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3. Numerical modeling of microplastic interaction with fine sediment under estuarine conditions

Author

Shiravani, G, Oberrecht, D, Roscher, L, Kernchen, S, Halbach, M, Gerriets, M, Scholz-Böttcher, BM, Gerdts, G, Badewien, TH, Wurpts, A, Shiravani, G, Oberrecht, D, Roscher, L, Kernchen, S, Halbach, M, Gerriets, M, Scholz-Böttcher, BM, Gerdts, G, Badewien, TH, and Wurpts, A

Abstract

Microplastic (MP) pollution is an important challenge for human life which has consequently affected the natural system of other organisms. Mismanagement and also careless handling of plastics in daily life has led to an accelerating contamination of air, water and soil compartments with MP. Under estuarine conditions, interactions with suspended particulate matter (SPM) like fine sediment in the water column play an important role on the fate of MP. Further studies to better understand the corresponding transport and accumulation mechanisms are required. This paper aims at providing a new modeling approach improving the MP settling velocity formulation based on higher suspended fine sediment concentrations, as i.e. existent in estuarine turbidity zones (ETZ). The capability of the suggested approach is examined through the modeling of released MP transport in water and their interactions with fine sediment (cohesive sediment/fluid mud). The model results suggest higher concentrations of MP in ETZ, both in the water column as well as the bed sediment, which is also supported by measurements. The key process in the modeling approach is the integration of small MP particles into estuarine fine sediment aggregates. This is realized by means of a threshold sediment concentration, above which the effective MP settling velocity increasingly approaches that of the sediment aggregates. The model results are in good agreement with measured MP mass concentrations. Moreover, the model results also show that lighter small MP particles can easier escape the ETZ towards the open sea.

