perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a new perspective on the intersection of technology, biology, and politics in modern Germany by examining the history of biotechnics, a nonanthropocentric concept of technology that was developed in German-speaking Europe from the 1870s to the 1930s. Biotechnics challenged the traditional view of technology as exclusively a human creation, arguing that nature itself could also be a source of technical innovations. Our study focuses on the contributions of Ernst Kapp, Raoul Heinrich Francé, and Alf Giessler, highlighting the gradual shift in political perspectives that influenced the merging of nature and technology in their respective visions of biotechnics. From Kapp's liberal radicalism to Francé's social organicism and ultimately to Giessler's totalitarian fascism, their writings increasingly vitalized technology by portraying it as a natural force independent from human influence. The history of biotechnics sheds light on previously unexplored aspects of debates surrounding the sciences and philosophy of technology in Germany, while also foreshadowing contemporary discussions on technocultural hybridity. As a genealogy of the idea of nonhuman technology, the article raises perturbing questions about the political implications of conflating nature and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ice service at the German Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency and its predecessors has been committed to the safety and easiness of ship navigation for more than 100 years. Within this paper, an overview of the operational products issued by the German ice service on a daily to weekly basis throughout the northern hemisphere winter season is given. These comprise written reports, ice charts, NAVTEX messages, and messages via the Global Telecommunication System to inform about the sea ice situation in German coastal waters, the Baltic Sea, and worldwide. Furthermore, the ice service has systematically collected ice observation data along the German North Sea and Baltic Sea coast since the winter of 1896/1897. The history of the German ice service is presented to put the sea ice data into context of the observation technologies used in the course of the existence of the ice service. These long-term observations enable climatological analyses of the sea ice cover in German coastal waters necessary for the safe operation of offshore infrastructure. An evaluation of the data shows a recent decline in sea ice occurrence in the Baltic Sea and German Bight. Current work is ongoing to preserve more of the historic data in digital form and also to transform the products to conform to modern standards in digital technologies and interactive solutions for the customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between towns and lords was fundamental both to the making of towns and to the making of polities in the late Middle Ages. The European literature on state growth has led historians to focus on the role of towns in historicizing narratives of state formation and national exceptionalism. These different narratives have depended on urban typologies that emphasize the importance of the self-governing town at the expense of the town that operated under conditions of lordship. Yet the relationship between towns and lords was an essential, and inescapable, aspect of urban life. The experiences of the English town of Walsall, in the historic county of Staffordshire, are set within a European context. Walsall's small size made it typical of the majority of urban centres in late medieval Europe. In an enduring pattern, the late medieval town was a site of continuing political experimentation, and urban development necessitated lordship. The complex entanglements between towns and lords also shaped polities. The article makes a case for the comparability of local political landscapes in different parts of Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The founder of the first independent and non-state-funded research institute for prehistory and early history in Germany in 1921, the UFI in Tübingen, Robert Rudolf Schmidt, deserves to be looked at again for a key phase of his life after his dismissal from university service in the spring of 1934 that has received little attention to date. And this despite the fact that his person has already been assessed several times from an academic perspective. New documents from private archives supplement his researcher CV and are suitable for re-examining narratives about his person that have already been presented from a different perspective. This applies in particular to the excavation he carried out in the Palaeolithic caves of Mauern near Rennertshofen in Bavaria, which had previously eluded closer scrutiny. During his scientific work in the 20th century, he was active in five political systems. In the German Empire (until 1918), in the Weimar Republic (until 1933), in National Socialism (until 1945), in the Allied period (until 1949) and in the last months of his life in the Federal Republic of Germany (from 1949), whose demands he faced and whose leeway he tried to utilise for his prehistoric research, but which he failed at several times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jahrbuch für Germanistische Sprachgeschicht is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the history of the German state, the world-wide economic crisis (1929-1939) probably also had an impact on the availability of inks. The research aimed to find out whether it is possible to discriminate between inks and determine the prevalence of ink manufacturers in a specific area, which, in statistical terms, could provide insight into the development of regional ink producers. The research covered selected inscriptions in ink written in a Diary from a small geographical area. Ink examination was carried out using non-invasive VIS-NIR and RS spectroscopic methods involving a statistical approach. The obtained results allowed effective discrimination of the inks and divided them into several groups. Research has shown that iron-gall inks from several ink manufacturers were used to prepare the entries in the Diary. It cannot be ruled out that the differences in individual inks resulted