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Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel Die Vorstellungsgründe, klinische Symptomatik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Ergebnis der Therapie von 12 Pferden mit klinisch apparenter West-Nil-Virus (WNV)-Infektion werden beschrieben. Material und Methoden Fallserie Ergebnisse Die adulten Pferde (Alter 6–18 Jahre, 7 Stuten, 5 Wallache) aus Sachsen oder Sachsen-Anhalt wurden zwischen September 2018 und September 2020 mit unterschiedlichen Vorberichten vorgestellt. Alle Pferde wurden im August oder September vorgestellt und keines der Pferde war gegen das WNV geimpft. Fieber war das häufigste Allgemeinsymptom und trat bei 8/12 Pferden auf. An neurologischen Symptomen traten Muskelfaszikulationen (11/12 Pferde), Ataxie (8/12 Pferde) sowie Hyperästhesie und Kopfschiefhaltung (je 6/12 Pferde) am häufigsten auf. Bei allen Pferden wurde die Infektion mittels Nachweises von IgM sowie neutralisierenden Antikörpern gegen das WNV diagnostiziert, zwei euthanasierte Pferde waren zudem PCR-positiv. Die symptomatische Therapie beinhaltete vor allem nicht-steroidale Antiphlogistika oder Dexamethason sowie Infusionstherapie. Die Dauer des Klinikaufenthaltes betrug im Durchschnitt 7,5 Tage. Sieben Pferde erholten sich laut Besitzerangaben vollständig, für 2 Pferde war keine Information erhältlich. Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz Die WNV-Enzephalomyelitis muss in Mitteldeutschland seit 2018 als Differentialdiagnose von im Sommer und Spätsommer auftretenden akuten neurologischen Erkrankungen ungeimpfter Pferdes in Betracht gezogen werden. Die beschriebenen Symptome sowie das Ergebnis der Therapie sind weitgehend deckungsgleich mit Berichten aus Nordamerika und anderen europäischen Ländern.

This dissertation investigates questions of the taxation of mobile versus immobile tax bases with a particular focus on (effective) corporate, consumption, and property tax rates. It consists of three self-contained chapters dealing with the effects of international tax competition on con-sumption taxation, the heterogeneous investment effects of effective corporate tax rates, and the spatial dimension of tax policy spillovers in German municipalities. Chapter 1 empirically investi-gates whether governments are substituting from corporate to consumption taxation due to tax competition using a novel self-collected data set of corporate and consumption tax regime infor-mation. I estimate the slope of the tax policy reaction function between corporate and consump-tion tax rates exploiting the cross-sectional interdependence of corporate tax rates for an instru-mental variable approach. Additionally, I analyze the rate-revenue relationship of both tax instru-ments to evaluate the overall revenue implications of corporate tax competition. I find that, on average, a one percentage point decrease in the corporate tax rate leads to a [0.35] percentage point increase in the consumption tax rate. The rate-revenue relationship of both corporate and consumption tax rates follows an inverted U-shape. Furthermore, governments can fully compen-sate for revenue losses from tax competition by substituting to consumption taxation. These re-sults indicate that the debate on corporate tax competition may overstate efficiency considera-tions and underestimate equity concerns. Chapter 2 develops a new approach to calculate coun-try-year-industry-specific forward-looking effective tax rates (FLETRs) based on a panel of 19 industries, 221 countries, and the years 2001 to 2020. Beside statutory tax rate and tax base in-formation, the FLETRs account for firms’ typical (i.e., industry specific) financing structures as well as asset compositions. We show that effective tax rates suffer from significant measurement error when the latter information is neglected, owing primarily to inappropriately assigned asset weights to statutory depreciation allowances. Our empirical analysis exploits the substantial var-iation in FLETRs over time to provide estimates of the tax semi-elasticity of corporate investment in tangible fixed assets. Based on [more than 24 million] firm-entity observations, our results sug-gest a semi-tax-elasticity of [-0.45], which is at the lower end of previous findings. We further show that different subgroups of firms respond very heterogeneously to tax incentives. For exam-ple, when focusing on firm-entities operating in the manufacturing sector, we find a substantially bigger semi-elasticity of [-1.29]. Chapter 3 studies tax policy interaction for both mobile and im-mobile tax bases using a large panel of German municipalities. We exploit a quasi-exogenous increase in local tax instruments from state debt reduction programs in Hesse and Northrhine-Westfalia to identify if governments engage in tax or yardstick competition. Additionally, we also analyze the spatial persistence of any spillovers. We find evidence that municipalities located in the same state but not directly affected by the debt reduction program show strong and significant tax policy responses both in corporate and property tax rates. Furthermore, the policy spillovers from property tax rates are highly localized indicating that municipalities engage in yardstick competition.

