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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between blood serum biochemical composition and hormonal status of Hereford bulls and beef quality indicators. The object of the study was Hereford bulls (n=9) aged 20-21 months. AST activity was positively correlated with the amount of fat (r=0.70; P

An analysis of previous years shows that there is a gradual increase in the rate of breeding and pedigree work, its intensification, which is caused primarily by the implementation of new methods of biotechnology and population genetics. In this regard, the improvement and development of new criteria for cow evaluation taking into account created highly productive lines, types, and populations are relevant for science and practice. There was carried out scientific and economic research in order to characterize the main indicators of the breeding value of cows that belong to the created hornless Ural-type Hereford breed of domestic breeding. The influence of these indicators on the formation of the productivity of bull-calf progenies fell under the characterization as well. There were formed five groups of full-aged cows (5-8 years) different in productive qualities to determine the influence of the productive value of mother cows on the pedigree and productive qualities of progenies. Cows of all groups were inseminated by the deep-frozen seed of Hereford bull of the “elite-record” class produced by Golub 4168. Five groups of experimental bull-calves were formed by the method of groups-analogs from the resulting progeny. The analysis of weight and linear growth of the progeny bull-calves showed that all the animals normally developed being characterized with the general patterns of ontogenesis. At the same time, bull-calf progenies of cows different in productive value were inherent in some features - the average live weight of bulls of group III was larger than those of its peers from groups I, II, IV, and V by 27.4 kg (6.3 %, P>0.95), 64.1 kg (16.1 %, P>0.999), 28.9 kg (6.6 %, P>0.95), and 47.4 kg (11.4 %, P>0.999), respectively.

This paper extends the recently reported one-dimensional model for sound propagation in glow discharge plasma to arbitrary mutual orientation of the plasma electric field and acoustic wave vectors. The results demonstrate that an acoustic wave in plasma may amplify, attenuate, or remain unchanged depending on the angle between these vectors and on the power input into the discharge. Quantitative evaluations indicate that for glow discharge plasma of a self-sustained discharge in air at the electric current densities of the order of 100 mA cm-2, a gain of as much as 1 m-1 at 0° angle between the vectors changes to similar strength attenuation for the 90° angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The allelic and genetic polymorphisms of genes of calpain 1 (CAPN1), calpastatin (CAST), growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5), thyroglobulin 5 (TG5) and growth hormone (GH) was examined in Russian population of Hereford cattle. The studies were carried out on purebred Hereford animals (sires, cows, bull-calves, heifers) from Chelyabinsk Region and Stavropol Territory, Russia. Maximum frequency of the genotype GG was observed at the locus of CAPN1 gene, amounting to 0.632. The study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CAST gene showed a high prevalence of animals with CC genotype - 0.700. The genetic variability in GDF5 gene locus indicates the predominance of animals with AA genotype in studied population. The allelic polymorphism in thyroglobulin gene (TG5) is characterized by a high concentration of the CC (0.741) homozygous genotypes. The homozygotes concentration in growth hormone gene (GH) is in the range of 0.202-0.494, with the maximum value in LL variant and minimal in VV genotype. The maximum heterozygosity, which varied between 0.289-0.303, was observed for CAPN1 and GH genes across genetic markers studied in Hereford population. Minimum effective number of alleles (1.120) was established in GDF5 gene. A relatively high effective number of alleles was fixed in GH gene (1.843). The lowest genetic diversity was observed in Russian population. These results can be used to improve the breeding and selection work with Hereford cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have established the relationship of SNPs in the leptin gene with fat and energy exchange, nutritional behavior in cattle. In turn, the intensity of metabolic processes in body is determined by the development of internal organs. The purpose of research was to study the relationship between the complex of polymorphisms C73T and C528T in leptin gene for the formation of internal organs in Aberdeen-Angus cows and heifers. Cows (n = 30) and heifers (n = 49) were genotyped and identified respectively 7 and 8 various combinations of genotypes of C73T (GenBank AF120500) and C528T (GenBank AB070368). There were no homozygous CC/CC and TT/TT combinations in cows, and no TT/TT combination in heifers. Cows were slaughtered at the age of 3 years, and heifers - at 20 months. Cows with haplotype CT/CC