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Absolute growth rates change with tree size and age, shifting throughout species ontogeny. The study on interspecific variation in plant traits has generated important insights into the life-history strategies and their consequences for ecosystem functioning. However, it remains unknown to what extent – and even if – species’ functional traits are related to the variation in their growth trajectories. We set out to model growth trajectories of 45 woody species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in a secondary subtropical forest under regeneration, aiming to understand if species can be grouped by their growth patterns throughout ontogeny and if these groups could be classified in distinct ecological strategies based on key plant traits. We used a maximum likelihood estimation approach to predict growth trajectories using three ecologically relevant parameters [maximum growth rate (Gmax), diameter at maximum growth rate (Dopt), and the ontogenetic variability in growth rate (K)] followed by multivariate analyses to detect associations among phylogenetic relationships, plant traits, and growth parameters and classify species into growth pattern groups. Across species, growth trajectory parameters varied widely. The cluster analysis identified three distinct groups based on growth trajectories parameters, which were not functionally or ecologically well defined. Our findings supports the idea that traits describing plant size and tree shape, such as maximum height, canopy volume and height to diameter ratio, were generally the best predictors of species growth parameters throughout ontogeny, even though traits representing resource-use and reproductive strategies also played a significant role. Growth-trait framework can be understood as a continuum of multi-trait combinations where, at one end of the gradient, we find trees with higher growth rate and larger diameters supporting a voluminous canopy combined with lower investment in leaf tissue and smaller diaspore; at the other end, taller trees supporting a smaller canopy with higher investment in leaf tissue and longer diaspore. Ultimately, we have shown that tree architecture, leaf and reproductive traits significantly influence growth trajectory along tree ontogeny, which may be the reason why objectively grouping species based on growth-trajectories parameters is ineffective, at least in highly diverse secondary subtropical forests undergoing regeneration.

In Southern Brazil, the National Forests (NF) are protected areas of sustainable use; however, most of them present a significant cover with old plantations of Pinus spp. established to foster commercial forestry. Nowadays, the NF management plans propose the conversion of Pinus stands into native forests. Pinus spp. are worrisome invasive plants whose spontaneous recruitment is a challenge to forest restoration. This paper aims to analyze seed rain and woody community composition in a stand where Pinus trees were eliminated to drive spontaneous regeneration (REG) in an NF in the Southern Atlantic Forest. The seed rain was measured in the restoring area and inside an adjacent Pinus stand (PIN). The tree community structure was analyzed comparatively in REG, PIN, and in a Native Araucaria Forest (NAT). One year after Pinus cutting, the seed rain of woody species was 1,802 and 1,502 seeds m-2.year-1 in REG and PIN, respectively. REG’s seed rain had higher diversity than PIN and absence of Pinus seeds. REG and NAT presented higher diversity of tree species than PIN, although REG had the lowest basal area and tree density. Nevertheless, 188 Pinus seedlings.ha-1 were observed in REG, which indicates that complementary restoration actions are needed.

Meliponinae eusocial bees are among the most important pollinators in the Neotropics and their beekeeping has been growing as both recreational and economic activity. Information on the pollen preferences and niche overlap among species coexisting in the same location is still scarce. This study focused on the use of pollen resources by three native species of Meliponinae in the Atlantic Forest, Melipona quadrifasciata quadrifasciata (Lepeletier 1836), Scaptotrigona depilis (Moure 1942), and Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille 1811), at two different sites. The use of pollen resources was evaluated from reserves inside hives collected monthly between February 2015 and January 2016. It was also estimated the Mean Minimal Distance (Dm) traveled by the bees to obtain pollen. The bees differed regarding the diversity of pollen types, Dm, and proportion of pollen from different plant life-form. Local factor promoted differences only for Dm. M. q. quadrifasciata foraged a low diversity of pollen species and traveled greater distances with a higher proportion of trees plus palm species. Tetragonisca angustula foraged a higher diversity of pollen and flew shorter distances with a lower proportion of trees and palms. The species factor predominates over the local factor in the clustering pattern, based on pollen profile similarity.

Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients were treated with non-commercial roasted mate tea (MT). Plants were identified botanically and roasted at 200 °C for 20 min. Eight patients were selected, of whom 4 were non-treated and 4 received MT in nasoenteric tube or oral diet for 14 days. MT-treated patients received infusion twice a day (7 g 300 mL−1 each). No significant difference (p

Selection of tree species is a key aspect of restoration in megadiverse biomes such as the Atlantic Forest, especially in degraded areas with past intensive land use, which usually present severe limiting conditions. The species must have high survival and growth, not only in the transition between germination and seedling but also between seedling and adult plant until allowing the establishment of a self-sustaining and renewable community. In order to reach this goal, restoration initiatives carried out in the Atlantic Forest have employed high-diversity plantings of tree species from different successional guilds. Notwithstanding, long-term silvicultural knowledge is scarce for the native species from this biome, and the effectiveness of these models is controversial. Our investigation has compared the survival and growth of species and guilds in high-diversity tree species plantings in areas with previous agricultural intensive use. The species and guilds were also compared with respect to seed mass since this parameter is pointed out as an indicator of high survival in early stages. Pioneer and secondary species did not present differences in survival and seed mass, although pioneers exhibited greater growth rate. The late successional (LS) species had lower survival and growth, and higher seed mass. Survival after 8 months and between 8–15 months after seedling planting was inversely correlated with seed mass (r2 = 0.35 and r2 = 0.36, P < 0.001). On the other hand, survival after 8 months was correlated with relative growth rate (RGR) in the same periods of time (r2 = 0.34, P < 0.001). Overall average survival was 41% after 15 months, with the survival of LS species at an average of 12%. Data suggests that the inclusion of LS seedlings could impair the efficacy of restoration during early phases, at least in highly degraded areas. Equally, the inclusion of species with high seed mass should be considered with caution.

Objetivo. Os periódicos acadêmicos multidisciplinares revisados por pares dedicados à extensão universitária (ReX) são relativamente numerosos no Brasil. Estudos sobre seu impacto são escassos. O objetivo desta investigação foi verificar se as ReX apresentam diferenças bibliométricas em relação a outros periódicos multidisciplinares brasileiros (RMulti). Método. Foram calculados índices de citação, tendo como base o mecanismo de busca Google Acadêmico (GA) para os dois grupos. Ainda, foi avaliada a relação entre os índices e a classificação WebQualis. Resultados. Verificou-se que o fator de impacto baseado nas citações do GA (FGA) é bastante variável entre os periódicos, e não difere entre os grupos. O índice h5 (GA) apresenta uma correlação não significativa com o FGA quanto se consideram todos os periódicos (r2 = 0,51, P = 0,0686). Entre as RMulti, observa-se uma alta correspondência entre a maior classificação WebQualis e o fator de impacto baseado no GA (FGA), assim como entre a mediana WebQualis e o FGA. Por outro lado, tal correspondência não é observada entre as ReX. Conclusões. As ReX tem uma valorização, no Webqualis, aquém de seu impacto.

A extensão universitária, muito recentemente, tornou-se uma terceira missão formalmente reconhecida nas universidades. De uma atividade unidirecional destinada à  difusão do conhecimento acadêmico à comunidade extramuros e à prestação de serviços, a extensão passou a ser entendida como uma interação dialógica com a sociedade. Como consequência, uma dimensão pedagógica tem sido atribuída à extensão universitária. Como instrumento de aprendizagem e geração de conhecimentos, a extensão pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de seus estudantes e profissionais. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o conceito de extensão universitária e suas mais importantes modificações ao longo da história, identificando o surgimento da prática da extensão universitária como instrumento pedagógico. A partir daí, trata de discutir o potencial da atividade extensionista na qualificação da trajetória formativa dos estudantes universitários. São apresentados trabalhos de investigação sobre o tema do impacto pedagógico da extensão universitária, buscando-se discutir a contribuição dessa atividade para qualificar a universidade e seus egressos. Os trabalhos publicados mostram que a extensão universitária pode influenciar significativamente a formação universitária, em especial nos aspectos cívico-políticos e afetivo-comportamentais.

Agroforestry systems (AFS) are policultures with at least one tree species. These systems provide various ecosystem services, income increments and food safety. These ecosystem services include biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, reduction of crop diseases, increased biological controls, biological nitrogen fixation and nutrient cycling. A review of potential ecosystem services of AFS on Southern Brazil is presented. In addition, the potential of carbon uptake through conversion to AFS is estimated. The predominant AFS are agroforestry with yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.), silvopastures, citrus and banana orchards, and the palm açaí-juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.). Considering the conversion of conventional systems to AFS, the silvopastures present the greatest carbon sequestration potentiality due to the great area used for cattle ranching. The conversion of citrus and banana cropping also present great carbon uptake potential besides reducing fungal and bacterial diseases. Southern Brazil presents more than 15 million hectares which could be converted into silvopasture and other AFS by taking as a model the already well-established experiences. Moreover, AFS has become a strategy for forest restoration. There are no negative trade-offs related to the silvopasture and citrus agroforestry adoption. The reasons for the low adoption of AFS are discussed.