The presenting complaints, clinical signs, diagnostic evaluation, therapy, and outcome of 12 horses with clinically apparent West-Nile-Virus (WNV) infection are described.Case series RESULTS: The adult horses (age 6-18 years, 7 mares, 5 geldings) from Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt were presented with various clinical histories between September 2018 and September 2020. All horses were presented in August or September and no horse was vaccinated against WNV. Fever as the most common general clinical sign was present in 8/12 horses. The most common neurological signs were muscle fasciculations (11/12 horses), ataxia (8/12 horses), hyperesthesia and head tilt (6/12 horses each). Diagnosis of WNV infection was confirmed by demonstrating IgM antibody and neutralizing antibody production in all horses; 2 euthanized horses also tested positive by PCR. Therapy was symptomatic and primarily included non-steroidal anti-inflammatories or dexamethasone as well as fluid therapy. Duration of hospitalization was 7.5 days on average. According to their owners, seven horses recovered completely, while information was missing for 2 horses.In eastern-central Germany, WNV-encephalomyelitis must be considered a differential diagnosis for unvaccinated horses with acute neurologic disease occurring in summer and late summer. The reported clinical signs and the outcome of therapy are mostly congruent with reports from North America and other European countries.Die Vorstellungsgründe, klinische Symptomatik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Ergebnis der Therapie von 12 Pferden mit klinisch apparenter West-Nil-Virus (WNV)-Infektion werden beschrieben.Fallserie ERGEBNISSE: Die adulten Pferde (Alter 6–18 Jahre, 7 Stuten, 5 Wallache) aus Sachsen oder Sachsen-Anhalt wurden zwischen September 2018 und September 2020 mit unterschiedlichen Vorberichten vorgestellt. Alle Pferde wurden im August oder September vorgestellt und keines der Pferde war gegen das WNV geimpft. Fieber war das häufigste Allgemeinsymptom und trat bei 8/12 Pferden auf. An neurologischen Symptomen traten Muskelfaszikulationen (11/12 Pferde), Ataxie (8/12 Pferde) sowie Hyperästhesie und Kopfschiefhaltung (je 6/12 Pferde) am häufigsten auf. Bei allen Pferden wurde die Infektion mittels Nachweises von IgM sowie neutralisierenden Antikörpern gegen das WNV diagnostiziert, zwei euthanasierte Pferde waren zudem PCR-positiv. Die symptomatische Therapie beinhaltete vor allem nicht-steroidale Antiphlogistika oder Dexamethason sowie Infusionstherapie. Die Dauer des Klinikaufenthaltes betrug im Durchschnitt 7,5 Tage. Sieben Pferde erholten sich laut Besitzerangaben vollständig, für 2 Pferde war keine Information erhältlich.Die WNV-Enzephalomyelitis muss in Mitteldeutschland seit 2018 als Differentialdiagnose von im Sommer und Spätsommer auftretenden akuten neurologischen Erkrankungen ungeimpfter Pferdes in Betracht gezogen werden. Die beschriebenen Symptome sowie das Ergebnis der Therapie sind weitgehend deckungsgleich mit Berichten aus Nordamerika und anderen europäischen Ländern.