had the highest liver, heart, lung, kidney and spleen weight with superiority relative to peers of 6.5-16.0% (P > 0.05). The minimum development of stomachs was established at cows with a combination of genotypes of CC/TT which conceded to analogs for 7.6-13.8% (P > 0.05). Haplotypes CT/CT and TT/CT in heifers were associated with greater internal organ massiveness. Carriers of complex CT/CT genotype outperformed peers in terms of liver, heart, lung, kidney and spleen weight by 1.75-6.59% (P < 0.05, P > 0.05), and individuals with a combination of TT/CT by 3.50-8.84% (P < 0.05, P > 0.05). Less developed stomachs were established in bodies with haplotype TT/CC, which were inferior to other genotypes by 1.20-7.49% (P < 0.05, P > 0.05). This indirectly indicates a relatively weak ability to use coarse plant foods. Thus, the complex genotype inleptin gene is associated with the variability in the development of internal organs, which determines the intensity of metabolic processes. This research was performed with financial support from the project of RAS0526-2021-0001. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lifetime assessment and selection of animals based on meat quality indicators is difficult. For this purpose, the analysis of the correlation between the main features of the breeding value of Kazakh white-headed bulls and quantitative and qualitative indicators of meat productivity was carried out. Bulls (n = 12) was slaughtered at the age of 15 months. The results show that the live weight with an average strength correlates with carcass weight (r=0.61; P < 0.05), with rib eye area (r=0.46), and the weight of visceralfat (r=0.51). It should also be noted the positive relationship of weight growth with the dry matter content in minced meat (r=0.46), which is realized due to fat deposition in the carcass (r=0.52). The lifetime assessment of the body conformation score is on average positively correlated with the content of dry matter (r=0.54) and protein (r=0.55) in m. longissimus dorsi. There is a positive correlation of the height in the sacrum with carcass weight (r=0.44), with the content of dry matter and protein in m. longissimus dorsi (r=0.46), with the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (r=0.43), as well as a negative relationship (r=-0.43) of the height in the sacrum with the content of non-essential amino acids in meat. The content of monounsaturated fatty acids is significantly (P < 0.05) determined by the growth weight (r=0.67) and carcass weight (r=0.67). A strong negative relationship (r=-0.61...-0.71) was found between the slaughter indicators and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, the high growth rate negatively affects the quality of beef lipids. There is an inversely proportional relationship between the weight of visceral fat and intramuscular fat (r=-0.79; P < 0.01), which indicates a divergent lipogenesis in the body. The rib eye area weakly correlates with the biological value of beef. This research was performed with financial support from the project of RAS 0526-2021-0001. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The LEP is a highly polymorphicgene and it is associated with genetic differences in various productivetraits in cattle. The aim of research was to study the combined effect of C73T and C528T polymorphisms in leptin gene on meat productivity and carcass grade in Aberdeen-Angus cows and heifers. Heifers (n = 49) were slaughtered at the age of 20 months and cows (n = 30) after the first calving (3 years). There were seven haplotypes C73T (GenBank AF120500) × C528T (GenBank AB070368) identified in cows with different frequency. The maximum frequency was established in combined genotypes CT/CT (0.37), TT/CC (0.27) and CT/CC (0.13). The most massive carcasses (337.5 kg) were obtained from cows-carriers of the CT/CC haplotype, which exceeded their peers by 14.8-24.7 kg (4.59-7.90%; P >0.05). However, cows carrying the CT/CC genotype had a minimum carcass yield of 49.8%. There were eight haplotypes identified in heifers. The highest frequency was in combinations CT/CT (0.26), TT/CC (0.20), CC/TT (0.20), CC/CT (0.12), TT/CT (0.10). Heifers carrying the TT/CT genotype were characterized by the highest live weight (568.9 kg) and carcass weight (331.2 kg), exceeding the indicators of peers by 8.9-43.5 kg (1.59-8.28%; P < 0.05, P > 0.05) and 10.9-22.2 kg (3.40-7.18%; P < 0.05, P > 0.05), respectively. The maximum carcass yield was recorded in carriers of the CT/CC haplotype (60.7%). The best carcasses grade were observedin heifers with a combination of CC/TT and CT/CT genotypes. The highest categories (Prime and TopChoice) were assigned to 70.0 and 69.2% of carcasses, respectively. The superiority of haplotype CT/CT in the quality of meat raw materials was confirmed in cows. Thus, the combination of C73T and C528T polymorphisms in the leptin gene is associated with intra-breed variability in live weight, carcass weight and yield, and carcass grade in Aberdeen-Angus cattle. This research was performed with financial support from the project 0526-2021-0001 of RAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]