Published
2023

4. List of Contributors

Author

Abbas, B., primary, Abreu, A., additional, Adams, R., additional, Adolfsson-Erici, M., additional, Afonso, A., additional, Afonso-Olivares, C., additional, Agirbas, E., additional, Aguiló, J.M., additional, Airoldi, L., additional, Aksoy, H., additional, Albentosa, M., additional, Alcaro, L., additional, Aliani, S., additional, Al-Maslamani, I., additional, Alomar, C., additional, Altin, D., additional, Álvarez, E., additional, Amaral-Zettler, L.A., additional, Amato, E., additional, Anderson, A., additional, Andrady, A.L., additional, Andrius, G., additional, Angel, D., additional, Ariese, F., additional, Arp, H.P., additional, Asensio, M., additional, Assidqi, K., additional, Avio, C.G., additional, Aytan, U., additional, Bahri, T., additional, Baini, M., additional, Bakir, A., additional, Ball, H., additional, Baranyi, C., additional, Barboza, L.G.A., additional, Barg, U., additional, Bargelloni, L., additional, Barras, H., additional, Barrera, C., additional, Barria, P., additional, Barrows, A., additional, Barth, A., additional, Batel, A., additional, Baztan, J., additional, Baztan, P., additional, Beiras, R., additional, Benedetti, M., additional, Berber, A.A., additional, Berber, N., additional, Bergmann, M., additional, Berlino, M., additional, Berrow, S., additional, Bessa, F., additional, Besseling, E., additional, Beyer, B., additional, Binaglia, M., additional, Bizjak, T., additional, Bjorndal, K.A., additional, Blust, R., additional, Boertien, M., additional, Bolten, A.B., additional, Booth, A.M., additional, Bounoua, B., additional, Bourseau, P., additional, Brahimi, N., additional, Bramini, M., additional, Brennholt, N., additional, Breuninger, E., additional, Bried, J., additional, Broderick, A., additional, Broglio, E., additional, Browne, M.A., additional, Bruzaud, S., additional, Buceta, J., additional, Buchinger, S., additional, Budimir, S., additional, Budzin-ski, H., additional, Butter, E., additional, Cachot, J., additional, Caetano, M., additional, Callaghan, A., additional, Camedda, A., additional, Capella, S., additional, Cardelli, L., additional, Carpentieri, S., additional, Carrasco, A., additional, Carriço, R., additional, Caruso, A., additional, Cassone, A.-L., additional, Castillo, A., additional, Castro, R.O., additional, Catarino, A.I., additional, Cazenave, P.W., additional, Çelik, İ., additional, Cerralbo, P., additional, César, G., additional, Chouinard, O., additional, Chubarenko, I., additional, Chubarenko, I.P., additional, Cicero, A.M., additional, Clarindo, G., additional, Clarke, B., additional, Clérandeau, C., additional, Clüsener-Godt, M., additional, Codina-García, M., additional, Cole, M., additional, Collard, F., additional, Collignon, A., additional, Collins, T., additional, Compa, M., additional, Conan, P., additional, Constant, M., additional, Cordier, M., additional, Courtene-Jones, W., additional, Cousin, X., additional, Covelo, P., additional, Cózar, A., additional, Crichton, E., additional, Crispi, O., additional, Cronin, M., additional, Croot, P.L., additional, Cruz, M.J., additional, d’Errico, G., additional, Dâmaso, C., additional, Das, K., additional, de Alencastro, L.F., additional, de Araujo, F.V., additional, de Boer, J.F., additional, de Lucia, G.A., additional, Debeljak, P., additional, Dehaut, A., additional, Deudero, S., additional, Devrieses, L., additional, Di Vito, S., additional, Díaz, A., additional, Donohue, J., additional, Doumenq, P., additional, Doyle, T.K., additional, Dris, R., additional, Druon, J.-N., additional, Duarte, C.M., additional, Duflos, G., additional, Dumontier, M., additional, Duncan, E., additional, Dussud, C., additional, Eckerlebe, A., additional, Egelkraut-Holtus, M., additional, Eidsvoll, D.P., additional, Ek, C., additional, Elena, S., additional, Elineau, A., additional, Enevoldsen, H., additional, Eppe, G., additional, Eriksen, M., additional, Ernsteins, R., additional, Espino, M., additional, Estévez-Calvar, N., additional, Ewins, C., additional, Fabre, P., additional, Faimali, M., additional, Fattorini, D., additional, Faure, F., additional, Ferrando, S., additional, Ferreira, J.C., additional, Ferreira-da-Costa, M., additional, Fileman, E., additional, Fischer, M., additional, Fortunato, A.B., additional, Fossi, M.C., additional, Foulon, V., additional, Frank, A., additional, Frenzel, M., additional, Frère, L., additional, Frias, J.P.G.L., additional, Frick, H., additional, Froneman, P.W., additional, Gabet, V.M., additional, Gabrielsen, G.W., additional, Gago, J., additional, Gajst, T., additional, Galgani, F., additional, Gallinari, M., additional, Galloway, T.S., additional, Gamarro, E.G., additional, Gambardella, C., additional, Garaventa, F., additional, Garcia, S., additional, Garrabou, J., additional, Garrido, P., additional, Gary, S.F., additional, Gasperi, J., additional, Gaze, W., additional, Geertz, T., additional, Gelado-Caballero, M.D., additional, George, M., additional, Gercken, J., additional, Gerdts, G., additional, Ghiglione, J.-F., additional, Gies, E., additional, Gilbert, B., additional, Giménez, L., additional, Glassom, D., additional, Glockzin, M., additional, Godley, B., additional, Goede, K., additional, Goksøyr, A., additional, Gómez, M., additional, Gómez-Parra, A., additional, González-Marco, D., additional, González-Solís, J., additional, Gorbi, S., additional, Gorokhova, E., additional, Gorsky, G., additional, Gosch, M., additional, Grose, J., additional, Guebitz, G.M., additional, Guedes-Alonso, R., additional, Guijarro, B., additional, Guilhermino, L., additional, Gundry, T., additional, Gutow, L., additional, Haave, M., additional, Haeckel, M., additional, Haernvall, K., additional, Hajbane, S., additional, Hamann, M., additional, Hämer, J., additional, Hamm, T., additional, Hansen, B.H., additional, Hardesty, B.D., additional, Harth, B., additional, Hartikainen, S., additional, Hassellöv, M., additional, Hatzky, S., additional, Healy, M.G., additional, Hégaret, H., additional, Henry, T.B., additional, Hermabessiere, L., additional, Hernández-Brito, J.J., additional, Hernandez-Gonzalez, A., additional, Hernandez-Milian, G., additional, Hernd, G., additional, Herrera, A., additional, Herring, C., additional, Herzke, D., additional, Heussner, S., additional, Hidalgo-Ruz, V., additional, Himber, C., additional, Holland, M., additional, Hong, N.-H., additional, Horton, A.A., additional, Horvat, P., additional, Huck, T., additional, Huhn, M., additional, Huvet, A., additional, Iglesias, M., additional, Igor, C., additional, Isachenko, I.A., additional, Ivar do Sul, J-A., additional, Jahnke, A., additional, Janis, B., additional, Janis, K., additional, Janis, U., additional, Jemec, A., additional, Jiménez, J.C., additional, Johnsen, H., additional, Jorgensen, B., additional, Jørgensen, J.H., additional, Jörundsdóttir, H., additional, Jung, Y.-J., additional, Kedzierski, M., additional, Keiter, S., additional, Kershaw, P., additional, Kerhervé, P., additional, Kesy, K., additional, Khan, F., additional, Khatmullina, L.I., additional, Kirby, J., additional, Kiriakoulakis, K., additional, Klein, R., additional, Klunderud, T., additional, Knudsen, C.M.H., additional, Knudsen, T.B., additional, Kochleus, C., additional, Koelmans, A.A., additional, Kögel, T., additional, Koistinen, A., additional, Kopke, K., additional, Korez, Š., additional, Kowalski, N., additional, Kreikemeyer, B., additional, Kroon, F., additional, Krumpen, T., additional, Krzan, A., additional, Kržan, A., additional, Labrenz, M., additional, Lacroix, C., additional, Ladirat, L., additional, Laforsch, C., additional, Lagarde, F., additional, Lahive, E., additional, Lambert, C., additional, Lapucci, C., additional, Lattin, G., additional, Law, K.L., additional, Le Roux, F., additional, Le Souef, K., additional, Le Tilly, V., additional, Lebreton, L., additional, Leemans, E., additional, Lehtiniemi, M., additional, Lenz, M., additional, Leskinen, J., additional, Leslie, H., additional, Leslie, H.A., additional, Levasseur, C., additional, Lewis, C., additional, Licandro, P., additional, Lind, K., additional, Lindeque, P., additional, Lindeque, P.K., additional, Lips, I., additional, Liria, A., additional, Liria-Loza, A., additional, Llinás, O., additional, Loiselle, S.A., additional, Long, M., additional, Lorenz, C., additional, Lorenzo, S.M., additional, Loubar, K., additional, Luna-Jorquera, G., additional, Lusher, A.L., additional, Macchia, V., additional, MacGabban, S., additional, Mackay, K., additional, MacLeod, M., additional, Maes, T., additional, Magaletti, E., additional, Maggiore, A., additional, Magnusson, K., additional, Mahon, A.M., additional, Makorič, P., additional, Mallow, O., additional, Marques, J., additional, Marsili, L., additional, Martí, E., additional, Martignac, M., additional, Martin, J., additional, Martínez, I., additional, Martínez, J., additional, Martinez-Gil, M., additional, Martins, H.R., additional, Matiddi, M., additional, Maximenko, N., additional, Mazlum, R., additional, Mcadam, R., additional, Mcknight, L., additional, McNeal, A.W., additional, Measures, J., additional, Mederos, M.S., additional, Mendoza, J., additional, Meyer, M.S., additional, Miguelez, A., additional, Milan, M., additional, Militão, T., additional, Miller, R.Z., additional, Mino-Vercellio-Verollet, M., additional, Mir, G., additional, Miranda-Urbina, D., additional, Misurale, F., additional, Montesdeoca-Esponda, S., additional, Mora, J., additional, Morgana, S., additional, Moriceau, B., additional, Morin, B., additional, Morley, A., additional, Morrison, L., additional, Murphy, F., additional, Naidoo, T., additional, Näkki, P., additional, Napper, I.E., additional, Narayanaswamy, B.E., additional, Nash, R., additional, Negri, A., additional, Nel, H.A., additional, Nerheim, M.S., additional, Nerland, I.L., additional, Neto, J., additional, Neves, V., additional, Nies, H., additional, Noel, M., additional, Nor, N.H.M., additional, Noren, F., additional, O’ Connell, B., additional, O’ Connor, I., additional, Obbard, J.P., additional, Oberbeckmann, S., additional, Obispo, R., additional, Officer, R., additional, Ogonowski, M., additional, Orbea, A., additional, Ortlieb, M., additional, Osborn, A.M., additional, Ostiategui-Francia, P., additional, Packard, T., additional, Pahl, S., additional, Palatinus, A., additional, Palmqvist, A., additional, Pannetier, P., additional, Panti, C., additional, Parmentier, E., additional, Pasanen, P., additional, Patarnello, T., additional, Pattiaratchi, C., additional, Pauletto, M., additional, Paulus, M., additional, Pavlekovsky, K., additional, Pedersen, H.B., additional, Pedrotti, M.-L., additional, Peeken, I., additional, Peeters, D., additional, Peeters, E., additional, Pellegrini, D., additional, Perales, J.A., additional, Perez, E., additional, Perz, V., additional, Petit, S., additional, Pflieger, M., additional, Pham, C.K., additional, Piazza, V., additional, Pinto, M., additional, Planells, O., additional, Plaza, M., additional, Pompini, O., additional, Potthoff, A., additional, Prades, L., additional, Primpke, S., additional, Proietti, M., additional, Proskurowski, G., additional, Puig, C., additional, Pujo-Pay, M., additional, Pullerits, K., additional, Queirós, A.M., additional, Quinn, B., additional, Raimonds, E., additional, Ramis-Pujol, J., additional, Rascher-Friesenhausen, R., additional, Reardon, E., additional, Regoli, F., additional, Reichardt, A.M., additional, Reifferscheid, G., additional, Reilly, K., additional, Reisser, J., additional, Riba, I., additional, Ribitsch, D., additional, Rinnert, E., additional, Rios, N., additional, Rist, S.E., additional, Rivadeneira, M.M., additional, Rivière, G., additional, Robbens, J., additional, Robertson, C.J.R., additional, Rocher, V., additional, Rochman, C.M., additional, Rodrigues, M., additional, Rodriguez, Y., additional, Rodríguez, A., additional, Rodríguez, G., additional, Rodríguez, J.R.B., additional, Rodríguez, S., additional, Rodríguez, Y., additional, Rogan, E., additional, Rojo-Nieto, E., additional, Romeo, T., additional, Ross, P.S., additional, Roveta, A., additional, Rowland, S.J., additional, Ruckstuhl, N.A., additional, Ruiz-Fernández, A-C., additional, Ruiz-Orejón, L.F., additional, Runge, J., additional, Russell, M., additional, Saavedra, C., additional, Saborowski, R., additional, Sahin, B.E., additional, Sailley, S., additional, Sakaguchi-Söder, K., additional, Salaverria, I., additional, Sánchez-Arcilla, A., additional, Sánchez-Nieva, J., additional, Sanderson, W., additional, Santana-Rodríguez, J.J., additional, Santana-Viera, S., additional, Santos, M.B., additional, Santos, M.R., additional, Sanz, M.R., additional, Sardá, R., additional, Savelli, H., additional, Schoeneich-Argent, R., additional, Scholz-Böttcher, B.M., additional, Sciacca, F., additional, Scofield, R.P., additional, Setälä, O., additional, Selenius, M., additional, Sempere, R., additional, Senturk, Y., additional, Shashoua, Y., additional, Sherman, P., additional, Sick, C., additional, Siegel, D., additional, Sierra, J.P., additional, Silva, F., additional, Silvestri, C., additional, Sintija, G., additional, Sire, O., additional, Slat, B., additional, Smit, A., additional, Sobral, P., additional, Sorvari, J., additional, Sosa-Ferrera, Z., additional, Sotillo, M.G., additional, Soudant, P., additional, Speidel, L., additional, Spurgeon, D.J., additional, Steer, M.K., additional, Steindal, C.C., additional, Stifanese, R., additional, Štindlová, A., additional, Stuurman, L., additional, Suaria, G., additional, Suazo, C.G., additional, Sureda, A., additional, Surette, C., additional, Svendsen, C., additional, Syberg, K., additional, Tairova, Z., additional, Talvitie, J., additional, Tassin, B., additional, Tazerout, M., additional, Tekman, M.B., additional, ter Halle, A., additional, Thiel, M., additional, Thomas, K.V., additional, Thompson, R.C., additional, Tinkara, T., additional, Tirelli, V., additional, Tomassetti, P., additional, Toorman, E., additional, Toppe, J., additional, Tornambè, A., additional, Torres, R., additional, Torres-Padrón, M.E., additional, Underwood, A.J., additional, Urbina, M., additional, Usategui-Martín, A., additional, Usta, R., additional, Valdés, L., additional, Valente, A., additional, Valentina, T., additional, van Arkel, K., additional, Van Colen, C., additional, Van Der Hal, N., additional, van Franeker, J.A., additional, Van Herwerden, L., additional, Van Loosdrecht, M., additional, van Oyen, A., additional, Vandeperre, F., additional, Vanderlinden, J-P., additional, Vani, D., additional, Vasconcelos, L., additional, Vega-Moreno, D., additional, Ventero, A., additional, Vethaak, A.D., additional, Vianello, A., additional, Vicioso, M., additional, Vieira, L.R., additional, Viršek, M.K., additional, Vos, M., additional, Wahl, M., additional, Wallace, N., additional, Walton, A., additional, Waniek, J.J., additional, Watts, A., additional, Webster, L., additional, Wesch, C., additional, Whitfield, E., additional, Wichels, A., additional, Wieczorek, A.M., additional, Wilcox, C., additional, Williams, R.J., additional, Wong-Wah-Chung, P., additional, Wright, S., additional, Wyles, K.J., additional, Young, R., additional, Yurtsever, M., additional, Yurtsever, U., additional, Zada, L., additional, Zamani, N.P., additional, and Zampetti, G., additional

