430 results on '"Geometría Computacional"'
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2. Càlcul de shortcuts òptims en xarxes geomètriques
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Silveira, Rodrigo Ignacio, Parada Muñoz, Irene María de, Pla Sanchis, Víctor, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Silveira, Rodrigo Ignacio, Parada Muñoz, Irene María de, and Pla Sanchis, Víctor
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Des de la dècada dels anys 60, els "Network Design Problems" (NDP) han estat un camp de recerca molt actiu amb aplicacions altament complexes en el disseny de xarxes. En aquest treball estudiarem un problema d'optimització de xarxes on treballarem amb xarxes geomètriques planars. Observarem com es comporten al afegir K dreceres, segments que afegim a la xarxa per disminuir el seu diàmetre. Els nostres resultats apunten als fonaments teòrics per millorar el diàmetre de les xarxes afegint-li dreceres., Since the 1960's, Network Design Problems (NDP) have been a very active area of research with applications in highly complex network design. In this work, we study a network optimization problem on planar geometric networks. We observe how the diameter of geometric paths behaves when adding K shortcuts, which are segments connecting any two points of the network. Our results aim to lay the theoretical foundations needed to improve these networks by adding shortcuts to them.
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- 2024
3. Defining metric-aware size-shape measures to validate and optimize curved high-order meshes
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Aparicio Estrems, Guillermo, Gargallo Peiró, Abel, Roca Navarro, Francisco Javier, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Aparicio Estrems, Guillermo, Gargallo Peiró, Abel, and Roca Navarro, Francisco Javier
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We define a regularized size-shape distortion (quality) measure for curved high-order elements on a Riemannian space. To this end, we measure the deviation of a given element, straight-sided or curved, from the stretching, alignment, and sizing determined by a target metric. The defined distortion (quality) is suitable to check the validity and the quality of straight-sided and curved elements on Riemannian spaces determined by constant and point-wise varying metrics. The examples illustrate that the distortion can be minimized to curve (deform) the elements of a given high-order (linear) mesh and try to match with curved (linear) elements the point-wise stretching, alignment, and sizing of a discrete target metric tensor. In addition, the resulting meshes simultaneously match the curved features of the target metric and boundary. Finally, to verify if the minimization of the metric-aware size-shape distortion leads to meshes approximating the target metric, we compute the Riemannian measures for the element edges, faces, and cells. The results show that, when compared to anisotropic straight-sided meshes, the Riemannian measures of the curved high-order mesh entities are closer to unit. Furthermore, the optimized meshes illustrate the potential of curved ¿-adaptation to improve the accuracy of a function representation., This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 715546. This work has also received funding from the Generalitat de Catalunya under grant number 2017 SGR 1731. The work of X. Roca has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad under the personal grant agreement RYC-2015-01633., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)
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- 2024
4. A globalized and preconditioned Newton-CG solver for metric-aware curved high-order mesh optimization
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental, Aparicio Estrems, Guillermo, Gargallo Peiró, Abel, Roca Navarro, Francisco Javier, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental, Aparicio Estrems, Guillermo, Gargallo Peiró, Abel, and Roca Navarro, Francisco Javier
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We present a specific-purpose globalized and preconditioned Newton-CG solver to minimize a metric-aware curved high-order mesh distortion. The solver is specially devised to optimize curved high-order meshes for high polynomial degrees with a target metric featuring non-uniform sizing, high stretching ratios, and curved alignment — exactly the features that stiffen the optimization problem. To this end, we consider two ingredients: a specific-purpose globalization and a specific-purpose Jacobi-iLDLT (0) preconditioning with varying accuracy and curvature tolerances (dynamic forcing terms) for the CG method. These improvements are critical in stiff problems because, without them, the large number of non-linear and linear iterations makes curved optimization impractical. First, to enhance the global convergence of the non-linear solver, the globalization