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Taxonomic studies on desmids from the Caatinga domain, northeastern Brazil, revealed eight interesting taxa of Cosmarium: C. boeckii var. areolatum, C. clepsydra var. incrassatum, C. heptangulare, C. kanetsunae, C. pygmaeum, C. trinodulum, C. trinodulum var. brasiliense, and C. trinodulum var. pilgeri. Taxonomic notes and information on habitat are provided.

We report here seven interesting taxa of Euastrum from the periphytic material of three macrophyte species (Cabomba haynesii, Eichhornia azurea, and Utricularia foliosa) occurring in the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia State, Brazil. Of those Euastrum taxa, E. westenii is new to science; E. bidentatum var. scottii, E. elegans var. prescottii, and E. informe var. oculatum were raised to the varietal level; E. ansatum var. concavum, E. ciastonii, and E. sibiricum had their geographic distributions enlarged to northeastern Brazil. Taxonomic notes and ecological information are provided for all taxa.

RESUMO (Notas taxonômicas sobre o gênero Nitella C. Agardh (Characeae) da Região Metropolitana de Feira de Santana, Estado da Bahia, Brasil). A partir de um estudo florístico da Família Characeae na Região Metropolitana de Feira de Santana, Estado da Bahia, detectamos quatro espécies de Nitella, das quais duas são adições para o Estado: N. axillaris e N. praelonga, esta última, de ocorrência rara no Brasil, relatada pela primeira vez para o Nordeste brasileiro. Os materiais foram analisados através de microscopia fotônica e eletrônica de varredura. Para todas essas espécies fornecemos descrições, informações sobre hábitat, distribuição geográfica no Brasil e notas taxonômicas ABSTRACT From a floristic study of the Family Characeae in the Metropolitan Region of Feira de Santana, Bahia State, we detected four species of Nitella, of which two are new additions for that state: N. axillaris, and N. praelonga, the latter being, of rare occurrence in Brazil, reported for the first time for the northeastern Brazil. The materials were analyzed using photonic and scanning electron microscopy. For all these species we provide descriptions, information on habitat, geographic distribution in Brazil and taxonomic notes.

Here we provide an updated distribution and taxonomic notes on Cosmarium redimitum, an endemic species from South America. In addition, a new variety is proposed and the zygospore of that species is described for the first time, based on material from Bahia, northeastern Brazil.

The rare desmid species Sphaerozosma luetzelburgianum Krieger and Phymatodocis simplex Förster, endemic to Brazil, are transferred to the genus Spondylosium. Distribution data as well as taxonomic notes on the two species are provided.

Studies on algae and cyanobacteria in phytotelmata have been known since the beginning of the last century, however only since the last 20 years have become more frequent, although in a smaller number than desirable considering the importance of this habitat type. Here, we provide a global overview based on all studies where algae and cyanobacteria have been reported in phytotelmata. In general, we catalog all species of algae and cyanobacteria occurring in this habitat type, as well as providing information on global distribution, ecological aspects involving the main factors that influence the development of algae in plants, algae adaptive strategies, colonization and dispersal, major groups of algae and in which plants these microorganisms occur, as well as conservation data. This is the first comprehensive review devoted exclusively to the study of algae and cyanobacteria in phytotelmata, which is mainly motivated by the advances from studies in recent years. Despite this, further research is still necessary since most of the information on these organisms is concentrated to a single region and to a single plant family.

Resumo O levantamento florístico do gênero Chara (Charophyceae, Characeae) nas Regiões Metropolitanas de Salvador e de Feira de Santana, foi realizado em 30 estações de coleta abrangendo seis municípios da RMS e seis da RMFS. Caracteres vegetativos e reprodutivos empregados na taxonomia do grupo foram analisados através de microscopia ótica e através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura dos oósporos. Foram identificadas seis espécies: C. diaphana, C. hydropitys, C. kenoyeri, C. martiana, C. rusbyana e C. zeylanica. Com exceção de C. hydropitys, reencontrada 186 anos após a primeira coleta na Bahia, os demais táxons são adições à ficoflora do estado. O emprego de microscopia eletrônica subsidiou a interpretação da ultraestrutura da parede do oósporo das espécies de Chara e a diferenciação de táxons morfologicamente semelhantes. A ultraestrutura da parede do oósporo de C. martiana é descrita pela primeira vez. Abstract The floristic survey of the genus Chara (Charophyceae, Characeae) in the Metropolitan Regions of Salvador and Feira de Santana, was carried out in 30 sampling station comprise six counties of RMS and six of RMFS. Vegetative and reproductive characters used in the taxonomy of the group were analyzed by optical microscopy and by scanning electron microscopy of oospores. Six species were identified: C. diaphana, C. hydropitys, C. kenoyeri, C. martiana, C. rusbyana, and C. zeylanica. Except C. hydropitys, rediscovered 186 years after the first citation for Bahia, all other taxa are additions to the phycoflora of Bahia state. The use of electron microscopy subsidized the interpretation of the ultrastructure of the oospore wall of the Chara species, and the differentiation of morphologically similar taxa. The ultrastructure of the wall of the oospore of C. martiana is described for the first time.

