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The purpose of this survey is to study the content of non-essential amino acids in four winter (Dunav 1, Ruse 8, Resor 1, Line M-K) and five spring (Obraztsov chiflik 4, Mina, HiFi, Novosadski golozarnest and Prista 2) cultivars of oats grown in Central Southern Bulgaria within the period from 2007 to 2009. The tested cultivars have different contents of non-essential amino acids. Dunav 1 has the highest quantity of glicine (5.12 g/100 g protein) of all the winter cultivars, Ruse 8 has the highest quantity of alanine (5.69 g/100 g protein) and Resor 1-the highest quantity of arginine (6.14 g/100 g protein). Generally speaking, the spring cultivars have a larger quantity of glutamic acid (from 25.86 to 26.07 g/100 g protein) and proline (from 6.15 to 8.21 g/100 g protein) but a smaller quantity of glycine (from 4.68 to 4.99 g/100 g protein) compared to the winter cultivars. The naked cultivar Mina has the highest quantity of cystine (2.14 g/100 g protein), cultivar Prista 2 has the highest quantity of proline (8.21 g/100 g protein) and glutamic acid (26.07 g/100g protein) and HiFi ranks first in terms of aspartic acid (9.05 g/100 g protein), serine (5.02 g/100 g protein) and tyrosine (2.09 g/100 g protein). In the study we have also established certain relations between non-essential amino acids.

The study was carried out in the Experimental field of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding-Agricultural University, Plovdiv during the period 2009-2011. New breeding lines were investigated using block design with 4 replications and 20 m2 plot size. The aim of the investigation was to estimate barley lines by yield, stability and some important traits, using Obzor as a standard. Applying biometrical and cluster analysis and index of yield stability, it has been established that some breeding lines: numbers 21411003, 21401409 and 21001008, respectively, had better traits in comparison with the standard cultivar "Obzor" as well as stable yields regardless of differences in the climatic conditions over the years. These lines can be certified as new cultivars according to the government's requirements for cultivar testing.

The paper examines the main sources of noise from vehicles (road vehicles, rail vehicles, and air transport vehicles). The impact of acoustic noise on human health and the measures that lead to a reduction in its level are represented. A classification of the closed and open acoustic barriers (Sonic Crystal) type has been made. The materials, from which the acoustic barriers and the main types of structures are built, are represented. The modern tendencies for acoustic noise reduction, caused by vehicles are also represented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infections with Staphylococcus aureus are a common cause which can induce severe skin infections in rabbits leading to important economic losses. The present study was conducted to evaluate the changes in the concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, and albumin/globulin ratio during S. aureus infection using a model for experimental infection of rabbits. The experiment was carried out on 13 rabbits at the age of 3 months. Infection was induced by inoculation of 7 rabbits by100 µL of bacterial suspension of a field S. aureus strain (density: 8-108 cfu/mL) and 6 other rabbits were not treated (controls). Blood samples for principal protein analysis were collected before (0 h) and at 24, 48 and72 h on day 7, 14, and 21 after infection. Total protein level showed little changes in the experimental group. The concentration of albumin decreased in the experimental group since 32.2±2.30 g/L to 27.3±1.9g/L. The serum level of globulins rose significantly (P<0.05) in the experimental group and slightly in the control group. Albumin/globulin ratio was lowered and significantly different on day 4 (P<0.01) and on day 7 (P<0.001). The concentration of fibrinogen was used as an acute phase protein with aim to confirm the incidence of infection. In parallel, rectal temperature and skin lesions (abscesses) were recorded. In all infected animals, formation of abscess due to the proliferation of the inoculated strain was observed within 48-96 h following the bacterial inoculation and these lesions have gradually extended leading to purulent exudates several days after and sometimes to secondary abscesses in surrounding muscles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Connexin proteins form gap junctions controlling exchange of ions and small molecules between cells and play an important role in movement of lymph within lymphatic vessels. Connexin47 (CX47) is highly expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells and CX47 missense mutations, i.e., R260C, cosegregate with primary lymphedema in humans. However, studies utilizing CX47 knockout mice have failed to demonstrate any lymphatic anomalies. To unravel the lymphatic consequences of expressing a mutant CX47 protein, we used CRISPR technology to create a mouse carrying a Cx47 missense mutation (Cx47R259C) equivalent to the human CX47R260C missense mutation associated with human primary lymphedema. Intradermal Evans Blue dye injection identified a 2-fold increase in regional lymph nodes in homozygous Cx47R259C mice compared to wildtype, particularly in the jugular region (4.8 ± 0.4 and 2.0 ± 0.0, respectively, p<0.01). Associated lymphatic channels were increased in Cx47R259C mice and mesenteric lymph reflux occurred in homozygous Cx47R259C mice but not in wildtype. Contractility of superficial cervical lymphatics, assessed by pressure myography, was reduced in homozygous Cx47R259C mice compared to wildtype. In conclusion, our data are the first to demonstrate a role for the Cx47 protein in lymphatic anatomy and function. This phenotype is similar to that