Published
2017
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6. Defining the Baselines and Standards for Microplastics Analyses in European Waters (JPI-O BASEMAN)

Author

Gerdts, G., primary, Thomas, K., additional, Herzke, D., additional, Haeckel, M., additional, Scholz-Böttcher, B., additional, Laforsch, C., additional, Lagarde, F., additional, Mahon, A.M., additional, Pedrotti, M.L., additional, de Lucia, G.A., additional, Sobral, P., additional, Gago, J., additional, Lorenzo, S.M., additional, Noren, F., additional, Hassellöv, M., additional, Kögel, T., additional, Tirelli, V., additional, Caetano, M., additional, Collignon, A., additional, Lips, I., additional, Mallow, O., additional, Seatala, O., additional, Goede, K., additional, and Licandro, P., additional

Published
2017
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9. Breaking Down the Plastic Age

Author

Baztan, J., primary, Bergmann, M., additional, Booth, A., additional, Broglio, E., additional, Carrasco, A., additional, Chouinard, O., additional, Clüsener-Godt, M., additional, Cordier, M., additional, Cozar, A., additional, Devrieses, L., additional, Enevoldsen, H., additional, Ernsteins, R., additional, Ferreira-da-Costa, M., additional, Fossi, M-C., additional, Gago, J., additional, Galgani, F., additional, Garrabou, J., additional, Gerdts, G., additional, Gomez, M., additional, Gómez-Parra, A., additional, Gutow, L., additional, Herrera, A., additional, Herring, C., additional, Huck, T., additional, Huvet, A., additional, Ivar do Sul, J-A., additional, Jorgensen, B., additional, Krzan, A., additional, Lagarde, F., additional, Liria, A., additional, Lusher, A., additional, Miguelez, A., additional, Packard, T., additional, Pahl, S., additional, Paul-Pont, I., additional, Peeters, D., additional, Robbens, J., additional, Ruiz-Fernández, A-C., additional, Runge, J., additional, Sánchez-Arcilla, A., additional, Soudant, P., additional, Surette, C., additional, Thompson, R.C., additional, Valdés, L., additional, Vanderlinden, J-P., additional, and Wallace, N., additional

Published
2017
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13. Characterizing the multidimensionality of microplastics across environmental compartments

Author

Kooi, M., Primpke, Sebastian, Mintenig, S.M., Lorenz, C., Gerdts, G., Koelmans, A.A., Kooi, M., Primpke, Sebastian, Mintenig, S.M., Lorenz, C., Gerdts, G., and Koelmans, A.A.

Abstract

Understanding the multidimensionality of microplastics is essential for a realistic assessment of the risks these particles pose to the environment and human health. Here, we capture size, shape, area, polymer, volume and mass characteristics of >60 000 individual microplastic particles as continuous distributions. Particles originate from samples taken from different aquatic compartments, including surface water and sediments from the marine and freshwater environment, waste water effluents, and freshwater organisms. Data were obtained using state-of-the-art FTIR- imaging, using the same automated imaging post-processing software. We introduce a workflow with two quality criteria that assure minimum data quality loss due to volumetric and filter area subsampling. We find that probability density functions (PDFs) for particle length follow power law distributions, with median slopes ranging from 2.2 for marine surface water to 3.1 for biota samples, and that these slopes were compartment-specific. Polymer-specific PDFs for particle length demonstrated significant differences in slopes among polymers, hinting at polymer specific sources, removal or fragmentation processes. Furthermore, we provide PDFs for particle width, width to length ratio, area, specific surface area, volume and mass distributions and propose how these can represent the full diversity of toxicologically relevant dose metrics required for the assessment of microplastic risks.

Published
2021

15. Mikroplastik-Analytik: Probenahme, Probenaufbereitung und Detektionsverfahren. Statuspapier im Rahmen des Forschungsschwerpunktes 'Plastik in der Umwelt - Quellen, Senken, Lösungsansätze'

Author

Braun, U., Stein, U., Schritt, H., Altmann, K., Bannick, C., Becker, R., Ritter, H., Bochow, M., Dierkes, G., Enders, K., Eslahian, K., Fischer, D., Földi, C., Fuchs, M., Gerdts, G., Hagendorf, C., Heller, C., Ivleva, N., Jekel, M., Kerpen, J., Klaeger, F., Knoop, O., Labrenz, M., Laforsch, C., Obermaier, N., Primke, S., Reiber, J., Richter, S., Ricking, M., Scholz-Böttcher, B., Stock, F., Wagner, S., Wendt-Potthoff, K., and Zumbülte, N.