ABSTRACT Direct seeding of native tree species could be a low cost alternative for forest restoration. The paper aimed at evaluate direct seeding of two species from Southern Brazil, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi and Citharexylum solanaceum Chamisso, comparing with seedling planting. The effects and costs of forest topsoil and forest litter addition were also evaluated in the direct seeding. The experiment was accomplished during 2009/2010. The treatments of direct seeding were CONTROL - control without seeding, TSEED - only seeding, TLITTER - seeding with forest litter cover, TTOPSOIL - seeding with forest topsoil, TBOTH - seeding with forest litter and with forest topsoil, LTCONTROL - control with forest litter and forest topsoil. The species C. solanaceum did not germinate at field. The species S. terebinthifolius had higher germination in the TBOTH, either at 30 days (21.6%) and 360 days (9.0%), which correspond to a density of 9,000 plants · ha-1 after 360 days. The litter singly contributed less to the survival than the forest soil, however a synergic effect between the two inputs was observed. The TBOTH presented a higher growth (42 cm of plant height at 360 days). The costs of direct seeding with inputs (singly or combined) were higher than the conventional seedling planting in relation to the area unity. However, the cost of direct seeding without addition of inputs was higher considering the cost per survivor seedlings. Planted seedling of S. terebinthifolius reached 88.5 cm of height after 360 days. Seedlings of S. terebinthifolius generated by direct seeding reached the average of 5.1 and 42.0 cm of height in the TSEED and TBOTH treatments, respectively.

São apresentados dados sobre os três primeiros anos de publicação eletrônica da Revista Brasileira de Extensão Universitária, as citações e o fator de impacto.

A publicação de revistas multidisciplinares dedicadas à extensão universitária é um fenômeno notável em vários países da América. Os periódicos mais antigos desta natureza são dos anos 1960, nos Estados Unidos, quando surgiu o Journal of Extension. No Brasil, foram detectadas 29 revistas multidisciplinares dedicadas à extensão universitária ainda em atividade, e as mais antigas entre elas foram iniciadas nos anos 1990. Porém, outras revistas com perfil editorial semelhantes foram detectadas e, embora descontinuadas, iniciaram na década anterior. A região Sul apresenta 12 (41%) das revistas em atividade, e a região sudeste nove (31%), o que indica uma distribuição geográfica desigual no país. O número de revistas multidisciplinares dedicadas à extensão universitária cresceu muito, praticamente triplicando nos últimos dez anos. Nas revistas brasileiras, há uma forte predominância de trabalhos publicados cujo conteúdo se refere a relatos de experiências de projetos de extensão. Poucos são os trabalhos oriundos da pesquisa na extensão universitária, ou em temas que possam subsidiá-la. A qualidade editorial da maioria das revistas apresenta aspectos a serem aperfeiçoados, destacando-se, o corpo editorial e a periodicidade. Palavras-chave: edição eletrônica, extensão universitária, periódicos. Academic Journals on University Extension in Brazil Abstract: The publication of multidisciplinary journals dedicated to university extension is a remarkable phenomenon in several countries in the American continent. The oldest publications of this nature date back to the 1960s in the United States, when the first issue of the Journal of Extension was released. In Brazil, 29 multidisciplinary active journals dedicated to university extension can be detected, being the oldest among them released in the 1990s. Other journals with similar editorial profile were detected in the previous decade, however, these publications were later discontinued. In the Southern region of Brazil there are 12 (41%) of the extension journals in activity, and in the Southeast region there are nine (31%), indicating an uneven geographical distribution in the country. The number of multidisciplinary journals dedicated to university extension has almost tripled over the last ten years. In the Brazilian journals, there is a strong predominance of publications whose content regarding experience reports of extension projects. A few are derived from research activities in university extension projects, or on topics that may relate to it. The editorial quality of most journals shows areas to be potentially improved, especially regarding the editorial board and the periodicity. Keywords: electronic edition, university extension, periodicals. Las revistas académicas de extensión universitaria en Brasil Resumen: La publicación de revistas multidisciplinares dedicadas a la extensión universitaria es un fenómeno notable en muchos países de América. Las revistas más antiguas de esta naturaleza son de los años 60, en los Estados Unidos, cuando surgió el Journal of Extension. En Brasil, se detectaron 29 revistas multidisciplinares dedicadas a la extensión universitaria y que siguen activas, siendo las primeras iniciadas en la década de 1990. Sin embargo, se verificaron otras revistas con perfil editorial similar y, aunque discontinuadas, se iniciaron en la década anterior. La región sur de Brasil tiene 12 (41%) de las revistas de extensión en actividad, y la región sudeste tiene nueve (31%), lo que indica una distribución geográfica desigual en el país. El número de revistas multidisciplinares dedicadas a la extensión universitaria ha crecido hasta casi el triple en los últimos diez años. En las revistas brasileñas, hay un fuerte predominio de artículos cuyo contenido se refiere a informes de experiencias de proyectos de extensión. Son pocos los trabajos son derivados de la investigación en la extensión universitaria, o en temas que puedan subsidiarla. La calidad editorial de la mayoría de las revistas muestra áreas de mejora potencial, destacando el consejo editorial y la periodicidad. Palabras-clave: edición electrónica, extensión universitaria, publicaciones periódicas.