found with other valve deficient mouse mutants, e.g., in Foxc2. Of significance, this study is the first to use CRISPR technology to develop a pre-clinical model of primary lymphedema and demonstrates the importance of distinguishing between lack of and presence of mutant protein when developing clinically relevant animal models for translation of pre-clinical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: The aim of this paper is to investigate the dynamics of the activities of alkaline phosphatase (AP), aspartate (ASAT) and alanine (ALAT) transferases in plasma of rabbits that are infected with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). METHODS: The experiment was carried out with 12 male rabbits (White New Zealand), divided into two groups: experimental and control. Blood samples from each rabbit were taken before the euthanasia of v. auricularis externa as follows: at 3 months of age, coinciding with 0 hours before infection, and at 6, 24, 48, 72 hours and on days 7, 14 and 21 after S. aureus infection in sterile heparinized tubes. The AP, ASAT and ALAT were performed on a semiautomated biochemical analyzer, Section in Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. RESULTS: The results showed significant decreasing (P <0.05) of AP 48h after infection and on day 14 comparing to the control group(P<0,01), significant increasing of ALAT (P<0,01) comparingto the control group and pre-initial level and significant increasing of ASAT on day 14 and day 21 in the experimental group comparing initial level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present a methodology for assessing the level of climatic risk in agriculture and to assess the risk of climate variability faced by wheat producers in Bulgaria. The analysis is based on secondary data on the average wheat yield during the period 1998 - 2018. Using a breakpoint linear regression model we estimated the predictable component in the time series of the average crop yield. Climate risk was assessed using a detrended coefficient of variation. We conclude that about 10% of the average yield variation from its typical value can be explained by the impact of random factors, among which climate variability over the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute phase proteins (APPs) are a large group of proteins synthesised mainly by the liver. Their production is stimulated in response to disturbances in the systemic homeostasis. It is known that each species has a specific set of APPs. Serum amyloid A and haptoglobin are the main APPs in small ruminants and their plasma concentration is changed most significantly in comparison with minor APPs such as ceruloplasmin. In general, APPs could provide valuable information on the general condition of the organism but cannot point at the exact disease. Therefore, APPs should be included as an additional indicator in clinical diagnosis. Knowledge of APPs behaviour in disease states has a remarkable potential for detecting animals with subclinical infections, determining the prognosis of clinical infection, differentiation between viral and bacterial disease, treatment monitoring, vaccine effectiveness and stress conditions. The aim of this review is to present data on APPs behaviour during some parasitic and infectious diseases as well as pathological conditions leading to aseptic inflammation and stress in sheep and goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results from the determination of the standard enthalpies of the formation of selenites of rare earths elements determined by three methods: method of ionic increments, method of Kapustinski and method of Berkengeim. The precision of the determination was estimated. The relative error was small which indicated for calculation accuracy. The dependences of the standard enthalpies of formation (ΔH2980) on the molecular weights of the compounds was plotted and analysed. The selenites of rare earths elements synthesised and their thermodynamic characteristics are necessary to fill in data about the important branch of inorganic chemistry -- chemistry of selenium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infections with Staphylococcus aureus are a common cause which can induce severe skin infections in rabbits leading to important economic losses. The present study was conducted to evaluate the changes in the concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, and albumin/globulin ratio during S. aureus infection using a model for experimental infection of rabbits. The experiment was carried out on 13 rabbits at the age of 3 months. Infection was induced by inoculation of 7 rabbits by100 μL of bacterial suspension of a field S. aureus strain (density: 8х108 cfu/mL) and 6 other rabbits were not treated (controls). Blood samples for principal protein analysis were collected before (0 h) and at 24, 48 and72 h on day 7, 14, and 21 after infection. Total protein level showed little changes in the experimental group. The concentration of albumin decreased in the experimental group since 32.2±2.30 g/L to 27.3±1.9g/L. The serum level of globulins rose significantly (P<0.05) in the experimental group and slightly in the control group. Albumin/globulin ratio was lowered and significantly different on day 4 (P<0.01) and on day 7 (P<0.001). The concentration of fibrinogen was used as an acute phase protein with aim to confirm the incidence of infection. In parallel, rectal temperature and skin lesions (abscesses) were recorded. In all infected animals, formation of abscess due to the proliferation of the inoculated strain was observed within 48-96 h following the bacterial inoculation and these lesions have gradually extended leading to purulent exudates several days after and sometimes to secondary abscesses in surrounding muscles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]