Abstract

Das Statuspapier fasst die Inhalte der Verbundprojekt-übergreifenden Diskussionen und Abstimmungen innerhalb des Querschnittsthemas (QST) „Analytik und Referenzmaterialien“ des Forschungsschwerpunkts zusammen. Die vorliegende Fassung wurde aus dem Diskussionspapier (Link Dokument Stand Oktober 2018) entwickelt. Dieser kontinuierliche Entwicklungs- oder Erarbeitungsprozess wurde durch eine Reihe von Veranstaltungen organisatorisch untermauert: • 1. Workshop (21. März 2018, Karlsruhe) • 2. Workshop (4. Juli 2018, Augsburg) • Statuskonferenz (9.-10. April 2019, Berlin) • 3. Workshop (27. November 2019, Berlin). Folgende Verbundprojekte haben sich aktiv bei den Veranstaltungen eingebracht: EmiStop, ENSURE, MicBin, MicroCatch_Balt, MikroPlaTaS, PLASTRAT, PLAWES, RAU, REPLAWA, RUSEKU, SubµTrack und TextileMission, sowie Vorläuferprojekte (MiWa, BASEMAN). Die einzelnen Textbeiträge im vorliegenden Statuspapier wurden durch ein Kommentierungsverfahren innerhalb des QST „Analytik und Referenzmaterialien“ abgestimmt. Motivation dieses Statuspapiers ist es, die im Forschungsschwerpunkt „Plastik in der Umwelt“ verwendeten physikochemischen Untersuchungsverfahren zur Analytik von Mikroplastik (MP) zusammenzuführen. Dadurch sollen möglichst validierte Methoden und vergleichbare Ergebnisse in den verschiedenen Projekten für die jeweils spezifische Fragestellung erreicht werden – insbesondere für zukünftige Projekte. Am Ende soll ein möglichst einheitlicher Methodenpool für die relevanten Fragestellungen in Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft und Verwaltung zur Verfügung stehen. Die vorliegenden Verfahrensempfehlungen beruhen auf dem aktuellen Wissensstand zur Analytik von MP und richtet sich an Akteure in der Wissenschaft als auch Anwender in der Praxis. BMBF Forschungsschwerpunkt „Plastik in der Umwelt“ November 2020 Statuspapier Mikroplastikanalytik 7 Es werden keine Verfahrensempfehlungen zu Untersuchungen von Wirkungen von MP auf Umweltmedien, Pflanzen oder Tiere gegeben (Siehe QST „Ökotoxikologie“). Es stellt nicht einzelne Ergebnisse oder Daten dar, die im Rahmen des Forschungsschwerpunktes entstanden sind.

Published
2020

16. Mikroplastik-Analytik : Probenahme, Probenaufbereitung und Detektionsverfahren. BMBF Forschungsschwerpunkt „Plastik in der Umwelt“. Statuspapier Mikroplastikanalytik. Statuspapier im Rahmen des Forschungsschwerpunktes Plastik in der Umwelt Quellen, Senken, Lösungsansätze

Author

Braun, U., Altmann, K., Bannick, C.G., Becker, R., Bitter, H., Bochow, M., Dierkes, G., Enders, K., Eslahian, K.A., Fischer, D., Földi, C., Fuchs, M., Gerdts, G., Hagendorf, C., Heller, C., Ivleva, N.P., Jekel, M., Kerpen, J., Klaeger, F., Knoop, O., Labrenz, M., Laforsch, C., Obermaier, N., Primpke, S., Reiber, J., Richter, S., Ricking, M., Scholz-Böttcher, B., Stock, F., Wagner, Stephan, Wendt-Potthoff, Katrin, Zumbülte, N., Braun, U., Altmann, K., Bannick, C.G., Becker, R., Bitter, H., Bochow, M., Dierkes, G., Enders, K., Eslahian, K.A., Fischer, D., Földi, C., Fuchs, M., Gerdts, G., Hagendorf, C., Heller, C., Ivleva, N.P., Jekel, M., Kerpen, J., Klaeger, F., Knoop, O., Labrenz, M., Laforsch, C., Obermaier, N., Primpke, S., Reiber, J., Richter, S., Ricking, M., Scholz-Böttcher, B., Stock, F., Wagner, Stephan, Wendt-Potthoff, Katrin, and Zumbülte, N.

Abstract

Das Statuspapier fasst die Inhalte der Verbundprojekt-übergreifenden Diskussionen und Abstimmungen innerhalb des Querschnittsthemas (QST) „Analytik und Referenzmaterialien“ des Forschungsschwerpunkts zusammen. Die vorliegenden Verfahrensempfehlungen beruhen auf dem aktuellen Wissensstand zur Analytik von MP und richtet sich an Akteur*innen in der Wissenschaft als auch Anwender*innen in der Praxis. Die vorliegende Fassung wurde aus dem Diskussionspapier (Link Dokument Stand Oktober 2018) entwickelt. Dieser kontinuierliche Entwicklungs- oder Erarbeitungsprozess wurde durch eine Reihe von Veranstaltungen organisatorisch untermauert: 1. Workshop (21. März 2018, Karlsruhe)2. Workshop (4. Juli 2018, Augsburg)Statuskonferenz (9.-10. April 2019, Berlin)3. Workshop (27. November 2019, Berlin)Folgende Verbundprojekte haben sich aktiv bei den Veranstaltungen eingebracht: EmiStop, ENSURE, MicBin, MicroCatch_Balt, MikroPlaTaS, PLASTRAT, PLAWES, RAU, REPLAWA, RUSEKU, SubµTrack und TextileMission, sowie Vorläuferprojekte (MiWa, BASEMAN). Die einzelnen Textbeiträge im vorliegenden Statuspapier wurden durch ein Kommentierungsverfahren innerhalb des QST „Analytik und Referenzmaterialien“ abgestimmt. Motivation dieses Statuspapiers ist es, die im Forschungsschwerpunkt „Plastik in der Umwelt“ verwendeten physikochemischen Untersuchungsverfahren zur Analytik von Mikroplastik (MP) zusammenzuführen. Dadurch sollen möglichst validierte Methoden und vergleichbare Ergebnisse in den verschiedenen Projekten für die jeweils spezifische Fragestellung erreicht werden – insbesondere für zukünftige Projekte. Am Ende soll ein möglichst einheitlicher Methodenpool für die relevanten Fragestellungen in Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft und Verwaltung zur Verfügung stehen.

Published
2020

20. Harmonized protocol for monitoring microplastics in biota

Author

Bessa, F., Frias, J., Kögel, T., Lusher, A., Andrade, J., Antunes, J., Sobral, P., Pagter, E., Nash, R., O'Connor, I., Pedrotti, M.L., Keros, M.E., León, V., Tirelli, V., Suaria, G., Lopes, C., Raimundo, J., Caetano, M., Gago, J., Gerdts, G., Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and D4.3 BASEMAN report

Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Published
2019

21. Low numbers of microplastics detected in drinking water from ground water sources

Author

Mintenig, S. M., Loeder, M. G. J., Primpke, S., Gerdts, G., and Environmental Sciences

Subjects
FTIR imaging, Ground water, Drinking water purification, Human health
Abstract

Microplastic particles have been detected in various natural habitats and the digestive tracts of several species. These particles have also been reported in commercially available seafood, salt or bottled water starting discussions on potential implications for human health. To be able to assess the related risks, exposure concentrations and pathways need to be known. Here, we analysed ground water and drinking water for the presence of microplastics (>20 μm) using FTIR imaging. Samples were taken at different positions within the drinking water supply chain. Determined concentrations ranged from 0 to 7 microplastics m−3 raw water or drinking water with an overall mean of 0.7 microplastics m−3. These particles were identified as polyethylene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinylchloride or epoxy resin and between 50 and 150 μm in size. Plastic is a resistant and durable material, still, the abrasion of plastic equipment used during water purification or transport is a likely explanation for the plastic particles detected in water samples.

Published
2019

23. Automated identification and quantification of microfibres and microplastics

Author

Primpke, S., A. Dias, P., Gerdts, G., Primpke, S., A. Dias, P., and Gerdts, G.