We report 7 new records of Euglenophyceae for Bahia state and 1 for Brazil. The material was collected from bromeliad phytotelmata in 4 areas of Bahia state (Serra da Jiboia, Parque das Dunas, Fazenda Itaberaba, and Reserva Sapiranga) during 14 months from 2014 to 2016. For each species, we provide the description, geographical distribution in Brazil, microhabitat conditions, and frequency of occurrence. The richness was greatest in bromeliads in the Serra da Jiboia (5 species), followed by the Parque das Dunas (3 species), Reserva Sapiranga (2 species), and Fazenda Itaberaba (1 species).&nbsp

The first record of the genus Rhopalosolen Fott (Chlorophyta) for Brazil is presented here. Taxonomic studies on phytotelmalgae are, in general, scarce, but especially are so in semi-arid regions such as the Caatinga. Here, we sampled60 bromeliads in the Itaberaba’s municipality, Bahia state, and we identified Rhopalosolen cylindricus, a green algaespecies not previously recorded for Brazil. Additionally, our data provide an expansion on the known distribution ofthe species and their morphological and reproductive aspects as well as microhabitat conditions and frequency ofoccurrence.

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A floristic survey for green algae (Chlorophyta) from bromeliad phytotelmata of areas of rocky outcrop (Serra da Jibóia) and "restinga" (Parque das Dunas), Bahia state, Brazil is presented here. A total of twenty-three taxa were identified, including three species (Asterococcus superbus, Gongrosira papuasica and Lagerhemia chodatti) that are newly reported for Brazil and two Oedogonium species (Oedogonium pulchrum and O. areschougii) that were recollected in Brazilian territory after 115 years. Resumo O presente estudo refere-se ao levantamento das espécies de algas verdes (Chlorophyta) ocorrentes em ambientes fitotelmatas bromelícolas de áreas de afloramentos rochosos (Serra da Jibóia) e restinga (Parque das Dunas), Bahia, Brasil. Foram identificados 23 táxons incluindo três espécies (Asterococcus superbus, Gongrosira papuasica e Lagerhemia chodatti) que estão sendo registradas pela primeira vez para o Brasil e duas espécies de Oedogonium (Oedogonium pulchrum and O. areschougii) que foram novamente coletadas para o Brasil após 115 anos.

Cosmarium bromelicola sp. nov. is a new desmid species described from samplings carried out in bromeliad tanks (phytotelmata) from an area of rocky outcrops at Serra da Jiboia, Bahia State, Northeast Brazil. Presence of subtrapeziform cells with a deep depression at the apical region and twisted X-shaped cell in side view are the diagnostic features for the species. Relationships with the morphologically closest taxa are discussed. Resumo Cosmarium bromelicola sp. nov. é uma nova espécie de desmídia descrita a partir de amostragens realizadas em tanques de bromélias (fitotelmata) de uma área de afloramentos rochosos na Serra da Jiboia, Bahia, nordeste do Brasil. A presença de células trapeziformes com uma depressão profunda na região apical e célula em forma de X em vista lateral são as características diagnósticas da espécie. Relações com os táxons morfologicamente próximos são discutidas.

The present study presents 11 new additions of coccoid green algae to the phycoflora of Brazil, including the first record of the genus Westellopsis for the neotropical region. Samples of periphyton and plankton were collected in two areas of the Marimbus Wetlands (the Marimbus do Baiano and Marimbus do Remanso, within the Marimbus-Iraquara Environmentally Protected Area), in the Chapada Diamantina Region of the state of Bahia, Brazil. Sample collection occurred during dry periods (April-June and August 2011) and rainy periods (October-December 2011 and February 2012). Here, we describe the taxa identified from the 56 samples collected.

