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1. Neck Reflex Points: A New Clinical Test? Prevalence in Two Cohorts and Its Covariates.

Author

Weinschenk, Stefan, Gerhardt, Axel, Wibmer, Christine, Strowitzki, Thomas, and Feisst, Manuel

Subjects
*MYALGIA, *NECK pain, *CHRONIC pain, *NECK, *REFLEXES
Abstract

Background: Neck reflex points (NRPs) are 2 × 6 potentially tender areas of the neck, denominated NRP-C0 to NRP-C7. They are different from muscular trigger points and become tender in response to chronic trigeminal irritation. NRP examination has a high inter-rater reproducibility. We investigated the prevalence of NRPs in two populations to investigate their usefulness as a clinical test for trigeminal irritation. Methods: In total, 165 patients with chronic pain and 431 students were examined for NRP tenderness using a three-level pain scale: absent pain (PI = 0), mild tenderness (PI = 1), or marked tenderness (PI = 2). Results: In patients, we found more tender NRPs than in the student group (p < 0.001), and on the left side, more tender NRPs were found in NRP-C0–C4. Left and right NRPs appeared independently (kappa 0.1–0.4), except for NRP-C7 (kappa 0.55). Females had more tender NRPs (p < 0.001). Tenderness was independent of age, BMI, and pre-existing diseases. Conclusions: NRP tenderness occurs more frequently in patients than in students, independent from potential covariates. Our results, together with previous findings, support the use of NRP examination as a clinical test for chronic silent inflammation of the trigeminal region. These data provide a base for further studies investigating correlations of NRPs with clinical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. Bevacizumab and platinum-based combinations for recurrent ovarian cancer: a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial

Author

Ackermann, Sven, Anthuber, Christoph, Aydogdu, Mustafa, Baldauf, Angelika, Bauer, Wolfgang, Behringer, Dirk, Belau, Antje, Bender, Alexandra, Brucker, Cosima, Burges, Alexander, Canzler, Ulrich, Daabach, Trygve, Denschlag, Dominik, Deryal, Mustafa, Dörfel, Steffen, Ebert, Juliane, El-Balat, Ahmed, Fehm, Tanja, Feidicker, Susanne Maria, Feisel-Schwickardi, Gabriele, Felberbaum, Ricardo, Frank, Matthias, Gebauer, Gerhard, Gerber, Bernd, Gerhardt, Axel, Grafe, Andrea, Griesshammer, Martin, Grischke, Eva-Maria, Gröll, Isolde, Gropp-Meier, Martina, Hager, Dietrich, Hanf, Volker, Hannig, Carla