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• Peak standing crop (PSC) and residual dry matter (RDM) are the primary measures of production and grazing intensity on California's annual rangelands. • One of the most common methods of monitoring forage metrics is to clip 1-ft2 quadrats. The USDA Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, universities, and other land managers have been using this methodology since the 1930s. • We used best linear unbiased predictors (BLUEs) to determine 95% confidence intervals for PSC and RDM. For both PSC and RDM, as the number of samples taken increased from 1 to 10, the predictive ability also significantly increased. We found no evidence of increased predictive power past 10 samples.

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an uncommon hereditary condition characterized by a range of skeletal and dental irregularities, primarily caused by mutations in the RUNX2 gene. This case report details a 19-year-old female patient who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery with complaints of multiple supernumerary teeth and retained deciduous teeth. The patient exhibited several hallmark features of CCD, including frontal bossing, an underdeveloped maxilla, a concave head shape, a flattened malar region, short stature with a bell-shaped chest, and sloping shoulders. The clinical presentation and treatment plan, which involved a phased approach combining surgical and orthodontic procedures, are discussed. Virtual surgical planning played a critical role in Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (SARPE). The positive outcome of this case emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary strategy in treating CCD and suggests the need for further exploration into standardized treatment protocols for this rare disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Transdermal opioids have emerged as an effective and efficient analgesic modality to reduce post-operative pain effectively without the associated side effects of conventional iv opioids. This study aimed to assess the analgesic effectiveness of transdermal Buprenorphine 10 mcg/hr patches and transdermal Fentanyl 25 mcg/hr patches for alleviating postoperative pain oral cancer patients undergoing surgical resection with modified radicle neck dissection (MRND III) with reconstruction. Materials and Methods: This prospective, double-blind, randomized study included adult patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma in the maxillofacial region. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group 1 (control) received 100 mg of intravenous tramadol in 100 ml of normal saline, Group 2 received a fentanyl patch (25 mcg/hr), and Group 3 received a transdermal buprenorphine patch (10 mcg/hr). All patients were provided with intravenous paracetamol (1g) as a rescue analgesic when necessary. The transdermal patches were applied immediately before surgery. The primary objective was to assess mean FLACC scores, while the secondary objective was to evaluate total rescue analgesic requirements. Results: Group 3 demonstrated the lowest median FLACC scores, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively (Kruskal-Wallis test). In addition, the total consumption of rescue analgesics was significantly lower in Group 3 compared to the other groups, without a corresponding increase in adverse events. Conclusions: The study concluded that applying a 10 mcg/hr buprenorphine patch prior to surgery in patients undergoing oral cancer procedures provides effective postoperative pain relief with minimal adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although the Americas and Europe have historically dominated the global research landscape, emerging economies – Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) have significantly increased their contributions in recent years. This article studies clinical trial trends in the BRICS nations between 2018 and 2022 and compares it with trends in the G7 nations (comprising Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, the USA, and the European Union). This will help stakeholders in planning drug development strategies. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP) and the World Bank database. An electronic search was done for the total number of trials registered between January 1, 2018, and March 15, 2023. Information was analyzed based on the year of registration, therapeutic area, type of intervention, sponsorship, and type of special population. The trial density indices (TDIs) were calculated based on population (Xi) and gross domestic product (GDP) (Yi) using author-derived formulae. Results: Altogether 2, 77, 536 trials from the BRICS and G7 were registered. China and the US had the most trials among the BRICS and G7, respectively. Between 2018 and 2022, the gap between the BRICS and G7 steadily reduced. The most common indication for clinical trials among the BRICS was cancer. Based on population, the TDI was the highest in China and the lowest in Russia. In proportion to the GDP, the TDI was maximum in Russia and minimum in India. Conclusion: There is a remarkable reduction in the gap in clinical trial trends between the BRICS and G7 nations. Among the BRICS, India and China are at the forefront in drug development. There is scope for improvement in trial density based on India’s population and GDP. Stakeholders are likely to utilize the strengths of the BRICS as an attractive destination for investment in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]