strategy modifies Newton’s direction to a feasible step. In particular, our specific-purpose globalization strategy memorizes the length of the feasible step (step-length continuation) between the optimization iterations while ensuring sufficient decrease and progress. Second, to compute Newton’s direction in second-order optimization problems, we consider a conjugate-gradient iterative solver with specific-purpose preconditioning and dynamic forcing terms. To account for the metric stretching and alignment, the preconditioner uses specific orderings for the mesh nodes and the degrees of freedom. We also present a preconditioner switch between Jacobi and iLDLT (0) preconditioners to control the numerical ill-conditioning of the preconditioner. In addition, the dynamic forcing terms determine the required accuracy for the Newton direction approximation. Specifically, they control the residual tolerance and enforce sufficient positive curvature for the conjugate-gradients method. Finally, to analyze the performance of our method, the results compare the specific-purpose solver with standard optimization methods. For thi, This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 715546. This work has also received funding from the Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain under grant number 2017 SGR 1731. The work of X. Roca has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain under the personal grant agreement RYC-2015-01633., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)
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- 2024
5. Uso de entidades geométricas para el análisis de entidades geográficas en los Sistemas de Información Geográfica usando el modelado de datos orientado a objetos
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Marcos Fidel Espinoza Pereyra
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programación orientada a objetos ,geometría computacional ,topologías ,datos espaciales ,entidades geográficas ,abstracción de geometrías ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
El presente artículo propone una metodología (usando el modelado de datos orientado a objetos) en la utilización de entidades geométricas tales como Punto, Polilínea y Polígono de una manera abstracta con el fin de usar sus propiedades y algunas funciones para luego ser usados en los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (GIS en sus siglas en ingles) de una manera automatizada y entendible en la programación y/o automatización de algoritmos facilitando su aplicación para la representación de entidades geográficas. Al final del presente artículo se expondrán algunos ejemplos sencillos de la implementación de cada abstracción para su mejor entendimiento.
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- 2018
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6. Computational Geometry Contributions Applied to Additive Manufacturing
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Ruiz Salguero, Oscar Eduardo, Posada Velásquez, Jorge León, Montoya Zapata, Diego Alejandro, Ruiz Salguero, Oscar Eduardo, Posada Velásquez, Jorge León, and Montoya Zapata, Diego Alejandro
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This Doctoral Thesis develops novel articulations of Computation Geometry for applications on Additive Manufacturing, as follows: (1) Shape Optimization in Lattice Structures. Implementation and sensitivity analysis of the SIMP (Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization) topology optimization strategy. Implementation of a method to transform density maps, resulting from topology optimization, into surface lattice structures. Procedure to integrate material homogenization and Design of Experiments (DOE) to estimate the stress/strain response of large surface lattice domains. (2) Simulation of Laser Metal Deposition. Finite Element Method implementation of a 2D nonlinear thermal model of the Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) process considering temperaturedependent material properties, phase change and radiation. Finite Element Method implementation of a 2D linear transient thermal model for a metal substrate that is heated by the action of a laser. (3) Process Planning for Laser Metal Deposition. Implementation of a 2.5D path planning method for Laser Metal Deposition. Conceptualization of a workflow for the synthesis of the Reeb Graph for a solid region in ℝ" denoted by its Boundary Representation (B-Rep). Implementation of a voxel-based geometric simulator for LMD process. Conceptualization, implementation, and validation of a tool for the minimization of the material over-deposition at corners in LMD. Implementation of a 3D (non-planar) slicing and path planning method for the LMD-manufacturing of overhanging features in revolute workpieces. The aforementioned contributions have been screened by the international scientific community via Journal and Conference submissions and publications.