Verena, Hantschmann, Peer, Harter, Philipp, Hauzenberger, Tanja, Herwig, Uwe, Heubner, Martin, Hielscher, Carsten, Hilpert, Felix, Hitschold, Thomas, Hofmann, Manfred, Jackisch, Christian, Janni, Wolfgang, Kiesel, Ludwig, Ko, Yon-Dschun, Koch, Hans-Joachim, Krabisch, Petra, Krieger, Peter, Kubin, Thomas, Kühn, Thorsten, Lampe, Björn, Ledwon, Peter, Lemster, Sabine, Lex, Benno, Liebrich, Clemens, Lorenz, Ralf, Lück, Hans-Joachim, Mahner, Sven, Mallmann, Peter, Marmé, Frederik, Meier, Werner, Meinerz, Wolfgang, Menke, Götz, Möbus, Volker, Müller, Thomas, Müller, Volker, Neunhöffer, Tanja, Ober, Angelika, Oskay-Özcelik, Gülten, Ostertag, Horst, Park-Simon, Tjoung-Won, Pölcher, Martin, Rautenberg, Beate, Rein, Daniel, Reiter, Wilhelm, Rempen, Andreas, Runnebaum, Ingo, Schmalfeldt, Barbara, Schmidt, Marcus, Schnohr, Sabine, Scholz, Heinz, Schröder, Willibald, Sehouli, Jalid, Simon, Eike, Sperfeld, Antje, Steckkönig, Annette, Strauß, Hans-Georg, Stuth, Ronaldo, Terhaag, Jürgen, Thiel, Falk, Thill, Marc, Tomé, Oliver, Uleer, Christoph, Vogel, Susanne, Voß, Hermann, Weigel, Michael, Winkler, Ulrich, Wischnik, Arthur, Zeiser, Tobias, Zorr, Andreas, Glasspool, Ros, Hudson, Emma, Jones, Rachel, Lafleur, Judith, Marth, Christian, Petru, Edgar, Reinthaller, Alexander, Antill, Yoland, Azer, Mary, Baron-Hay, Sally, Beale, Philip, Begbie, Stephen, Black, Allison, Briscoe, Karen, Dean, Andrew, Goh, Jeffrey, Harvey, Sandra, Lee, Chee, Matos, Marco, Meniawy, Tarek, Olesen, Inger, Shannon, Catherine, Vasey, Paul, Abadie-Lacourtoisie, Sophie, Arsene, Olivier, Barthier, Sophie, Becuwe-Roemer, Célia, Berton-Rigaud, Dominique, Cappiello-Bataller, Maria, Catala, Stéphanie, Costan, Cristina, Del Piano, Francesco, Deplanque, Gaël, Despax, Raymond, Dohollou, Nadine, Garnier-Tixidré, Claire, Grenier, Julien, Guardiola, Emmanuel, Hardy-Bessard, Anne-Claire, Joly, Florence, Kurtz, Jean-Emmanuel, Lefeuvre-Plesse, Claudia, Leheurteur, Marianne, Lesoin, Anne, Levache, Charles-Briac, L'Haridon, Tifenn, Longo, Raffaele, Lortholary, Alain, Meunier, Jérôme, Mouret-Reynier, Marie-Ange, Petit, Thierry, Raban, Nadia, Romano, Olivier, Vannetzel, Jean-Michel, Zannetti, Alain, Pfisterer, Jacobus, Shannon, Catherine M, Baumann, Klaus, Rau, Joern, Dean, Andrew P, Hein, Alexander, Zeimet, Alain G, Hanker, Lars C, Glasspool, Rosalind, de Gregorio, Nikolaus, Meniawy, Tarek M, Goh, Jeffrey C, Baron Hay, Sally, Kommoss, Stefan, and du Bois, Andreas