Abstract

The ubiquitous presence of microlitter (ML), precisely microplastics (MP) and microfibres (MF) in the global environment is of growing concern for science, and society in general. Reliable methods are urgently needed for the identification and quantification of these emerging environmental pollutants. Recently a rapid Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging pipeline was developed for automated identification and quantification of MP. However, although the usefulness for the quantification of MP could already be shown in several studies, microfibres could not be targeted so far by the developed analysis pipeline. In this study we present a novel approach for the simultaneous identification and quantification of MP and MF. By concentrating the sample on membrane filters and applying a BaF2 window on top of the filter, all objects – including MF – are fixed in the focal plane of the FTIR microscope. Furthermore, the analysis pipeline was augmented with algorithms which take into consideration the filamentous structure of MF. The novel analysis pipeline now allows to separate MP and MF via a preselection of fibres from the dataset by object size and shape. MP and MF are subsequently further investigated for specific polymer types and lengths/sizes. After parameter optimization the newly developed analysis approach was applied to archived samples from previous studies on treated waste water. The results were compared with respect to the original detected polymer types and numbers, but also considered MF detection.

Published
2019
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24. Standardised protocol for monitoring microplastics in sediments May 2018

Author

Frias, J., Pagter, E., Nash, R., O'Connor, I., Carretero, O., Filgueiras, A., Viñas, l., Gago, J., Antunes, J., Bessa, F., Sobral, P., Goruppi, A., Tirelli, V., Pedrotti, Maria Luiza, Suaria, G., Aliani, S., Lopes, C., Raimundo, J., Caetano, M., Gerdts, G., Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and D4.2 BASEMAN report

Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Published
2018

28. Sampling methodologies for microplastics in the marine environment (WP4)

Author

Frías, J., Nash, R., Carretero-Perona, O. (Olga), Viñas, L. (Lucía), Gago, J. (Jesús), Lopes, C., Raimundo, J. (Joana), Caetano, M. (Miguel), Antunes, J., Bessa, F., Sobral, P. (Paula), Muniategui-Lorenzo, S. (Soledad), Grueiro-Noche, G. (Gloria), Fernández, V., Andrade, J., Pedrotii, M.L. (Maria Luiza), Delucia, G.A., Camedda, A., Palazzo, L., Tirelli, V. (Valentina), Suaria, G. (Giuseppe), Haikonen, K., Mattson, K., Kögel, T., and Gerdts, G.

Published
2017

29. Effect of elevated CO2 on the dynamics of particle-attached and free-living bacterioplankton communities in an Arctic fjord

Author

Sperling, M., Piontek, J., Gerdts, G., Wichels, A., Schunck, H., Roy, A.-S., La Roche, J., Gilbert, J., Nissimov, J. I., Bittner, Lucie, Romac, Sarah, Riebesell, U., Engel, A., Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution des Protistes et Ecosystèmes Pélagiques (EPEP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Institute for Atmosphere and Environment, University of Frankfurt, European Community [211384], EU EraNet BiodivErsA program BioMarKs, and Helmholtz Graduate School for Polar and Marine Research (POLMAR)

Subjects
lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:QH540-549.5, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Life, lcsh:Ecology
Abstract

In the frame of the European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA), the response of an Arctic pelagic community (pCO2 was investigated. For this purpose 9 large-scale in situ mesocosms were deployed in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (78°56.2´ N, 11°53.6´ E), in 2010. The present study investigates effects on the communities of particle-attached (PA; >3 μm) and free-living (FL; < 3 μm > 0.2 μm) bacteria by Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (ARISA) in 6 of the mesocosms, ranging from 185 to 1050 μatm initial pCO2, and the surrounding fjord. ARISA was able to resolve, on average, 27 bacterial band classes per sample and allowed for a detailed investigation of the explicit richness and diversity. Both, the PA and the FL bacterioplankton community exhibited a strong temporal development, which was driven mainly by temperature and phytoplankton development. In response to the breakdown of a picophytoplankton bloom, numbers of ARISA band classes in the PA community were reduced at low and medium CO2 (~ 185–685 μatm) by about 25%, while they were more or less stable at high CO2 (~ 820–1050 μatm). We hypothesise that enhanced viral lysis and enhanced availability of organic substrates at high CO2 resulted in a more diverse PA bacterial community in the post-bloom phase. Despite lower cell numbers and extracellular enzyme activities in the post-bloom phase, bacterial protein production was enhanced in high CO2 mesocosms, suggesting a positive effect of community richness on this function and on carbon cycling by bacteria.