from technological changes in their production process. Additionally, the research revealed a multitude of entries made with iron-gall inks, which may testify to the development of small-scale production of iron-gall inks confined to one geographical area. This type of historical document may constitute a forgery in whole or in specific parts of the inscriptions executed to falsify significant facts, therefore it is an object of interest of forensic science. The non-invasive VIS-NIR and RS spectroscopic methods supported by statistical approach should continue to develop to become an alternative and reliable solution offering great potential in forensic examination of inks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soziologie is the property of Campus Verlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nachrichten aus der Chemie is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Guide to the Initial Study of German by Students of All Nationalities („Leitfaden für den ersten Unterricht im Deutschen. Zum Gebrauche für Schüler aller Nationalitӓten”) presented here was available at the end of the XIX - the beginning of the XX century for the Bulgarian audience, but it was more popular in the pan-European educational context, as it provides interesting linguodidactological guidelines for the first lessons in German. However, the abundance of texts and grammatical rules rather shows that the authors have not managed to emancipate themselves completely from the dogmatism of the grammar-translation method and from the imperative memorization of words and rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like other historiographical fields, that of German history has been defined through most of its existence by the things historians argued about. We could go back well over a hundred years to the Methodenstreit over Karl Lamprecht's efforts to write multidisciplinary history, follow the line through the work of Eckart Kehr, Fritz Fischer, Hans Ulrich Wehler, and the Sonderweg debate, and continue on through the Historikerstreit and the Historikerinnenstreit of the 1980s, and the Goldhagen and Wehrmacht exhibit fights in the mid-1990s, to recent debates over the relative weight of colonial and Holocaust memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the history of Ilse Koch, a woman who worked in concentration camps during the National Socialist era. Ilse Koch was convicted by an American military tribunal and later re-convicted by German courts. It also addresses the allegations that she was in possession of objects made from human skin, although this could not be proven. Ilse Koch was the wife of an SS leader and used her position in the Buchenwald concentration camp to exert violence. The case of Ilse Koch reflects German social history and was used as a projection surface for the guilt of the Nazi regime. There were several legal proceedings against her, including in the United States, which was considered unusual. [Extracted from the article]

The religious overtones of the Thirty Years War (1618–1648) resonated in particular in multiconfessional towns and cities like Augsburg. Not only were churches destroyed, desecrated or reassigned in deliberate acts of war, but the military supremacy of one side or the other could mean a permanent end to the ability of a portion of the city's inhabitants to practise their religion. In 1648 the Peace of Westphalia recognized the existence of multiple confessions and clarified ownership of church properties, allowing minority confessions to rebuild their churches and schools. In some multiconfessional towns such as Heidelberg and Hanau, Lutheran congregations took advantage of the provisions of the peace to build elaborate churches where none had existed before. Lingering fear of confessional annihilation drove postwar fundraising efforts for the building or rebuilding of churches. The memory of the trauma of war was expressed in confessionally specific ways until the significance of religious coexistence in German history was reassessed after the Second World War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Portrait photography is a fixed element in the history of German Jewry. This article asks what we can learn about a Jewish biography like that of the German–Jewish writer Sammy Gronemann by seeking to follow his life's trajectories through the images he and others created of him and the appearances he coined. It argues that photography not only represented but also actively shaped his work as a writer and a Zionist politician and that it influenced the worlds he inhabited. It does so by situating Gronemann, the German Jew, in the history of German portrait photography, Gronemann, the Western Zionist, in the history of international Zionist image politics and Gronemann, the writer in the history of the creation of a visible cultural scene in the Yishuv and later Israel. Pondering Gronemann's relationship with visual arts offers insights into the ways public visibility shaped German–Jewish realities both in Europe and in Palestine, both before and after the foundation of the State of Israel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Necmettin Erbakan University Journal of the Faculty of Political Science / Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Necmettin Erbakan University Journal of The Faculty of Political Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Feminist thought constitutes an important part of the theoretical system of German Romanticism. Romantics redefined gender roles and gender relations mainly around women's naturalness, ability to love, artistic talent and other contents, and started a landmark transformation of women's spirit in the history of German thought. This paper mainly discusses F. Schlegel's romantic feminist thought from three aspects: women as poetic existence, women's ability to "love" and women as human nature model, and focuses on the emancipation and conservatism in Schlegel's feminist thought and the complex tension relationship between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A feature of the concept of “minorities” is the invisibility and stigmatization of communities, more so within the idea of the nation. This article analyses the representation