We report here taxonomic novelties and interesting records of desmids, including new taxa, rare species and new occurrences, collected at three areas (Piatã, Rio de Contas and Palmeiras) in the Chapada Diamantina region, northeastern Brazil. We identified 16 desmids, including six taxa new to science (Cosmarium diamantinum, Euastrum bicudoi, E. piataense, Micrasterias jenneri var. semicirculare, M. torreyi var. pseudocurvata, and Tetmemorus furcatus), as well as new records for Brazil (Euastrum subcyclopicum var. elongatum and Euastrum octogibbosum). Taxonomic notes and ecological information are provided.

Oocystis apicurvata sp. nov. (Oocystaceae, Trebouxiophyceae) is a new species of green algae from Chapada Diamantina, northeast Brazil. In this article, we describe a new species of coccoid green algae, Oocystis apicurvata sp. nov. based on material collected from the Marimbus Pantanal, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia State, northeast Brazil. The oppositely curved cell polar thickenings are unique for the species, and its relationships with morphological similar species are discussed.

We describe five new taxa of Euastrum ( E. abruptum var. chapadae, E. fissum var. nordestinum , E. marimbusense, E. ornatiscrobiculatum and E. praemorsum var. foersteri ), and report a new record for the Northeastern Region of Brazil ( E. groenbladii ) from periphyton samples collected in the Pantanal dos Marimbus in the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia State, Brazil. Taxonomic notes and ecological characteristics of the taxa are provided.

Studies of the microalgae in bromeliad phytotelmata in northeastern Brazil revealed the occurrence of some interesting desmids—including new and rare taxa, besides new records for South America. Additionally, we reconsidered some taxa previously recorded in the study area, providing new information and ecological data, as well as SEM images. A total of 19 desmids were identified, 18 from Serra da Jiboia (granite outcrops) and one from Itaberaba (in the “Caatinga” dryland domain). Taxonomic notes and ecological characteristics of the studied taxa are included, as well as a checklist of all of the desmids recorded in Brazilian bromeliad phytotelmata.

Foi realizado o inventario do genero Micrasterias (Zygnematophyceae) em duas areas alagaveis do Pantanal dos Marimbus (Baiano e Remanso), Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, como contribuicao ao conhecimento da desmidioflorula do Estado. Os materiais estudados, de origem perifitica e metafitica, provieram de 120 unidades amostrais coletadas durante o periodo seco (abril, junho e agosto de 2011) e chuvoso (outubro e dezembro de 2011 e fevereiro de 2012). Foram registrados 15 taxons, sendo 11 comuns a ambos os Marimbus. Os taxons mais frequentes no periodo seco e no periodo chuvoso foram M. pinnatifida (Marimbus do Baiano) e M. truncata var. pusilla (Marimbus do Remanso). Com excecao de M. laticeps var. laticeps , 14 taxons tiveram sua distribuicao geografica ampliada para a Chapada Diamantina. Micrasterias tropica var. tropica e M. simplex var. minor sao adicoes a flora ficologica do Nordeste do Brasil.

Twenty-three taxa of coccoid green algae were identified from samples collected in the Marimbus-Iraquara Environmental Protection Area, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia state. Amongst them, 19 are reported for the first time to Bahia state and four are new reports to Brazil: Coenocystis planctonica var. planctonica, C. planctonica var. hercynica, Palmodictyon lobatum and Dispora crucigenioides. This is the first confirmed record of the genus Palmodictyon to the Brazilian territory.

The saccoderm desmids Spirotaenia endospira and Spirotaenia closteridia , species thus far unknown from the southern hemisphere, are described from Serra da Jiboia, northeast Brazil. Spirotaenia filiformis sp. nov. was also recorded in this area and described as new species. In the present study, Spirotaenia species were collected from Alcantarea nahoumii tanks, an endangered Brazilian bromeliad species. The newly described S. filiformis is primarily characterized by a high cell length to breadth ratio (17–31) and a parietal chloroplast with 3.5–8.5 turns. All three species were discussed for possible affiliations with other Spirotaenia taxa. From this study, the knowledge on genus Spirotaenia in Brazil has been expanded to four species currently confirmed: Spirotaenia closteridia , S. condensata , S. endospira , and S. filiformis .

Cosmarium bahianum sp. nov. is described from samples collected from a bromeliad tank (phytotelmata) in a “restinga” area located at Salvador, Bahia State, northeast Brazil. Cosmarium bahianum belongs to the group of placoderm desmids, and is mainly characterized by rather small, smooth-walled, but remarkably punctate cells that are elliptic to subtriangular in apical view, as well as by a globose to elliptical, smooth-walled zygospore. The new species was collected from Hohenbergia littoralis J.B.Smith, an endangered endemic bromeliad species from the Brazilian Restinga with distribution restricted to the north coast of Bahia. The relationship of C. bahianum with morphologically similar species is discussed.