We present a nanospectroscopic device platform allowing simple and spatially resolved thermoelectric detection of molecular fingerprints of soft materials. Our technique makes use of a locally generated thermal gradient converted into a thermoelectric photocurrent that is read out in the underlying device. The thermal gradient is generated by an illuminated atomic force microscope tip that localizes power absorption onto the sample surface. The detection principle is illustrated using a concept device that contains a nanostructured strip of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) defined by electron beam lithography. The platform’s capabilities are demonstrated through a comparison between the spectrum obtained by on-chip thermoelectric nanospectroscopy with a nano-FTIR spectrum recorded by scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy at the same position. The subwavelength spatial resolution is demonstrated by a spectral line scan across the edge of the PMMA layer., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Antiferromagnets offer spintronic device characteristics unparalleled in ferromagnets owing to their lack of stray fields, THz spin dynamics, and rich materials landscape. Microscopic imaging of antiferromagnetic domains is one of the key prerequisites for understanding physical principles of the device operation. However, adapting common magnetometry techniques to the dipolar-field-free antiferromagnets has been a major challenge. Here we demonstrate in a collinear antiferromagnet a thermoelectric detection method by combining the magneto-Seebeck effect with local heat gradients generated by scanning far-field or near-field techniques. In a 20-nm epilayer of uniaxial CuMnAs we observe reversible 180∘ switching of the Neel vector via domain wall displacement, controlled by the polarity of the current pulses. We also image polarity-dependent 90∘ switching of the Neel vector in a thicker biaxial film, and domain shattering induced at higher pulse amplitudes. The antiferromagnetic domain maps obtained by our laboratory technique are compared to measurements by the established synchrotron-based technique of x-ray photoemission electron microscopy using x-ray magnetic linear dichroism.

Quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) materials enjoy growing interest due to their unusual physical properties and promise for miniature electronic devices. However, the mechanical exfoliation of quasi-1D materials into thin flakes and nanoribbons received considerably less attention from researchers than the exfoliation of conventional layered crystals. In this study, we investigated the micromechanical exfoliation of representative quasi-1D crystals, TiS3 whiskers, and demonstrate that they typically split into narrow nanoribbons with very smooth, straight edges and clear signatures of 1D TiS3 chains. Theoretical calculations show that the energies required for breaking weak interactions between the two-dimensional (2D) layers and between 1D chains within the layers are comparable and, in turn, are considerably lower than those required for breaking the covalent bonds within the chains. We also emulated macroscopic exfoliation experiments on the nanoscale by applying a local shear force to TiS3 crystals in different crystallographic directions using a tip of an atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe. In the AFM experiments, it was possible to slide the 2D TiS3 layers relative to each other as well as to remove selected 1D chains from the layers. We systematically studied the exfoliated TiS3 crystals by Raman spectroscopy and identified the Raman peaks whose spectral positions were most dependent on the crystals' thickness. These results could be used to distinguish between TiS3 crystals with thickness ranging from one to about seven monolayers. The conclusions established in this study for the exfoliated TiS3 crystals can be extended to a variety of transition metal trichalcogenide materials as well as other quasi-1D crystals. The possibility of exfoliation of TiS3 into narrow (few-nm wide) crystals with smooth edges could be important for the future realization of miniature device channels with reduced edge scattering of charge carriers.

Die vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Aufgabe, die Primärstabilität dreier Hüftschaftprothesen mittels Erfassung von Mikrobewegungen zu ermitteln und diese miteinander zu vergleichen. Dabei kommen zwei klinisch bereits bewährte und eine neu entwickelte Prothese zum Einsatz. Die drei Prothesenschäfte, SBG Schaft der Firma Smith & Nephew, EcoFit und BethaLoc Schäfte der Firma Implantcast wurden zementfrei in 28 Kunstknochen inseriert und zeigen ein ähnliches Prothesendesign mit metaphysärer Verankerung auf. Die Mikrobewegungen an den jeweiligen proximalen, medianen und distalen Messpunkten wurden in 28 Testserien erfasst. Zur Messung kam ein System und eine Methode zum Einsatz, welche durch vorangegangenen Studien weiterentwickelt wurde und Mikrobewegungen über ein direkt mit dem Implantatschaft verbundenen Sensorsystem erfasst. Die angewendeten Prüfparameter mussten im Vorfeld festgelegt werden und orientierten sich an den in vivo Bedingungen, ermittelt von Bergmann et al. in Gehversuchen bis sechs Monaten nach Insertion. Um ein möglichst physiologisches Belastungsmuster einer Gehsimulation in den ersten postoperativen Tagen zu erzeugen, wurde die Belastung in einem Krafteinfallswinkel von 16 Grad von medial und 9 Grad von inferior in den Prothesenschaft eingeleitet. Man orientierte sich dabei an den Belastungen, welche bei einem 70 kg schweren Patienten, der auf ebenen Untergrund geht, auftreten. In vorliegender Studie wurden die Hüftschäfte dynamischen Belastungstests unterzogen, in denen es zu einer sinusartigen Krafteinleitung von 300N bis 1700N bei einer Frequenz von 1Hz für die Dauer von 100 Sekunden kam. Für alle getesteten Hüftschäfte lagen die gemessenen Mikrobewegungen deutlich unter dem kritischen Limit von 150 µm.