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- 2023
7. Two problems in computational geometry
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Seara Ojea, Carlos, Huemer, Clemens, Oliver Burwitz, Nicolau, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Seara Ojea, Carlos, Huemer, Clemens, and Oliver Burwitz, Nicolau
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En aquesta tesi s'estudien dos problemes del camp de la geometria computacional. El primer problema és: donat un set S de n punts en el pla en posició general, com de prop són quatre punts de S de ser cocirculars. Definim tres mesures per estudiar aquesta qüestió, la mesura de Tales, la mesura de Voronoi, i la mesura del Determinant. Presentem cotes per la mesura de Tales, i algoritmes per computar aquestes mesures de cocircularitat. També reduïm el problema de computar la cocircularitat emprant la mesura del Determinant al problema de 4SUM. El segon problema és: donat dos sets R i B de punts rojos i blaus respectivament, com computar la discrepància bicromàtica amb caixes i cercles. La discrepància bicromàtica és definida com la diferència entre el nombre de punts vermells i blaus que són a l'interior de la figura examinada. Presentem una comparativa entre algoritmes ja existents per les dues figures. També comparem la discrepància bicromàtica de caixes orientades en els eixos vs. d'orientació general. A més a més, també presentem un nou algoritme per la discrepància en esferes/discs per a altes dimensions, basat en literatura ja existent. També relacionem altres problemes en el tema de separabilitat amb algoritmes sensitius a l'output per la discrepància amb caixes., En esta tesis se estudian dos problemas del campo de la geometría computacional. El primer problema es: dado un set S de n puntos en el plan en posición general, como de cerca son cuatro puntos de S de ser cocirculares. Definimos tres medidas para estudiar esta cuestión, la medida de Tales, la medida de Voronoi, y la medida del Determinante. Presentamos cotas por la medida de Tales, y algoritmos para computar estas medidas de cocircularidad. También reducimos el problema de computar la cocircularidad usando la medida del Determinante al problema de 4SUM. El segundo problema es: dado dos sets R y B de puntos rojos y azules respectivamente, como computar la discrepancia bicromática con cajas y círculos. La discrepancia bicromática es definida como la diferencia entre el número de puntos rojos y azules que están en el interior de la figura examinada. Presentamos una comparativa entre algoritmos ya existentes por las dos figuras. También comparamos la discrepancia bicromática de cajas orientadas en los ejes vs. de orientación general. Además, también presentamos un nuevo algoritmo por la discrepancia en esferas/discos para altas dimensiones, basado en literatura ya existente. También relacionamos otros problemas en el tema de separabilidad con algoritmos sensitivos al output por la discrepancia con cajas., Two different problems belonging to computational geometry are studied in this thesis. The first problem studies: given a set S of n points in the plane in general position, how close are four points of S to being cocircular. We define three measures to study this question, the Thales, Voronoi and Determinant measures. We present bounds on the Thales almost-cocircularity measure over a point set. Algorithms for computing these measures of cocircularity are presented as well. We give a reduction from computing cocircularity using the Determinant measure to the 4SUM problem. The second problem studies: given two sets R and B of red and blue points respectively, how to compute the bichromatic discrepancy using boxes and circles. The bichromatic discrepancy is defined as the difference between the number of red points and blue points inside the shape. We present a comparison of algorithms in the existing literature for the two shapes. Bichromatic discrepancy in axis-parallel boxes .vs non-axis-parallel boxes is also compared. Furthermore, we also present a new algorithm for disk discrepancy in higher dimensions, based on existing literature. We also relate existing problems in separability with existing output sensitive algorithms for bichromatic discrepancy using boxes.
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- 2023
8. On polynomials associated to Voronoi diagrams of point sets and crossing numbers
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Matemàtica Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. DCCG - Discrete, Combinational, and Computational Geometry, Claverol Aguas, Mercè, Heras Parrilla, Andrea de las, Flores, David, Huemer, Clemens, Orden Martin, David, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Matemàtica Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. DCCG - Discrete, Combinational, and Computational Geometry, Claverol Aguas, Mercè, Heras Parrilla, Andrea de las, Flores, David, Huemer, Clemens, and Orden Martin, David
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Three polynomials are defined for sets S of n points in general position in the plane: The Voronoi polynomial with coefficients the numbers of vertices of the order-k Voronoi diagrams of S, the circle polynomial with coefficients the numbers of circles through three points of S enclosing k points, and the E=k polynomial with coefficients the numbers of (at most k)-edges of S. We present several formulas for the rectilinear crossing number of S in terms of these polynomials and their roots. We also prove that the roots of the Voronoi polynomial lie on the unit circle if and only if S is in convex position. Further, we present bounds on the location of the roots of these polynomials., Postprint (published version)
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- 2023
9. ALGORITMOS DE GEOMETRÍA COMPUTACIONAL EN EL DESPLIEGUE DE DISPOSITIVOS INALÁMBRICOS.
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Vázquez Huerta, Elena, González Gutiérrez, Arturo, Hernández Hernández, Fabiola, and González Gutiérrez, Fidel
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Copyright of Congreso Internacional de Investigacion Academia Journals is the property of PDHTech, LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2019
10. Matemáticas y competición política
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Javier Rodrigo Hitos
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Localización ,Teoría de Juegos ,Geometría Computacional ,Science ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
En este artículo se aplican técnicas de la Geometría Computacional a la resolución de problemas de competición política bipartidista.