Published
2020
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9. Aspekte

Author

Gerhardt, Axel, Schmied, Helwig, Gerhardt, Axel, and Schmied, Helwig

Published
1996
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16. Bevacizumab and platinum-based combinations for recurrent ovarian cancer: a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial

Author

Pfisterer, Jacobus, primary, Shannon, Catherine M, additional, Baumann, Klaus, additional, Rau, Joern, additional, Harter, Philipp, additional, Joly, Florence, additional, Sehouli, Jalid, additional, Canzler, Ulrich, additional, Schmalfeldt, Barbara, additional, Dean, Andrew P, additional, Hein, Alexander, additional, Zeimet, Alain G, additional, Hanker, Lars C, additional, Petit, Thierry, additional, Marmé, Frederik, additional, El-Balat, Ahmed, additional, Glasspool, Rosalind, additional, de Gregorio, Nikolaus, additional, Mahner, Sven, additional, Meniawy, Tarek M, additional, Park-Simon, Tjoung-Won, additional, Mouret-Reynier, Marie-Ange, additional, Costan, Cristina, additional, Meier, Werner, additional, Reinthaller, Alexander, additional, Goh, Jeffrey C, additional, L'Haridon, Tifenn, additional, Baron Hay, Sally, additional, Kommoss, Stefan, additional, du Bois, Andreas, additional, Kurtz, Jean-Emmanuel, additional, Ackermann, Sven, additional, Anthuber, Christoph, additional, Aydogdu, Mustafa, additional, Baldauf, Angelika, additional, Bauer, Wolfgang, additional, Behringer, Dirk, additional, Belau, Antje, additional, Bender, Alexandra, additional, Brucker, Cosima, additional, Burges, Alexander, additional, Daabach, Trygve, additional, Denschlag, Dominik, additional, Deryal, Mustafa, additional, Dörfel, Steffen, additional, Ebert, Juliane, additional, Fehm, Tanja, additional, Feidicker, Susanne Maria, additional, Feisel-Schwickardi, Gabriele, additional, Felberbaum, Ricardo, additional, Frank, Matthias, additional, Gebauer, Gerhard, additional, Gerber, Bernd, additional, Gerhardt, Axel, additional, Grafe, Andrea, additional, Griesshammer, Martin, additional, Grischke, Eva-Maria, additional, Gröll, Isolde, additional, Gropp-Meier, Martina, additional, Hager, Dietrich, additional, Hanf, Volker, additional, Hannig, Carla Verena, additional, Hantschmann, Peer, additional, Hauzenberger, Tanja, additional, Herwig, Uwe, additional, Heubner, Martin, additional, Hielscher, Carsten, additional, Hilpert, Felix, additional, Hitschold, Thomas, additional, Hofmann, Manfred, additional, Jackisch, Christian, additional, Janni, Wolfgang, additional, Kiesel, Ludwig, additional, Ko, Yon-Dschun, additional, Koch, Hans-Joachim, additional, Krabisch, Petra, additional, Krieger, Peter, additional, Kubin, Thomas, additional, Kühn, Thorsten, additional, Lampe, Björn, additional, Ledwon, Peter, additional, Lemster, Sabine, additional, Lex, Benno, additional, Liebrich, Clemens, additional, Lorenz, Ralf, additional, Lück, Hans-Joachim, additional, Mallmann, Peter, additional, Meinerz, Wolfgang, additional, Menke, Götz, additional, Möbus, Volker, additional, Müller, Thomas, additional, Müller, Volker, additional, Neunhöffer, Tanja, additional, Ober, Angelika, additional, Oskay-Özcelik, Gülten, additional, Ostertag, Horst, additional, Pölcher, Martin, additional, Rautenberg, Beate, additional, Rein, Daniel, additional, Reiter, Wilhelm, additional, Rempen, Andreas, additional, Runnebaum, Ingo, additional, Schmidt, Marcus, additional, Schnohr, Sabine, additional, Scholz, Heinz, additional, Schröder, Willibald, additional, Simon, Eike, additional, Sperfeld, Antje, additional, Steckkönig, Annette, additional, Strauß, Hans-Georg, additional, Stuth, Ronaldo, additional, Terhaag, Jürgen, additional, Thiel, Falk, additional, Thill, Marc, additional, Tomé, Oliver, additional, Uleer, Christoph, additional, Vogel, Susanne, additional, Voß, Hermann, additional, Weigel, Michael, additional, Winkler, Ulrich, additional, Wischnik, Arthur, additional, Zeiser, Tobias, additional, Zorr, Andreas, additional, Glasspool, Ros, additional, Hudson, Emma, additional, Jones, Rachel, additional, Lafleur, Judith, additional, Marth, Christian, additional, Petru, Edgar, additional, Antill, Yoland, additional, Azer, Mary, additional, Baron-Hay, Sally, additional, Beale, Philip, additional, Begbie, Stephen, additional, Black, Allison, additional, Briscoe, Karen, additional, Dean, Andrew, additional, Goh, Jeffrey, additional, Harvey, Sandra, additional, Lee, Chee, additional, Matos, Marco, additional, Meniawy, Tarek, additional, Olesen, Inger, additional, Shannon, Catherine, additional, Vasey, Paul, additional, Abadie-Lacourtoisie, Sophie, additional, Arsene, Olivier, additional, Barthier, Sophie, additional, Becuwe-Roemer, Célia, additional, Berton-Rigaud, Dominique, additional, Cappiello-Bataller, Maria, additional, Catala, Stéphanie, additional, Del Piano, Francesco, additional, Deplanque, Gaël, additional, Despax, Raymond, additional, Dohollou, Nadine, additional, Garnier-Tixidré, Claire, additional, Grenier, Julien, additional, Guardiola, Emmanuel, additional, Hardy-Bessard, Anne-Claire, additional, Lefeuvre-Plesse, Claudia, additional, Leheurteur, Marianne, additional, Lesoin, Anne, additional, Levache, Charles-Briac, additional, Longo, Raffaele, additional, Lortholary, Alain, additional, Meunier, Jérôme, additional, Raban, Nadia, additional, Romano, Olivier, additional, Vannetzel, Jean-Michel, additional, and Zannetti, Alain, additional