Published
2013

31. A communal catalogue reveals Earth's multiscale microbial diversity

Author

Thompson, LR, Sanders, JG, McDonald, D, Amir, A, Ladau, J, Locey, KJ, Prill, RJ, Tripathi, A, Gibbons, SM, Ackermann, G, Navas-Molina, JA, Janssen, S, Kopylova, E, Vazquez-Baeza, Y, Gonzalez, A, Morton, JT, Mirarab, S, Xu, ZZ, Jiang, L, Haroon, MF, Kanbar, J, Zhu, Q, Song, SJ, Kosciolek, T, Bokulich, NA, Lefler, J, Brislawn, CJ, Humphrey, G, Owens, SM, Hampton-Marcell, J, Berg-Lyons, D, McKenzie, V, Fierer, N, Fuhrman, JA, Clauset, A, Stevens, RL, Shade, A, Pollard, KS, Goodwin, KD, Jansson, JK, Gilbert, JA, Knight, R, Rivera, JLA, Al-Moosawi, L, Alverdy, J, Amato, KR, Andras, J, Angenent, LT, Antonopoulos, DA, Apprill, A, Armitage, D, Ballantine, K, Barta, J, Baum, JK, Berry, A, Bhatnagar, A, Bhatnagar, M, Biddle, JF, Bittner, L, Boldgiv, B, Bottos, E, Boyer, DM, Braun, J, Brazelton, W, Brearley, FQ, Campbell, AH, Caporaso, JG, Cardona, C, Carroll, J, Cary, SC, Casper, BB, Charles, TC, Chu, H, Claar, DC, Clark, RG, Clayton, JB, Clemente, JC, Cochran, A, Coleman, ML, Collins, G, Colwell, RR, Contreras, M, Crary, BB, Creer, S, Cristol, DA, Crump, BC, Cui, D, Daly, SE, Davalos, L, Dawson, RD, Defazio, J, Delsuc, F, Dionisi, HM, Dominguez-Bello, MG, Dowell, R, Dubinsky, EA, Dunn, PO, Ercolini, D, Espinoza, RE, Ezenwa, V, Fenner, N, Findlay, HS, Fleming, ID, Fogliano, V, Forsman, A, Freeman, C, Friedman, ES, Galindo, G, Garcia, L, Alexandra Garcia-Amado, M, Garshelis, D, Gasser, RB, Gerdts, G, Gibson, MK, Gifford, I, Gill, RT, Giray, T, Gittel, A, Golyshin, P, Gong, D, Grossart, H-P, Guyton, K, Haig, S-J, Hale, V, Hall, RS, Hallam, SJ, Handley, KM, Hasan, NA, Haydon, SR, Hickman, JE, Hidalgo, G, Hofmockel, KS, Hooker, J, Hulth, S, Hultman, J, Hyde, E, Ibanez-Alamo, JD, Jastrow, JD, Jex, AR, Johnson, LS, Johnston, ER, Joseph, S, Jurburg, SD, Jurelevicius, D, Karlsson, A, Karlsson, R, Kauppinen, S, Kellogg, CTE, Kennedy, SJ, Kerkhof, LJ, King, GM, Kling, GW, Koehler, AV, Krezalek, M, Kueneman, J, Lamendella, R, Landon, EM, Lane-deGraaf, K, LaRoche, J, Larsen, P, Laverock, B, Lax, S, Lentino, M, Levin, II, Liancourt, P, Liang, W, Linz, AM, Lipson, DA, Liu, Y, Lladser, ME, Lozada, M, Spirito, CM, MacCormack, WP, MacRae-Crerar, A, Magris, M, Martin-Platero, AM, Martin-Vivaldi, M, Margarita Martinez, L, Martinez-Bueno, M, Marzinelli, EM, Mason, OU, Mayer, GD, McDevitt-Irwin, JM, McDonald, JE, McGuire, KL, McMahon, KD, McMinds, R, Medina, M, Mendelson, JR, Metcalf, JL, Meyer, F, Michelangeli, F, Miller, K, Mills, DA, Minich, J, Mocali, S, Moitinho-Silva, L, Moore, A, Morgan-Kiss, RM, Munroe, P, Myrold, D, Neufeld, JD, Ni, Y, Nicol, GW, Nielsen, S, Nissimov, JI, Niu, K, Nolan, MJ, Noyce, K, O'Brien, SL, Okamoto, N, Orlando, L, Castellano, YO, Osuolale, O, Oswald, W, Parnell, J, Peralta-Sanchez, JM, Petraitis, P, Pfister, C, Pilon-Smits, E, Piombino, P, Pointing, SB, Pollock, FJ, Potter, C, Prithiviraj, B, Quince, C, Rani, A, Ranjan, R, Rao, S, Rees, AP, Richardson, M, Riebesell, U, Robinson, C, Rockne, KJ, Rodriguezl, SM, Rohwer, F, Roundstone, W, Safran, RJ, Sangwan, N, Sanz, V, Schrenk, M, Schrenzel, MD, Scott, NM, Seger, RL, Seguin-Orlando, A, Seldin, L, Seyler, LM, Shakhsheer, B, Sheets, GM, Shen, C, Shi, Y, Shin, H, Shogan, BD, Shutler, D, Siegel, J, Simmons, S, Sjoling, S, Smith, DP, Soler, JJ, Sperling, M, Steinberg, PD, Stephens, B, Stevens, MA, Taghavi, S, Tai, V, Tait, K, Tan, CL, Tas, N, Taylor, DL, Thomas, T, Timling, I, Turner, BL, Urich, T, Ursell, LK, van der Lelie, D, Van Treuren, W, van Zwieten, L, Vargas-Robles, D, Thurber, RV, Vitaglione, P, Walker, DA, Walters, WA, Wang, S, Wang, T, Weaver, T, Webster, NS, Wehrle, B, Weisenhorn, P, Weiss, S, Werner, JJ, West, K, Whitehead, A, Whitehead, SR, Whittingham, LA, Willerslev, E, Williams, AE, Wood, SA, Woodhams, DC, Yang, Y, Zaneveld, J, Zarraonaindia, I, Zhang, Q, Zhao, H, Thompson, LR, Sanders, JG, McDonald, D, Amir, A, Ladau, J, Locey, KJ, Prill, RJ, Tripathi, A, Gibbons, SM, Ackermann, G, Navas-Molina, JA, Janssen, S, Kopylova, E, Vazquez-Baeza, Y, Gonzalez, A, Morton, JT, Mirarab, S, Xu, ZZ, Jiang, L, Haroon, MF, Kanbar, J, Zhu, Q, Song, SJ, Kosciolek, T, Bokulich, NA, Lefler, J, Brislawn, CJ, Humphrey, G, Owens, SM, Hampton-Marcell, J, Berg-Lyons, D, McKenzie, V, Fierer, N, Fuhrman, JA, Clauset, A, Stevens, RL, Shade, A, Pollard, KS, Goodwin, KD, Jansson, JK, Gilbert, JA, Knight, R, Rivera, JLA, Al-Moosawi, L, Alverdy, J, Amato, KR, Andras, J, Angenent, LT, Antonopoulos, DA, Apprill, A, Armitage, D, Ballantine, K, Barta, J, Baum, JK, Berry, A, Bhatnagar, A, Bhatnagar, M, Biddle, JF, Bittner, L, Boldgiv, B, Bottos, E, Boyer, DM, Braun, J, Brazelton, W, Brearley, FQ, Campbell, AH, Caporaso, JG, Cardona, C, Carroll, J, Cary, SC, Casper, BB, Charles, TC, Chu, H, Claar, DC, Clark, RG, Clayton, JB, Clemente, JC, Cochran, A, Coleman, ML, Collins, G, Colwell, RR, Contreras, M, Crary, BB, Creer, S, Cristol, DA, Crump, BC, Cui, D, Daly, SE, Davalos, L, Dawson, RD, Defazio, J, Delsuc, F, Dionisi, HM, Dominguez-Bello, MG, Dowell, R, Dubinsky, EA, Dunn, PO, Ercolini, D, Espinoza, RE, Ezenwa, V, Fenner, N, Findlay, HS, Fleming, ID, Fogliano, V, Forsman, A, Freeman, C, Friedman, ES, Galindo, G, Garcia, L, Alexandra Garcia-Amado, M, Garshelis, D, Gasser, RB, Gerdts, G, Gibson, MK, Gifford, I, Gill, RT, Giray, T, Gittel, A, Golyshin, P, Gong, D, Grossart, H-P, Guyton, K, Haig, S-J, Hale, V, Hall, RS, Hallam, SJ, Handley, KM, Hasan, NA, Haydon, SR, Hickman, JE, Hidalgo, G, Hofmockel, KS, Hooker, J, Hulth, S, Hultman, J, Hyde, E, Ibanez-Alamo, JD, Jastrow, JD, Jex, AR, Johnson, LS, Johnston, ER, Joseph, S, Jurburg, SD, Jurelevicius, D, Karlsson, A, Karlsson, R, Kauppinen, S, Kellogg, CTE, Kennedy, SJ, Kerkhof, LJ, King, GM, Kling, GW, Koehler, AV, Krezalek, M, Kueneman, J, Lamendella, R, Landon, EM, Lane-deGraaf, K, LaRoche, J, Larsen, P, Laverock, B, Lax, S, Lentino, M, Levin, II, Liancourt, P, Liang, W, Linz, AM, Lipson, DA, Liu, Y, Lladser, ME, Lozada, M, Spirito, CM, MacCormack, WP, MacRae-Crerar, A, Magris, M, Martin-Platero, AM, Martin-Vivaldi, M, Margarita Martinez, L, Martinez-Bueno, M, Marzinelli, EM, Mason, OU, Mayer, GD, McDevitt-Irwin, JM, McDonald, JE, McGuire, KL, McMahon, KD, McMinds, R, Medina, M, Mendelson, JR, Metcalf, JL, Meyer, F, Michelangeli, F, Miller, K, Mills, DA, Minich, J, Mocali, S, Moitinho-Silva, L, Moore, A, Morgan-Kiss, RM, Munroe, P, Myrold, D, Neufeld, JD, Ni, Y, Nicol, GW, Nielsen, S, Nissimov, JI, Niu, K, Nolan, MJ, Noyce, K, O'Brien, SL, Okamoto, N, Orlando, L, Castellano, YO, Osuolale, O, Oswald, W, Parnell, J, Peralta-Sanchez, JM, Petraitis, P, Pfister, C, Pilon-Smits, E, Piombino, P, Pointing, SB, Pollock, FJ, Potter, C, Prithiviraj, B, Quince, C, Rani, A, Ranjan, R, Rao, S, Rees, AP, Richardson, M, Riebesell, U, Robinson, C, Rockne, KJ, Rodriguezl, SM, Rohwer, F, Roundstone, W, Safran, RJ, Sangwan, N, Sanz, V, Schrenk, M, Schrenzel, MD, Scott, NM, Seger, RL, Seguin-Orlando, A, Seldin, L, Seyler, LM, Shakhsheer, B, Sheets, GM, Shen, C, Shi, Y, Shin, H, Shogan, BD, Shutler, D, Siegel, J, Simmons, S, Sjoling, S, Smith, DP, Soler, JJ, Sperling, M, Steinberg, PD, Stephens, B, Stevens, MA, Taghavi, S, Tai, V, Tait, K, Tan, CL, Tas, N, Taylor, DL, Thomas, T, Timling, I, Turner, BL, Urich, T, Ursell, LK, van der Lelie, D, Van Treuren, W, van Zwieten, L, Vargas-Robles, D, Thurber, RV, Vitaglione, P, Walker, DA, Walters, WA, Wang, S, Wang, T, Weaver, T, Webster, NS, Wehrle, B, Weisenhorn, P, Weiss, S, Werner, JJ, West, K, Whitehead, A, Whitehead, SR, Whittingham, LA, Willerslev, E, Williams, AE, Wood, SA, Woodhams, DC, Yang, Y, Zaneveld, J, Zarraonaindia, I, Zhang, Q, and Zhao, H

Abstract

Our growing awareness of the microbial world's importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth's microbial diversity.