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- 2016
11. Propuestas de solución para el cálculo de la métrica de cobertura en redes de sensores.
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Vázquez Huerta, Elena, González Gutiérrez, Arturo, González Gutiérrez, Fidel, and Díaz Delgado, Guillermo
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Copyright of Congreso Internacional de Investigacion Academia Journals is the property of PDHTech, LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2017
12. Despliegue de dispositivos inalámbricos usando diagramas de Voronoi.
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Vázquez Huerta, Ma. Elena, González Gutiérrez, Arturo, Hernández Hernández, Fabiola, and González Gutiérrez, Fidel
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Uno de los principales desafíos de las redes inalámbricas es poder brindar movilidad y conectividad a todos los usuarios de la red. Para el logro de la movilidad, hay que asegurar que todos los usuarios de la red reciben el servicio por parte de al menos uno de los puntos de acceso (AP) de la red; a esto se le llama cobertura. Evaluar la calidad en el servicio de una red inalámbrica depende en gran medida del porcentaje de cobertura de la red. Se aplica el algoritmo de Voronoi sobre un plano que corresponde al área de cobertura de una red inalámbrica, se toman como puntos cada A de la red y se considera el alcance de cobertura de los AP. El plano es divido en regiones de Voronoi. Las líneas de los segmentos de cada uno de las regiones en el diagrama de Voronoi maximizan la distancia entre los AP más cercanos de la red. En este artículo se hace una comparación entre las microceldas obtenidas del diseño de una red inalámbrica limitadas por el rango de cobertura de los AP instalados en la red y las regiones de Voronoi en la misma red inalámbrica. Esta comparación permite identificar la métrica de cobertura de la red y hacer una recomendación sobre el diseño de la red con el objetivo de lograr una mejor cobertura optimizando el número de dispositivos a utilizar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
13. Sobre expectiles, generalizaciones y algunas aplicaciones en análisis multivariante
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Ochoa Arellano, Maicol Jesús, Cascos Fernández, Ignacio, and UC3M. Departamento de Estadística
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Estadística matemática ,Geometría computacional ,Estadística ,Estadística univariante ,Análisis convexo - Abstract
El objetivo general del trabajo es construir nuevas funciones de profundidad, entendidas como el grado de centralidad de un punto respecto a una distribución multivariante, y sus respectivas regiones centrales. La utilidad de estas construcciones en el campo multivariante radica en que permiten construir un orden según el grado de centralidad que puede utilizarse para extender ciertas técnicas de estadística univariate que se basan en la relación de orden menor o igual. El trabajo está enmarcado en la Estadística Matemática, utiliza nociones y técnicas de Análisis Convexo, mientras que los algoritmos para calcular profundidades y regiones pueden ubicarse dentro de la Geometría Computacional. La tesis está dividida en cuatro partes claramente diferenciadas. En primer lugar un capítulo que contiene un marco teórico general, en el que se presentan de forma muy intuitiva las ideas de expectiles y funciones de profundidad, así como sus propiedades y algunas de las aplicaciones más conocidas. En segundo lugar un capítulo dedicado a la construcción de la profundidad expectílica, en el que, por la misma naturaleza de los expectiles, se logran formalizar algunos resultados de tipo asintótico, además de explotar la idea de regiones expectílicas en el ámbito del análisis descriptivo bivariado. Dado que, tal como se ilustra con datos simulados, las regiones expectílicas son sensibles a la presencia de datos extremos, nace el tercer capítulo, en el que se usa una familia de M-cuantiles distorsionados que generalizan inmediatamente a los expectiles. Las regiones asociadas a los M-cuantiles distorsionados son estudiadas desde el punto de vista analítico y geométrico, mostrando resaltando partcularmente la robustez frente a la presencia de outliers. Finalmente un capítulo donde se presenta la noción de regresión M-cuantílica de respuesta múltiple, a partir de la cual se logra construir una nueva familia de regiones centrales, llamadas regiones de regresión, que resultan ser una herramienta descriptiva de la distribución conjunta de las variables explicadas para un nivel dado del vector de regresores. Se muestra, además, cómo a partir de estas últimas regiones se puede obtener una nueva noción de profundidad, se analizan algunas de sus propiedades así como posibles aplicaciones en diferentes campos de estudio. Por último, se cierra el trabajo con la sección de conclusiones y algunas sugerencias para futuras investigaciones. Programa de Doctorado en Ingeniería Matemática por la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Presidente: Antonio Cuevas González.- Secretaria: Ana Arribas Gil.- Vocal: Alfonso Suárez Lloréns
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- 2022
14. Variacions de diagrames de persistència en classificació
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Roura i Cubí, Antonino, Casacuberta, Carles, and Ferrà Marcús, Aina
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Master's theses ,Homologia ,Treballs de fi de màster ,Geometria computacional ,Computational geometry ,Homology - Abstract
Treballs finals del Màster en Matemàtica Avançada, Facultat de Matemàtiques, Universitat de Barcelona: Curs: 2021-2022. Director: Carles Casacuberta i Aina Ferrà Marcús, [en] Topological Data analysis has been extensively used to solve point cloud classification problems; however, how to use TDA in classification of points in $\mathbb{R}^2$ has not been studied yet. In this work we use recently developed tools on the study of random persistence diagrams in order to deal with the classification of points in $\mathbb{R}^d$.