Advanced functional materials 2004767 (2020). doi:10.1002/adfm.202004767, Published by Wiley-VCH, Weinheim

Quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) materials enjoy growing interest due to their unusual physical properties and promise for miniature electronic devices. However, the mechanical exfoliation of quasi-1D materials into thin flakes and nanoribbons received considerably less attention from researchers than the exfoliation of conventional layered crystals. In this study, we investigated the micromechanical exfoliation of representative quasi-1D crystals, TiS

Infrared scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (IR s-SNOM) provides for spectroscopic imaging with nanometer spatial resolution, yet full spatio-spectral imaging is constrained by long measurement times. Here, we demonstrate the application of compressed sensing algorithms to achieve hyperspectral FTIR-based nano-imaging at an order of magnitude faster imaging speed to achieve the same spectral content compared to conventional approaches. At the example of the spectroscopy of a single vibrational resonance, we discuss the relationship of prior knowledge of sparseness of the employed Fourier base functions and sub-sampling. Compressed sensing nano-FTIR spectroscopy promises both rapid and sensitive chemical nano-imaging which is highly relevant in academic and industrial settings for fundamental and applied nano- and bio-materials research.

Synchrotron radiation-based nano-FTIR spectroscopy utilizes the highly brilliant and ultra-broadband infrared (IR) radiation provided by electron storage rings for the infrared spectroscopic characterization of samples at the nanoscale. In order to exploit the full potential of this approach we investigated the influence of the properties of the radiation source, such as the electron bunch shape and spectral bandwidth of the emitted radiation, on near-field infrared spectra of silicon-carbide (SiC). The adapted configuration of the storage ring optics enables a modification of the transverse electron bunch profile allowing an increase of the measured near-field signal amplitude. Additionally, the decay of the signal amplitude due to the decreasing storage ring current is also eliminated. Further options for improving the sensitivity of nano-FTIR spectroscopy, which can also be applied to other broadband radiation sources, are the adaption of the spectral bandwidth to the wavelength range of interest or the use of polarization optics. The sensitivity enhancement emerging from these options is verified by comparing near-field spectra collected from crystalline SiC samples. The improvement in sensitivity by combining these approaches is demonstrated by acquiring nano-FTIR spectra from thin organic films, which show weak resonances in the IR-regime.

We report on the tuning of the mid-infrared synchrotron radiation toward optimal conditions in nano-FTIR spectroscopy. The electron bunch shape and spectral bandwidth of the emitted radiation are adapted for both strong and temporally stable near-field signal amplitudes.

Nano-FTIR spectroscopy enables spectroscopic surface characterization at nanometer scale spatial resolution using a broadband infrared radiation source. We will report on the effect of spectral filtering to significantly enhance the sensitivity of this method.

Selective probing of dexamethasone in excised human skin using soft X-ray spectromicroscopy provides quantitative concentration profiles as well as two-dimensional drug distribution maps. Element- and site-selective excitation of dexamethasone at the oxygen K-edge with the lateral step width adjusted to 1 μm provides detailed information on the location of the drug in the different skin layers. The key of this work is to probe dexamethasone selectively at the carbonyl site (C3) by the O 1s → π* transition, providing also a most efficient way to quantify the drug concentration as a function of penetration depth in correlation with structural properties of the skin containing carboxyl and amide oxygen sites occurring at higher transition energy than dexamethasone. Following drug exposure for 4 h, the glucocorticoide is located in about equal amounts in the stratum corneum, the outermost horny layer of skin, and in the viable epidermis, whereas in the dermis no dexamethasone is detected. In the stratum corneum, most of the lipophilic drug is found in regions between corneocytes, where epidermal lipids are dominating.