Published
2020
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17. Zum Engineering der Systemkosten im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau

Author

Gerhardt, Axel and Kurth, Johannes

Abstract

Die veränderte Arbeitsteilung zwischen dem Hersteller von Produktionsmaschinen und -anlagen und seinem Kunden, dem industriellen Betreiber, wirft ein neues Licht auf die Kostenverantwortung für das Endprodukt. Der Maschinenbauer beeinflußt die Kosten des Endprodukts und der Betreiber als Kunde die Kosten der Maschine. Die Systemkosten bedürfen also der Minimierung, um im internationalen Wettbewerb erfolgreich zu sein.

Published
2022
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19. Patient Preferences Regarding Chemotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer—A Conjoint Analysis for Common Taxanes

Author

Spaich, Saskia, Kinder, Johanna, Hetjens, Svetlana, Fuxius, Stefan, Gerhardt, Axel, and Sütterlin, Marc

Subjects
Cancer Research, Oncology, shared decision-making, conjoint analysis, metastatic breast cancer, chemotherapy, patient preference, taxane, Original Research
Abstract

Background: The purpose of this investigation was to explore patient perception regarding the importance of efficacy, toxicity, and logistics in the choice of regimen of taxane-based chemotherapy (CHT) for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Methods: This dual-center study analyzed data of 100 women diagnosed with MBC, who were asked for their preferences regarding chemotherapy by means of conjoint analysis. Included attributes were progression free survival (PFS), application form, time and frequency, need of premedication, risk of alopecia, fatigue, febrile neutropenia, and neuropathy. Furthermore, participants completed a questionnaire about their personal and medical history. Regression analyses were performed to identify factors that influence patient preference in terms of specific treatment choice. Results: Of 8 attributes, severe neutropenia was top priority for the majority of patients, followed by alopecia, neuropathy and PFS. When combining these patient preferences and the results of the questionnaire, patients' age as, well as, relationship status had significant impact on the importance of PFS. Moreover, longer travel time to the treatment center was significantly associated with preferences regarding PFS. Ranking by combination of respective part-worth values demonstrated nab-paclitaxel to be favored over paclitaxel and docetaxel. Conclusion: Side effects of CHT and PFS prove to be critical factors for patients affecting choice of treatment in MBC with severe neutropenia being top priority, followed by alopecia, neuropathy, and PFS. Age, commute time, and relationship status were identified as significant determinants of patient preference. Total utility calculation by combination of part-worth values ranked nab-paclitaxel as the most preferable taxane.

Published
2018

21. Spectroscopic method of strain analysis in semiconductor quantum-well devices.

Author

Biermann, Mark L., Duran, Steven, Peterson, Kelsey, Gerhardt, Axel, Tomm, Jens W., Bercha, Artem, and Trzeciakowski, Witold

Subjects
SPECTRUM analysis, SEMICONDUCTORS, QUANTUM wells, PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
Abstract

The modification of the electronic bandstructure in a semiconductor, quantum well due to an induced strain is well known. Recently, we have developed a generalized, spectroscopic-based technique for analyzing the strain condition within devices based on quantum wells. This approach couples experimental data describing interband transition energies within strained, quantum-well devices with a rigorous theoretical description of the quantum-well bandstructure. The theoretical formalism is described, and various important theoretical predictions necessary in the application of this method are given. The accuracy of the theoretical model used in this approach is critical to its success, and it is therefore necessary to ensure the validity of the theoretical formalism as applied to quantum wells under a variety of strain conditions. We show the good agreement between theory and experiment for a number of known strain conditions within quantum wells and quantum-well devices. This agreement indicates the validity of the theoretical formalism in the method being described, and the applicability of the method to a wide class of quantum-well based semiconductor devices. A key result in applying this method is the piecewise linearity of the change in interband transition energy with strain for the ranges of strain of interest. The method is then applied to the important case of packaging-induced strain in high-power diode lasers or “cm-bars” as they are sometimes known. Experimental results indicate that the method provides an excellent means of analyzing packaging-induced strain in cm-bars and similar devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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22. TARGIT E(lderly) – Prospective phase II study of Intraoperative Radiotherapy (IORT) in elderly patients with small breast cancer