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- 2022
15. Compendium on Computational Geometry Application in Dimensional Assessment and Boundary Elements
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Ruiz Salguero, Oscar Eduardo, Correa Panesso, Jorge Eduardo, Rendón Cardona, Cristian Camilo, Ruiz Salguero, Oscar Eduardo, Correa Panesso, Jorge Eduardo, and Rendón Cardona, Cristian Camilo
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- 2022
16. Geometrical discretisations for unfitted finite elements on explicit boundary representations
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Enginyeria Civil, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ANiComp - Anàlisi numèrica i computació científica, Badia, Santiago, Martorell Pol, Pere Antoni, Verdugo Rojano, Francesc, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Enginyeria Civil, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ANiComp - Anàlisi numèrica i computació científica, Badia, Santiago, Martorell Pol, Pere Antoni, and Verdugo Rojano, Francesc
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Unfitted (also known as embedded or immersed) finite element approximations of partial differential equations are very attractive because they have much lower geometrical requirements than standard body-fitted formulations. These schemes do not require body-fitted unstructured mesh generation. In turn, the numerical integration becomes more involved, because one has to compute integrals on portions of cells (only the interior part). In practice, these methods are restricted to level-set (implicit) geometrical representations, which drastically limit their application. Complex geometries in industrial and scientific problems are usually determined by (explicit) boundary representations. In this work, we propose an automatic computational framework for the discretisation of partial differential equations on domains defined by oriented boundary meshes. The geometrical kernel that connects functional and geometry representations generates a two-level integration mesh and a refinement of the boundary mesh that enables the straightforward numerical integration of all the terms in unfitted finite elements. The proposed framework has been applied with success on all analysis-suitable oriented boundary meshes (almost 5,000) in the Thingi10K database and combined with an unfitted finite element formulation to discretise partial differential equations on the corresponding domains., This research was partially funded by the Australian Government through the Australian Research Council (project number DP210103092), the European Commission under the FET-HPC ExaQUte project (Grant agreement ID: 800898) within the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme and the project RTI2018- 096898-B-I00 from the “FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación – Agencia Estatal de Investigación”. F. Verdugo acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the “Severo Ochoa Programme for Centers of Excellence in R&D (CEX2018-000797-S)". P.A. Martorell aknowledges the support recieved from Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and Santander Bank through an FPI fellowship (FPI-UPC 2019). This work was also supported by computational resources provided by the Australian Government through NCI under the National Computational Merit Allocation Scheme., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)
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- 2022
17. Compendium of Publications on Computational Geometry Applications in Industry 4.0
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Ruiz Salguero, Oscar Eduardo, Moreno Guerrero, Aitor, Pareja Corcho, Juan Camilo, Posada Velásquez, Jorge León, Ruiz Salguero, Oscar Eduardo, Moreno Guerrero, Aitor, Pareja Corcho, Juan Camilo, and Posada Velásquez, Jorge León
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Computational modeling of porous and lattice materials is a topic that attracts the attention of ongoing research efforts. Industries such as product design, additive manufacturing, biomedicine, automotive and aerospace are environments in which porous and lattice materials are of special interest given their properties. Computer Aided Design (CAD) three-dimensional (3D) Models are nowadays ubiquitous in many engineering contexts: in the automotive industry, for instance, more than 30.000 different parts are needed for complete vehicle, and most of them have a 3D CAD representation. In this sense, the ability to inspect the topology and the geometry of a standard 3D CAD representation model (such as STEP) is of high importance. More particularly, feature recognition is a task where this model inspection is relevant for engineers and designers, since they can easily find features of interest that are related with specific tasks: optimization, planning of additional manufacturing processes, detection of design errors, etc. Gerotor pumps play an important role in the aerospace industry, specially in the processes of cooling, lubrication and fuel boost and transfer. The design process of gerotor pumps usually involves: i) a geometric modeling stage in a CAD environment, ii) a design verification stage using fluid mechanics simulations to validate the efficiency and other desired characteristics of the pump, and iii) a physical testing stage to verify the predicted characteristics of the pump in a real test bank once the design has been validated through a simulation tool. Digital Twins would allow a faster workflow for the design and testing of gerotor pumps. This work presents a compilation of different contributions to the problems stated in this introduction.