KulturGut : aus der Forschung des Germanischen Nationalmuseums, Nr. 25 (2010): KulturGut : aus der Forschung des Germanischen Nationalmuseums, Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Jahr: 2004

[nicht vorhanden / not available]

KulturGut : aus der Forschung des Germanischen Nationalmuseums, Nr. 26 (2010): KulturGut : aus der Forschung des Germanischen Nationalmuseums, Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Jahr: 2004

We describe the application of scattering-type near-field optical microscopy to characterize various semiconducting materials using the electron storage ring Metrology Light Source (MLS) as a broadband synchrotron radiation source. For verifying high-resolution imaging and nano-FTIR spectroscopy we performed scans across nanoscale Si-based surface structures. The obtained results demonstrate that a spatial resolution below 40 nm can be achieved, despite the use of a radiation source with an extremely broad emission spectrum. This approach allows not only for the collection of optical information but also enables the acquisition of near-field spectral data in the mid-infrared range. The high sensitivity for spectroscopic material discrimination using synchrotron radiation is presented by recording near-field spectra from thin films composed of different materials used in semiconductor technology, such as SiO2, SiC, SixNy, and TiO2.

The photon-ion merged-beams technique has been employed at the new Photon-Ion spectrometer at PETRA III (PIPE) for measuring multiple photoionization of Xe$^{q+}$ (q=1-5) ions. Total ionization cross sections have been obtained on an absolute scale for the dominant ionization reactions of the type h\nu + Xe$^{q+}$ $\to$ Xe$^{r+}$ + (q-r) e$^-$ with product charge states q+2 $\le$ r $\le$ q+5. Prominent ionization features are observed in the photon-energy range 650-750 eV, which are associated with excitation or ionization of an inner-shell 3d electron. Single-configuration Dirac-Fock calculations agree quantitatively with the experimental cross sections for non-resonant photoabsorption, but fail to reproduce all details of the measured ionization resonance structures., Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures, submitted for publication to J. Phys. B

Journal of physics / Conference Series 488(14), 142006 (2014). doi:10.1088/1742-6596/488/14/142006, A photon-ion merged beam endstation has been set up at the variable polarization XUV-beamline P04 of PETRA III in Hamburg. In a commissioning experiment first results could be obtained for multiple photoionization of Xe$^{q+}$ ions (q = 1,2,..,5) at photon energies around the 3d ionization threshold., Published by IOP Publ., Bristol

Nanoscale plasmonic phenomena observed in single and bi-layers of molybdenum disulfide (MoS(2)) on silicon dioxide (SiO(2)) are reported. A scattering type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM) with a broadband synchrotron radiation (SR) infrared source was used. We also present complementary optical mapping using tunable CO(2)-laser radiation. Specifically, there is a correlation of the topography of well-defined MoS(2) islands grown by chemical vapor deposition, as determined by atomic force microscopy, with the infrared (IR) signature of MoS(2). The influence of MoS(2) islands on the SiO(2) phonon resonance is discussed. The results reveal the plasmonic character of the MoS(2) structures and their interaction with the SiO(2) phonons leading to an enhancement of the hybridized surface plasmon-phonon mode. A theoretical analysis shows that, in the case of monolayer islands, the coupling of the MoS(2) optical plasmon mode to the SiO(2) surface phonons does not affect the infrared spectrum significantly. For two-layer MoS(2), the coupling of the extra inter-plane acoustic plasmon mode with the SiO(2) surface transverse phonon leads to a remarkable increase of the surface phonon peak at 794 cm(-1). This is in agreement with the experimental data. These results show the capability of the s-SNOM technique to study local multiple excitations in complex non-homogeneous structures.