Author

Wenz Frederik, Abo-Madyan Yasser, Welzel Grit, Gerhardt Axel, Kraus-Tiefenbacher Uta, Christian Neumaier, Sütterlin Marc, Sperk Elena, and Keller Anke

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Phases of clinical research, Cancer, medicine.disease, Surgery, Discontinuation, Radiation therapy, Breast cancer, Quality of life, medicine, Breast-conserving surgery, business, Tamoxifen, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background: Patients ≥70 years with small, low-risk breast cancer who are operated but not irradiated how local relapse rates around 4% after 4 years. With adjuvant whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT) the local relapse rate drops to 1% after 4 years under Tamoxifen. It has been demonstrated that the efficacy of radiotherapy of the tumor bed only in a selected group can be non-inferior to WBRT. Methods/Design: This prospective, multicentric single arm phase II study is based on the protocol of the international TARGIT-A study. The TARGIT-E study should confirm the efficacy of a single dose of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in a well selected group of elderly patients with small breast cancer and absence of risk factors. Patients will receive IORT (20 Gy with Intrabeam system/Carl Zeiss) during breast conserving surgery. In presence of risk factors postoperative WBRT will be added to complete the radiotherapeutic treatment according to international guidelines. Endpoints are the local relapse rate (within 2 cm of the tumor bed), ipsilateral in breast relapse, cancer-specific and overall survival and contralateral breast cancer as well as documentation of quality of life and cosmetic outcome. The expected local relapse rates are 0.5/1/1.5% after 2.5/5/7.5 years, respectively. Discontinuation of the trial is scheduled if rates of local relapse rates rise to 3/4/6% after 2.5/5/7.5 years. Power calculations result in 540 patients with a calculated dropout rate of 20% and loss to follow-up of 20%, an alpha of 0.01 and a beta 0.05. There will be a pre- and a post-pathology stratum (n=270 each). Discussion: It is a pragmatic trial in which each participating centre has the option to modify entry criteria and criteria for WBRT according to this core protocol after consultation with the steering committee and local ethics committee (e.g. size, free margins). Only centers with access to the Intrabeam system (Carl Zeiss) can recruit patients into the trial. Its aim is to confirm the efficacy and toxicity of IORT in a well selected collective of elderly patients with breast cancer. Trail registration: NCT01299987 Background

Published
2016

42. Late radiation toxicity after intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for breast cancer: results from the randomized phase III trial TARGIT A.

Author

Sperk, Elena, Welzel, Grit, Keller, Anke, Kraus-Tiefenbacher, Uta, Gerhardt, Axel, Sütterlin, Marc, and Wenz, Frederik

Abstract

The randomized phase III trial TARGIT A showed non-inferiority regarding local control after intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT 20 Gy which was followed by whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT) in patients with risk factors only) in comparison to standard WBRT (50-56 Gy) after breast-conserving surgery in selected patients. This is the first analysis of long-term toxicities in the setting of TARGIT. Between 02/2002 and 12/2008, 305 patients were treated within TARGIT A (Arm A: n = 34 IORT, n = 20 IORT + WBRT for risk factors; Arm B WBRT: n = 55) or received IORT as a planned boost (control group: n = 196) at a single center. Toxicity was assessed according to the LENT SOMA scales. No significant differences were seen between Arm A and Arm B regarding fibrosis, breast edema, retraction, ulceration, lymphedema, hyperpigmentation, and pain. Arm A had significantly less telangiectases compared to Arm B ( p = 0.049). In the subanalysis (Arm A IORT vs. Arm A IORT + WBRT vs. Arm B), fibrosis had a cumulative rate of 5.9 versus 37.5 versus 18.4 %, respectively (38.2 % IORT boost control group), at 3 years. No telangiectases were seen after IORT alone (0 % Arm A IORT vs. 17.5 % Arm A IORT + WBRT vs. 17.7 % Arm B). The hazard ratio of higher grade toxicity as first event was 0.46 (95 % CI, 0.26-0.83) for Arm A IORT as compared to Arm B ( p = 0.010). No recurrences were seen after a median follow-up of 40 months (Arm A) and 42 months (Arm B). With its very low chronic skin toxicity rates and outstanding long-term results regarding toxicity and local control, IORT with 50 kV X-rays is a safe and effective method for treatment of selected breast cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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43. Screening of high-power diode laser bars by optical scanning.