and construction of the concepts of “Europe”, “Nation” and “Minority” in eight German, Turkish and Spanish secondary school history textbooks, particularly 16th-21st century (7th-10th grade). In times of strengthening nationalism, it is also discussed here whether the representations convey essentialist ideas and imperialistic structures hidden between the lines, or whether they reflect the concept of “minorities” as a component of a pluralistic and hybrid European society. The research is divided into two areas: A comparative quantitative research will be carried out on the representation of 'minorities' in German, Turkish and Spanish history textbooks and a qualitative hermeneutic analysis. Key findings indicate that each country predominantly imparts a history curriculum with a strong national focus, with the pronounced emphasis found in Turkish history textbooks. European-centered history is often portrayed and based on myths as emblematic of modern civilization in comparison with other civilizations or countries, especially in Spanish and German history textbooks. Similarities in the portrayal of “minorities” tend to be either nonexistent or negative, further reinforcing a sense of belonging for national identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the Europe-wide cultural impact of the fall of Constantinople to Sultan Mehmed II is well known, its political reverberations in the Holy Roman Empire have received comparatively little attention. This article argues that the events of 1453 inaugurated a new dynamic in the empire that facilitated the polity's consolidation and the creation of new collective institutions within it long before Maximilian I (1486–1519), whose reign is often presented as a constitutional turning point. Some prince-electors had been calling for more effective peace-keeping and judicial institutions for decades before 1453 but lacked the leverage to compel kings and emperors of the Romans to accept political change on their terms. The fall of Constantinople provided a focal point for these negotiations: in return for promising to support an anti-Ottoman crusade, the reformists were able to force a compromise on new peace-keeping legislation at the diets of the 1450s and 1460s. This compromise was catalyzed by public pressure. There was a widely held expectation that leading imperial protagonists should fulfill this mission to defend Christendom, manifested in orations, diplomatic missives, poetry and songs, plays, and early printed pamphlets produced within and for a range of German-speaking public spheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: German-speaking surgeons have left a deep imprint on the history of diagnostics and treatment of proximal femur fractures. Some of the studies published in German have fell into oblivion, others are cited until today, although sometimes quite inaccurately. The cause of such inaccuracies are citations from secondary sources due to unavailability of the original or inability to read it because of a language barrier. In the current literature, globally predominated by English articles, the "German history" of treatment of proximal femur fractures remains undervalued. The aim of the present article is to point out its contribution. Materials and methods: Literature search was performed in original publications and historical sources. Results: The German-speaking surgeons have considerably contributed to the development of the treatment of proximal femur fractures. The analyzed period between 1847 and 1970 may be divided into three basic periods. In the first period (1847–1896), the German-speaking surgeons (Langenbeck, Trendelenburg, König, Heine, Dolinger) were the first worldwide to start treating the fractures of proximal femur operatively. In the second period (1897–1935), mainly in the 1930s, the initiative in Europe was taken over by surgeons publishing studies in France and in Belgium. Overseas, American surgeons were coming to the forefront. In Germany, only Pauwels developed the first biomechanical classification of femoral neck fractures. In the third period (1936–1970), mainly in the 1940s and 1950s, implants were designed (Pohl, Künstcher), based on close collaboration between German engineers and surgeons, that served as a model for a dynamic hip screw and a proximal femoral nail, which are currently the implants of choice in the treatment of trochanteric fractures. Conclusion: The historical contribution of German-speaking surgeons to understanding the issue of proximal femur fractures and their operative treatment is far more significant than presented in the historical studies published in English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review discusses the book "Der Aufsteiger" by Edgar Wolfrum, which deals with the history of Germany from 1990 to the present day. The book has been positively reviewed and praises the thematic structure and the author's expertise. However, it is noted that the book is demanding and requires advanced German language skills. It is also discussed whether the book can be used in German as a Foreign Language (DaF) classes and which chapters are suitable for that purpose. It is pointed out that the book is already limited in its relevance due to its timeliness. [Extracted from the article]

The book "German History - the Last Hundred Years" by Horst Möller provides a comprehensive overview of Germany's history, from war and dictatorship to peace and democracy. It also covers events up to the year 2022 and consists of 13 chapters that cover various topics. The prologue and epilogue of the book deal with the challenges of modern society. The article discusses the role of traditional mass media compared to news on websites and social networks. It is pointed out that conspiracy theories are often spread on the internet and the quality of information decreases. It is also mentioned that political issues and strategic thinking hardly play a role in today's mass society. The author emphasizes the importance of political decision-makers and criticizes the political achievements of Gerhard Schröder and Angela Merkel. The book provides a well-founded insight into German history and is aimed at interested readers. [Extracted from the article]