Published
2017

32. Recurrent patterns of microdiversity in a temperate coastal marine environment

Author

Chafee, M., Fernàndez-Guerra, A., Buttigieg, Pier, Gerdts, G., Eren, A., Teeling, H., Amann, R.I., Chafee, M., Fernàndez-Guerra, A., Buttigieg, Pier, Gerdts, G., Eren, A., Teeling, H., and Amann, R.I.

Abstract

Temperate coastal marine environments are replete with complex biotic and abiotic interactions that are amplified during spring and summer phytoplankton blooms. During these events, heterotrophic bacterioplankton respond to successional releases of dissolved organic matter as algal cells are lysed. Annual seasonal shifts in the community composition of free-living bacterioplankton follow broadly predictable patterns, but whether similar communities respond each year to bloom disturbance events remains unknown owing to a lack of data sets, employing high-frequency sampling over multiple years. We capture the fine-scale microdiversity of these events with weekly sampling using a high-resolution method to discriminate 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons that are >99% identical. Furthermore, we used 2 complete years of data to facilitate identification of recurrent sub-networks of co-varying microbes. We demonstrate that despite inter-annual variation in phytoplankton blooms and despite the dynamism of a coastal–oceanic transition zone, patterns of microdiversity are recurrent during both bloom and non-bloom conditions. Sub-networks of co-occurring microbes identified reveal that correlation structures between community members appear quite stable in a seasonally driven response to oligotrophic and eutrophic conditions.

Published
2017

33. Enzymatic Purification of Microplastics in Environmental Samples

Author

Löder, M. G. J., Imhof, H. K., Ladehoff, M., Löschel, L. A., Lorenz, C., Mintenig, S., Piehl, S., Primpke, S., Schrank, I., Laforsch, C., Gerdts, G., Löder, M. G. J., Imhof, H. K., Ladehoff, M., Löschel, L. A., Lorenz, C., Mintenig, S., Piehl, S., Primpke, S., Schrank, I., Laforsch, C., and Gerdts, G.

Abstract

Micro-Fourier transform infrared (micro-FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy enable the reliable identification and quantification of microplastics (MPs) in the lower micron range. Since concentrations of MPs in the environment are usually low, the large sample volumes required for these techniques lead to an excess of coenriched organic or inorganic materials. While inorganic materials can be separated from MPs using density separation, the organic fraction impedes the ability to conduct reliable analyses. Hence, the purification of MPs from organic materials is crucial prior to conducting an identification via spectroscopic techniques. Strong acidic or alkaline treatments bear the danger of degrading sensitive synthetic polymers. We suggest an alternative method, which uses a series of technical grade enzymes for purifying MPs in environmental samples. A basic enzymatic purification protocol (BEPP) proved to be efficient while reducing 98.3 ± 0.1 % of the sample matrix in surface water samples. After showing a high recovery rate ( 84.5 ± 3.3% ), the BEPP was successfully applied to environmental samples from the North Sea where numbers of MPs range from 0.05 to 4.42 items m -3_ Experiences with different environmental sample matrices were considered in an improved and universally applicable version of the BEPP, which is suitable for focal plane array detector (FPA)-based micro-FTIR analyses of water, wastewater, sediment, biota, and food samples.

Published
2017
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36. The ocean sampling day consortium

Author

Kopf, A, Bicak, M, Kottmann, R, Schnetzer, J, Kostadinov, I, Lehmann, K, Fernandez-Guerra, A, Jeanthon, C, Rahav, E, Ullrich, M, Wichels, A, Gerdts, G, Polymenakou, P, Kotoulas, G, Siam, R, Abdallah, RZ, Sonnenschein, EC, Cariou, T, O'Gara, F, Jackson, S, Orlic, S, Steinke, M, Busch, J, Duarte, B, Caçador, I, Canning-Clode, J, Bobrova, O, Marteinsson, V, Reynisson, E, Loureiro, CM, Luna, GM, Quero, GM, Löscher, CR, Kremp, A, DeLorenzo, ME, Øvreås, L, Tolman, J, LaRoche, J, Penna, A, Frischer, M, Davis, T, Katherine, B, Meyer, CP, Ramos, S, Magalhães, C, Jude-Lemeilleur, F, Aguirre-Macedo, ML, Wang, S, Poulton, N, Jones, S, Collin, R, Fuhrman, JA, Conan, P, Alonso, C, Stambler, N, Goodwin, K, Yakimov, MM, Baltar, F, Bodrossy, L, Van De Kamp, J, Frampton, DMF, Ostrowski, M, Van Ruth, P, Malthouse, P, Claus, S, Deneudt, K, Mortelmans, J, Pitois, S, Wallom, D, Salter, I, Costa, R, Schroeder, DC, Kandil, MM, Amaral, V, Biancalana, F, Santana, R, Pedrotti, ML, Yoshida, T, Ogata, H, Ingleton, T, Munnik, K, Rodriguez-Ezpeleta, N, Berteaux-Lecellier, V, Wecker, P, Cancio, I, Vaulot, D, Bienhold, C, Ghazal, H, Chaouni, B, Essayeh, S, Ettamimi, S, Zaid, EH, Boukhatem, N, Bouali, A, Chahboune, R, Barrijal, S, Timinouni, M, El Otmani, F, Bennani, M, and Mea, M

Subjects
Microorganism, Standards, Bacteria, Marine, Oceans and Seas, Marine Biology, Biodiversity, Genomics, Health Index, OSD, Micro B3, Database Management Systems, Ocean sampling day, Metagenomics, Life Below Water
Abstract

© 2015 Kopf et al. Ocean Sampling Day was initiated by the EU-funded Micro B3 (Marine Microbial Biodiversity, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology) project to obtain a snapshot of the marine microbial biodiversity and function of the world's oceans. It is a simultaneous global mega-sequencing campaign aiming to generate the largest standardized microbial data set in a single day. This will be achievable only through the coordinated efforts of an Ocean Sampling Day Consortium, supportive partnerships and networks between sites. This commentary outlines the establishment, function and aims of the Consortium and describes our vision for a sustainable study of marine microbial communities and their embedded functional traits.