This paper presents the first record of the freshwater dinoflagellate Parvodinium umbonatum (Stein) Carty (Peridiniaceae, Dinophyta) for northeast Brazil, based on samples collected in 2015 from a tank bromeliads at Serra da Jiboia, Bahia. This species was an important component in the local phytotelm community and categorized as frequent in the bromeliads of the area. A description based on morphometrical features, illustrations (LM and SEM), abiotic conditions of the stored water, and geographic distribution of P. umbonatum in Brazil are provided.

This study aimed to identify taxa belonging to the genera Monoraphidium and Ankistrodesmus (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) in two wetland areas of Pantanal dos Marimbus (Baiano and Remanso) in the Marimbus-Iraquara Environmental Protection Area, Bahia State, Brazil, and contribute to the knowledge of Chlorophyceae of Bahia State and Brazil. The materials studied, which were of periphytic and metaphytic origin, came from 64 samples collected in April and June 2011. We identified 18 taxa, 13 from Monoraphidium and five from Ankistrodesmus. Eight taxa were additions to the continental microalgae flora of Northeastern Brazil. Two taxa rarely found in Brazil were collected during the study: Monoraphidium dybowskii and M. litorale. Este estudo teve por objetivo inventariar os táxons de Monoraphidium e Ankistrodesmus (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) de duas áreas alagáveis do Pantanal dos Marimbus (Baiano e Remanso), Área de Proteção Ambiental Marimbus-Iraquara, Bahia e contribui para o conhecimento das Chlorophyceae do Estado da Bahia e Brasil. Os materiais estudados, de origem perifítica e metafítica, provieram de 64 amostras coletadas em abril e junho de 2011. Foram identificados 18 táxons, 13 de Monoraphidium e cinco de Ankistrodesmus, dos quais oito são adições à flora de microalgas continentais da região Nordeste. Dois táxons raramente encontrados no Brasil foram coletados durante este estudo: Monoraphidium dybowskii e M. litorale.

We report here the results of a survey of the phytobenthos of Boipeba Island, Bahia state, Brazil. Samples were collected during three periods (July 2007 and March and December 2012) in the intertidal regions of offshore reefs near the beaches at Ponta dos Castelhanos, Bainema, Moreré, and Tassimirim. A total of 159 taxa were identified: Rhodophyta (83), Chlorophyta (52), Heterokontophyta/Phaeophyceae (21), Cyanobacteria (02), and Magnoliophyta (01). The most representative orders were Ceramiales (Rhodo­phyta), Bryopsid­ales (Chlorophyta), and Dictyo­tales (Heterokontophyta/Phaeophyceae) with 30, 23 and 15 taxa respectively; vouchers were deposited in the herbarium of the Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (HUEFS). This work adds 150 new taxa to those already known for Boipeba Island, including Nitophyllum punctatum (Stackh. in With.) Grev., whose occurrence is now confirmed for the coast of Bahia. The number of species identified in this study was elevated in comparison with previous phytobenthos studies undertaken on Brazilian islands.

RESUMO de duas áreas do Pantanal dos Marimbus (Baiano e Remanso), Chapada Diamantina, Estado da Bahia, Brasil). Este estudo trata do estudo taxonômico da família Scenedesmaceae do Pantanal dos Marimbus, Área de Proteção Ambiental Marimbus-Iraquara, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil. As amostras provenientes do perifíton e do plâncton foram coletadas em duas áreas do Pantanal dos Marimbus (Baiano e Remanso), durante o período seco (abril, junho e agosto de 2011) e o período chuvoso (outubro, dezembro de 2011 e fevereiro de 2012). São descritos 27 táxons, dos quais 18 são adições a flora ficológica da Bahia. ABSTRACT from two areas of the Marimbus Pantanal (Baiano and Remanso), Chapada Diamantina, Bahia State, Brazil). This work deal with the taxonomy of the Family Scenedesmaceae from Marimbus Pantanal, Environmental Protection Area Marimbus-Iraquara, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia State, Brazil. Samples from the periphyton and plankton were collected in two areas of the Marimbus Pantanal (Baiano and Remanso) during the dry season (April, June, and August 2011) and the rainy season (October, December 2011, and February 2012). This study describes 27 taxa, including 18 additions to the phycological flora of Bahia.