The book "What does German mean here? A brief history of the German language" by Wolfgang Krischke is an updated edition of his work, which was first published in 2009. The author is a PhD linguist and freelance journalist, who also works as a lecturer in Germanic linguistics. The book covers the history of the German language as well as the linguistic processes that influence and shape modern German. It consists of six chapters that address various aspects of the German language, such as its Germanic roots, the development into a standard language, spelling, the influence of other languages, and grammatical questions. The book provides many examples and is suitable for German studies students, German learners, and anyone interested in the history and peculiarities of the German language. [Extracted from the article]

The book "Dialect and Standard Language in German Didactics" by Janle and Klausmann deals with the diversity of the German language and argues for consciously addressing the linguistic heterogeneity of students in the classroom. The authors provide theoretical foundations on dialects in Germany and their history, and shed light on problem areas and perspectives. They argue that dialects should also play a role in German language instruction, including German as a Foreign Language (DaF) instruction. The book also contains practical suggestions for teaching and proposes seven conclusions that should be drawn in German language instruction. Overall, the authors emphasize the importance of linguistic diversity and advocate for recognizing dialects as an enrichment in the classroom. [Extracted from the article]

The article reports on two books about German-Jewish history: "Germany from a Jewish Perspective" by Shulamit Volkov and "Antisemitism: A German History" by Peter Longerich. Both books discuss the history of German Jews and their connection to German history. It is emphasized that antisemitism can be found not only in right-wing circles but also in the political left and among climate activists. The books offer a differentiated view of the history of Jew-hatred and show how the perception of German Jews was influenced by epochal upheavals. Longerich's diagnosis that antisemitism is "among us and seemingly ineradicable" remains a sad reality. [Extracted from the article]

Within an archaeology of the contemporary, sites and material remains of the Second World War have in recent years been set more prominently on the agenda of European heritage archaeology. This article presents observations made during archaeological site monitoring of the conversion and remediation of a former WWII military base in Germany. In the course of the project, the sensitivity of the site and its find material against the backdrop of the German history of World War II had to be constantly assessed. Archaeological methods and practices had to be adapted to the specific requirements of the site. Conflicting agendas of various actors and stakeholders involved had to be evaluated, as well as the risks posed by the site's contamination with unexploded ordnance. Indeed, the backdirt itself, just like the find material it contained, turned out to be a contested and hazardous entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arbitrium is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the comparative analysis of free elections following regime changes in German history, specifically examining the elections during the Weimar Republic and the post-reunification elections of 1990. Topics include the role of Hitler's charismatic authority in the Weimar elections, the implications of Max Weber's democratic concepts for the post-reunification context, and the evolving dynamics of voter bases and parliamentary behavior in relation to social structures.

Nazi-instigated cases of forced displacement, flight, and deportation have received considerable historiographical attention. Much of this literature, however, has restricted itself either to an investigation of Nazi Germany's policies of ethnic cleansing, "Germanization," and the Holocaust "from above," or to individual experiences of wartime displacement "from below." This article draws on the history of communication to interrogate the dynamic interplay between the "from above" implementation of National Socialist policies and "from below" experiences, manipulations, and interpretations thereof. Focusing on informal communication—especially rumor—the article explores one of Nazi Germany's first relocation schemes: the 1939 "Option" in South Tyrol. The Option forced South Tyrol's approximately 220,000 ethnic Germans to decide either to acquire German citizenship and emigrate to the Reich or to maintain their Italian citizenship and relinquish themselves to ongoing Italianization efforts. Using archival, press, and oral history sources, the article recreates the complex communicative environment in which South Tyroleans made their choice. Characterized by an absence of verifiable information "from above," heated unofficial propaganda campaigns by states and activists, and fraught negotiations of identity and belonging "from below," the Option became a fertile ground for rumors, which both reflected and helped shape social realities, becoming a driving force of migration. As the article proposes, interrogating informal communicative practices like rumors enables a concerted exploration of migrant experience, knowledge, and agency, while revealing how migrants themselves understood and acted upon historic dynamics from the smallest to the largest of scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores Plath's conflicted attitude toward the German language, which she tried and failed to learn. For Plath, German stood in relation to English in the position that the pre-linguistic verbal activity of the infant stands in relation to the acquired language. A language both intimate and foreign, familiar and alien, forgotten and never mastered, German was the language inside the language of her poetry, binding her to German history and culture. In "Daddy," Plath's play with word-sounds brings the dynamics of language learning into contact with sado-masochistic fantasy and the history of the Holocaust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2005 most immigrants to Germany have been required to complete integration courses that include language instruction and a concluding orientation course on German history, the political system, and society. The state-approved textbooks for the orientation course are an instructive instance of state-sanctioned discourse about national belonging, immigration, and integration. This article applies a critical perspective to four such textbooks guided by the following questions: How are Germanness and national belonging portrayed? What understandings of immigration and immigrants, cultural differences, and integration do these texts present, and how do these compare to official, academic, and popular understandings? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The ideal of parliamentary debate is often construed in terms of a disimpassioned exchange of arguments. Yet in actual practice, emotions play a key role. As recent studies of French, British, and other parliaments have shown, a closer look at the uses of laughter in the plenary debates can provide a useful entry point for a better understanding of the atmospheric dimension of debates. Focusing on the early decades of the German Imperial Reichstag, this article considers the varying modes of parliamentary humour, laughter and ridicule and their significance in the context of rhetorical struggles and processes of political in- and exclusion. In comparative dialogue with research on other parliaments, it contributes to a more precise characterization of the internal dynamics of an institution still very much in flux. While contemporaries made a sharp distinction between exclusionary laughter and inclusionary mirth (Heiterkeit), a closer look at the plenary interactions shows that while parliamentary laughter performed many different functions, on the whole, it primarily constituted a mechanism of de-escalation. As such, parliamentary humour did not stand in opposition to (rational) debate, but played a key role in the management of difference and conflict that the parliament was created to facilitate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: This article asks the following question: how well are coal regions, affected by phase-out plans, represented in mediating commissions, to what extent do local communities participate in the decision-making process and how are the political negotiations perceived by the communities? We look at the case of the German lignite phase-out from a procedural justice perspective. Informed by literature on sociotechnical decline and procedural justice in energy transitions, we focus first on aspects of representation, participation and recognition within the German Commission on Growth, Structural Change and Employment ("Coal Commission"). Second, we analyze how to exnovate coal in two regions closely tied to the coal- and lignite-based energy history in Germany: Lusatia and the Rhenish Mining District. Results: Based on interview series in both regions, we connect insights from local communities with strategies for structural change and participation programs in the regions. We find significant differences between the two regions, which is primarily an effect of the challenging historical experiences in Lusatia. Participation within existing arrangements is not sufficient to solve these problems; they require a comprehensive strategy for the future of the regions. Conclusions: We conclude that the first phase-out process was a lost opportunity to initiate a community-inclusive sustainable transition process. As the phase-out process is not yet concluded, additional efforts and new strategies are needed to resolve the wicked problem of lignite phase-out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Millennium Yearbook deals with the significance of a lost Reichenau codex for the textual constitution of various chronicles. Theodor Mommsen suspected that two surviving manuscripts are copies of a lost Reichenau codex. Recent research interprets the Augsburg manuscript as a copy of the Paris manuscript. Mommsen reconstructed an image of a South German transmission history and identified the lost Reichenauiensis as a common source. An examination of the manuscripts shows close relationship and binding errors, indicating a common source. The text deals with the analysis of two manuscripts, Rp and Rv, which contain a chronicle by Jerome and Prosper as well as a list of Vandal rulers. It is noted that Rp and Rv have significant differences in the chronicle by Jerome and Prosper, with Rp being considered an edited copy, while Rv is seen as a faithful copy of a common source. The examination of the Laterculus Vandalorum shows that Rp provides an ordered chronicle, while Rv has an unstructured text block, indicating that Rp was the source of Rv. The discussion of a supposed gap in Rp is considered a phantom issue, as the missing number in the line does not actually represent a gap. The Fasti must also be considered in their specific transmission tradition, characterized by strong separation errors and the existence of various manuscript variants. The edition must therefore carefully weigh between the different witnesses and shape the textual constitution accordingly to ensure an accurate and reliable edition of the Fasti Augustani. Summary: The present study examines the relationship between two manuscripts, Paris BN Lat. 4860 and SuStb 2° 223, and concludes that both manuscripts stem from a common Reichenau source. The manuscripts show the free editing of the transmitted material in the Middle Ages. The Fasti Augustani from 378 to 498 in SuStb 2° 223 provide insights into late antique consular dating and show corrections and errors in the transmission. The edition of the information content of the Fasti Augustani allows for a more precise analysis of the consular dating and its development. The text contains a list of consuls and their terms of office from 378 to 498 AD. Abbreviations and separation errors in various manuscripts are also discussed. The manuscripts Paris BN Lat. 4860 and Augsburg, SuStb 2° 223 are compared to highlight differences in the transmission. Passages from the chronicles of Jerome and Prosper are also compared to identify variants in the texts. [Extracted from the article]