Published
2015

37. The ocean sampling day consortium

Author

Kopf, A., Bicak, M., Kottmann, R., Schnetzer, J., Kostadinov, I., Lehmann, K., Fernàndez-Guerra, A., Jeanthon, C., Rahav, E., Ullrich, M., Wichels, A., Gerdts, G., Polymenakou, P., Kotoulas, G., Siam, R., Abdallah, R.Z., Sonnenschein, E., Cariou, T., O'Gara, F., Jackson, S., Orlic, S., Steinke, M., Busch, J., Duarte, B., Caçador, I., Canning-Clode, J., Marteinsson, V., Reynisson, E., Loureiro, C.M., Luna, G.M., Quero, G.M., Löscher, C.R., Kremp, A., DeLorenzo, M.E., Øvreås, L., Tolman, J., LaRoche, J., Penna, A., Frischer, M., Davis, T., Barker, K., Meyer, C.P., Ramos, S., Magalhães, C., Jude-Lemeilleur, F., Aguirre-Macedo, M.L., Wang, S., Poulton, N., Jones, S., Collin, R., Fuhrman, J.A., Conan, P., Alonso, C., Stambler, N., Goodwin, K., Yakimov, M.M., Baltar, F., Bodrossy, L., Van de Kamp, J., Frampton, D.M.F., Ostrowski, M., Van Ruth, P., Malthouse, P., Claus, S., Deneudt, K., Mortelmans, J., Pitois, S., Wallom, D., Salter, I., Costa, R., Schroeder, D.C., Kandil, M.M., Amaral, V., Biancalana, F., Santana, R., Pedrotti, M.L., Yoshida, T., Ogata, H., Ingleton, T., Munnik, K., Rodriguez-Ezpeleta, N., Berteaux-Lecellier, V., Wecker, P., Cancio, I., Vaulot, D., Bienhold, C., Ghazal, H., Chaouni, B., Essayer, S., Ettamimi, S., Zaid, E.H., Boukhatem, N., Bouali, A., Chahboune, R., Barrijal, S., Timinouni, M., El Otmani, F., Bennani, M., Mea, M., Todorova, N., Karamfilov, V., ten Hoopen, P., Cochrane, G., L'Haridon, S., Bizsel, K.C., Vezzi, A., Lauro, F.M., Martin, P., Jensen, R.M., Hinks, J., Gebbels, S., Rosselli, R., De Pascale, F., Schiavon, R., dos Santos, A., Villar, E., Pesant, S., Cataletto, B., Malfatti, F., Edirisinghe, R., Herrera Silveira, J.A., Barbier, M., Turk, V., Tinta, T., Fuller, W.J., Salihoglu, I., Serakinci, N., Ergoren, M.C., Bresnan, E., Iriberri, J., Nyhus, P.A.F., Bente, E., Karlsen, H.E., Golyshin, P.N., Gasol, J.M., Moncheva, S., Dzhembekova, N., Johnson, Z., Sinigalliano, C.D., Gidley, M.L., Zingone, A., Danovaro, R., Tsiamis, G., Clark, M.S., Costa, A.C., El Bour, M., Martins, A.M., Collins, R.E., Ducluzeau, A.-L., Martinez, J., Costello, M.J., Amaral-Zettler, L.A., Gilbert, J.A., Davies, N., Field, D., and Glóckner, F.O.

Subjects
Standards, Bacteria, Marine, Biodiversity
Abstract

Ocean Sampling Day was initiated by the EU-funded Micro B3 (Marine Microbial Biodiversity, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology) project to obtain a snapshot of the marine microbial biodiversity and function of the world’s oceans. It is a simultaneous global mega-sequencing campaign aiming to generate the largest standardized microbial data set in a single day. This will be achievable only through the coordinated efforts of an Ocean Sampling Day Consortium, supportive partnerships and networks between sites. This commentary outlines the establishment, function and aims of the Consortium and describes our vision for a sustainable study of marine microbial communities and their embedded functional traits.

Published
2015

38. Plastic ingestion by pelagic and demersal fish from the North Sea and Baltic Sea

Author

Rummel, Christoph, Löder, M.G.J., Fricke, N.F., Lang, T., Griebeler, E.-M., Janke, M., Gerdts, G., Rummel, Christoph, Löder, M.G.J., Fricke, N.F., Lang, T., Griebeler, E.-M., Janke, M., and Gerdts, G.

Abstract

Plastic ingestion by marine biota has been reported for a variety of different taxa. In this study, we investigated 290 gastrointestinal tracts of demersal (cod, dab and flounder) and pelagic fish species (herring and mackerel) from the North and Baltic Sea for the occurrence of plastic ingestion. In 5.5% of all investigated fishes, plastic particles were detected, with 74% of all particles being in the microplastic (< 5 mm) size range. The polymer types of all found particles were analysed by means of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Almost 40% of the particles consisted of polyethylene (PE). In 3.4% of the demersal and 10.7% of the pelagic individuals, plastic ingestion was recorded, showing a significantly higher ingestion frequency in the pelagic feeders. The condition factor K was calculated to test differences in the fitness status between individuals with and without ingested plastic, but no direct effect was detected.

Published
2015

39. Effect of elevated CO2 on the dynamics of particle attached and free living bacterioplankton communities in an Arctic fjord

Author

Sperling, Martin, Piontek, Judith, Gerdts, G., Wichels, A., Schunck, Harald, Roy, Alexandra-Sophie, LaRoche, Julie, Gilbert, J., Bittner, L., Romac, S., Riebesell, Ulf, and Engel, Anja

Subjects
fungi
Abstract

The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) results in acidification of the oceans, expected to lead to the fastest drop in ocean pH in the last 300 million years, if anthropogenic emissions are continued at present rate. Due to higher solubility of gases in cold waters and increased exposure to the atmosphere by decreasing ice cover, the Arctic Ocean will be among the areas most strongly affected by ocean acidification. Yet, the response of the plankton community of high latitudes to ocean acidification has not been studied so far. This work is part of the Arctic campaign of the European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA) in 2010, employing 9 in situ mesocosms of about 45 000 l each to simulate ocean acidification in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (78°56.2' N 11°53.6' E). In the present study, we investigated effects of elevated CO2 on the composition and richness of particle attached (PA; >3 μm) and free living (FL; 0.2 μm) bacterial communities by Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (ARISA) in 6 of the mesocosms and the surrounding fjord, ranging from 185 to 1050 initial μatm pCO2. ARISA was able to resolve about 20–30 bacterial band-classes per sample and allowed for a detailed investigation of the explicit richness. Both, the PA and the FL bacterioplankton community exhibited a strong temporal development, which was driven mainly by temperature and phytoplankton development. In response to the breakdown of a picophytoplankton bloom (phase 3 of the experiment), number of ARISA-band classes in the PA-community were reduced at low and medium CO2 (∼180–600 μatm) by about 25%, while it was more or less stable at high CO2 (∼ 650–800 μatm). We hypothesise that enhanced viral lysis and enhanced availability of organic substrates at high CO2 resulted in a more diverse PA-bacterial community in the post-bloom phase. Despite lower cell numbers and extracellular enzyme activities in the post-bloom phase, bacterial protein production was enhanced in high CO2-treatments, suggesting a positive effect of community richness on this function and on carbon cycling by bacteria.

Published
2013

46. Species-Specific Bacterial Communities in the Phycosphere of Microalgae?

Author

Sapp, M., Schwaderer, A. S., Wiltshire, K. H., Hoppe, Hans-Georg, Wichels, A., Gerdts, G., Sapp, M., Schwaderer, A. S., Wiltshire, K. H., Hoppe, Hans-Georg, Wichels, A., and Gerdts, G.

Abstract

Specific associations of bacteria with phytoplankton have recently been reported in the literature. In our study, we analyzed bacterial communities of microalgal cultures related to algal growth phases. Seven freshly isolated key diatom and dinoflagellate species from Helgoland Roads, North Sea, were investigated. The community composition of associated bacteria as well as the cell numbers, the photosynthetic efficiency of the algae, and the depletion of inorganic nutrients in the medium were recorded over a period of 8 weeks in batch cultures. Diversity and succession of bacterial communities was analyzed by ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of bacterial populations was performed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA genes followed by DNA sequence analysis. Members of Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria and the Flavobacteria–Sphingobacteria group within the Bacteroidetes phylum predominated in the cultures. Differences in free-living and attached bacterial populations were observed between the phylogenetic groups. Shifts in the bacterial communities could not be correlated to changes of nutrient levels or algal growth phases. Regarding our results, it should not be generalized that the compositions of the bacterial communities are strictly species specific for microalgae. The importance of factors like the composition of exudates is apparent.

Published
2007
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