Silvicultural and ecological knowledge about tree species is basic to restoration planning, particularly in high diversity regions. Here we present a comparison of four native tree species from the middle Uruguay River basin, Brazil-Argentine frontier: Heliocarpus americanus L. (Malvaceae), Maclura tinctoria (L.) D. Don ex Steud. (Moraceae), Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) and Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud. (Boraginaceae). We obtained data on initial growth, light interception, litterfall and litter mineral contents. H. americanus presented the greatest height and the lowest value of height/crown width ratio. H. americanus and M. tinctoria presented the highest light interception rate (>94 %) and highest litterfall (879 ± 151 and 792 ± 164 g·m-2·year-1, respectively). For the set of species, the lowest litterfall occurred between July and September. H. americanus presented the highest K concentration (1.13%) in the litter, while C. trichotoma had the highest values of Ca and Mg (6.35 and 2.02 %, respectively). S. terebinthifolius had the lowest light interception rate and litter mineral content.O conhecimento silvicultural e ecológico sobre as espécies arbóreas são fundamentais para o planejamento da restauração ecológica em áreas de alta diversidade. Este estudo apresenta uma comparação entre quatro espécies arbóreas nativas da porção média da bacia do rio Uruguai: Heliocarpus americanus L. (Malvaceae), Maclura tinctoria (L.) D. Don ex Steud. (Moraceae), Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) e Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud. (Boraginaceae). Foram obtidos dados sobre o crescimento inicial, a interceptação de luz, a produção de serapilheira e o seu conteúdo mineral. H. americanus apresentou maior crescimento em altura e menor razão entre altura e largura de copa. H. americanus e M. tinctoria tiveram a maior interceptação da luz solar (> 94%) e a maior produção de serapilheira (879 ± 151 e 792 ± 164 g·m-2·ano-1, respectivamente). A menor produção de serapilheira, para o conjunto das quatro espécies, ocorreu entre julho e setembro. H. americanus apresentou os maiores teores de K (1,13 %) na serapilheira, enquanto C. trichotoma, os maiores valores de Ca e Mg (6,35 e 2,02%, respectivamente). S. terebinthifolius exibiu a menor interceptação da luz solar e os menores teores de nutrientes minerais na serapilheira.

Maté (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) is a native plant from southern Brazil and a raw material for beverages. To research on population variability of the species, we compared leaf morphology of three populations from Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Paraná (PR) and Santa Catarina (SC) States. Lamina measurements included area (A), perimeter (P), length (l), maximum width (w), distance between maximum width and lamina base (dw), base angle (BÂ), biomass (m), and the indexes: relative distance of maximum width (dw/l), ratio length/width (l/w), relative perimeter (RP= P / (l + w), rectangular area index (RAI = A / (l x w)) and leaf mass/area (m/A). We verified differences among populations on A (MSSC) and m/A (MS>PR, MS=SC, PR=SC). The lowest RAI of SC could be explained, at least partially, by a positive correlation between RAI and BÂ (r= 0.6043, pErva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) é uma planta nativa do Brasil, e matéria-prima para bebidas e chás. Analisou-se sua variabilidade populacional, comparando-se a morfologia das folhas de 3 diferentes populações do Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Paraná (PR) e Santa Catarina (SC). Avaliou-se área (A), perímetro (P), comprimento (c), largura máxima (l) e biomassa (m), distância da largura máxima até a base (dl), ângulo basal da lâmina (Âb), e os índices: distância relativa da largura média (DLM = dl / l), razão comprimento/largura (RCL = c / l), perímetro relativo (PR = (c + l) / Pe), índice de área retangular (IAR = A / (c x l)) e massa específica (m/A). Há diferenças em A (MSSC) e m/A (MS>PR, PR=SC, MS=SC). O IAR menor de SC pôde ser explicado, pelo menos em parte, pela correlação entre IAR e Âb (r= 0,6043,p