Author

Tran Quoc Tien, Gerhardt, Axel, Schwirzke-Schaaf, Sandy, Tomm, Jens W., Pommiès, M., Avella, M., Jiménez, J., Oudart, Myriam, and Nagle, Julien

Subjects
*LUMINESCENCE, *LIGHT sources, *DIODES, *QUANTUM wells, *ENERGY-band theory of solids, *POTENTIAL theory (Physics), *SEMICONDUCTOR diodes
Abstract

High-power diode laser bar arrays (808 nm) with very uniform emission properties are inspected by the laser-beam-induced current technique (LBIC). Setting the excitation energy to 50 meV below the lasing energy, we observe distinctive signatures within the LBIC scans at certain locations on the devices. After 1000 h of high-power operation, we observe degradation at exactly those positions that previously showed a characteristic LBIC signature. A cathodoluminescence analysis reveals that the quantum wells of these anomalous device sections suffer from the existence of spots with reduced luminescence efficiency. Additionally, a concomitant 2.3 meV redshift of the quantum-well cathodoluminescence spectrum is also observed. Our measurements demonstrate the efficiency of the LBIC approach as a screening tool as well as its capacity for predicting device failure well before any degradation of the emission properties is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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44. TARGIT-E(lderly)—Prospective phase II study of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in elderly patients with small breast cancer

Author

Kraus-Tiefenbacher Uta, Keller Anke, Welzel Grit, Christian Neumaier, Gerhardt Axel, Wenz Frederik, Sütterlin Marc, Sperk Elena, and Abo-Madyan Yasser

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_treatment, Breast Neoplasms, Mastectomy, Segmental, lcsh:RC254-282, Study Protocol, Breast cancer, Breast-conserving surgery, Genetics, Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Intraoperative Care, business.industry, Cancer, Radiotherapy Dosage, medicine.disease, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, Surgery, Clinical trial, Radiation therapy, Tamoxifen, Treatment Outcome, Oncology, Quality of Life, Female, Radiotherapy, Adjuvant, business, Mastectomy, Follow-Up Studies, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background Patients ≥ 70 years with small, low-risk breast cancer who are operated but not irradiated how local relapse rates around 4% after 4 years. With adjuvant whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT) the local relapse rate drops to 1% after 4 years under Tamoxifen. It has been demonstrated that the efficacy of radiotherapy of the tumor bed only in a selected group can be non-inferior to WBRT. Methods/Design This prospective, multicentric single arm phase II study is based on the protocol of the international TARGIT-A study. The TARGIT-E study should confirm the efficacy of a single dose of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in a well selected group of elderly patients with small breast cancer and absence of risk factors. Patients will receive IORT (20 Gy with Intrabeam system/Carl Zeiss) during breast conserving surgery. In presence of risk factors postoperative WBRT will be added to complete the radiotherapeutic treatment according to international guidelines. Endpoints are the local relapse rate (within 2 cm of the tumor bed), ipsilateral in breast relapse, cancer-specific and overall survival and contralateral breast cancer as well as documentation of quality of life and cosmetic outcome. The expected local relapse rates are 0.5/1/1.5% after 2.5/5/7.5 years, respectively. Discontinuation of the trial is scheduled if rates of local relapse rates rise to 3/4/6% after 2.5/5/7.5 years. Power calculations result in 540 patients with a calculated dropout rate of 20% and loss to follow-up of 20%, an alpha of 0.01 and a beta 0.05. There will be a pre- and a post-pathology stratum (n = 270 each). Discussion It is a pragmatic trial in which each participating centre has the option to modify entry criteria and criteria for WBRT according to this core protocol after consultation with the steering committee and local ethics committee (e.g. size, free margins). Only centers with access to the Intrabeam system (Carl Zeiss) can recruit patients into the trial. Its aim is to confirm the efficacy and toxicity of IORT in a well selected collective of elderly patients with breast cancer. Trail registration NCT01299987

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