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- 2022
18. Some open problems on geometric separability
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Seara Ojea, Carlos, Oliver Burwitz, Nicolau, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Seara Ojea, Carlos, and Oliver Burwitz, Nicolau
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En aquest projecte hem considerat dos problemes oberts de separació de punts vermells i blaus en el pla, contextualitzats en el camp de la geometria computacional. Partint de resultats ja coneguts, hem estès i millorat els algoritmes, concretament per la separabilitat emprant 4 rectes paral·leles en tires monocromàtiques. I hem analitzat condicions suficients per a aquests criteris de separabilitat., In this project, we have tackled two open questions regarding the separability of red and blue points in the plane, from the framework of computational geometry. Building on existing results, we have extended and improved algorithms, specifically for the separability using 4 parallel lines that define monochromatic strips. Also, sufficient conditions to meet these separability criteria have been studied.
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- 2022
19. Teaching analytical geometry aided by computational geometry: a didactic sequence developed using geoGebra
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Hauenstein, Débora Marília and Ferreira, André Luis Andrejew
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GeoGebra ,Analytical Geometry ,Didactic Sequence ,Mathematics Education ,Geometria analítica ,Educação matemática ,CIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO [CNPQ] ,Sequência didática ,Geometria computacional - Abstract
Submitted by Leda Lopes (ledacplopes@hotmail.com) on 2022-09-23T14:23:39Z No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Débora_Marília_Hauenstein_Dissertação.pdf: 2024845 bytes, checksum: ca6e10191012bdc7bd1d7f896ca6a1b3 (MD5) Débora_Marília_Hauenstein_Produto.pdf: 997528 bytes, checksum: f67c9024874aa6517c3a2a7c4bba22b4 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2022-09-23T20:46:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Débora_Marília_Hauenstein_Dissertação.pdf: 2024845 bytes, checksum: ca6e10191012bdc7bd1d7f896ca6a1b3 (MD5) Débora_Marília_Hauenstein_Produto.pdf: 997528 bytes, checksum: f67c9024874aa6517c3a2a7c4bba22b4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-23T20:47:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Débora_Marília_Hauenstein_Dissertação.pdf: 2024845 bytes, checksum: ca6e10191012bdc7bd1d7f896ca6a1b3 (MD5) Débora_Marília_Hauenstein_Produto.pdf: 997528 bytes, checksum: f67c9024874aa6517c3a2a7c4bba22b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022-08-23 A presente pesquisa objetiva desenvolver, aplicar e analisar uma prática didática utilizando recursos da tecnologia da informação e comunicação, com auxílio do software GeoGebra e de tópicos da geometria computacional, para identificar elementos que possam contribuir para a melhoria dos índices de desempenho, e entendimento das dificuldades de aprendizagem, dos discentes matriculados na disciplina Geometria Analítica do Ensino Superior. O referencial teórico foi baseado na identificação de dificuldades de aprendizagem de estudantes em relação a conteúdos e em como as tecnologias educacionais poderiam contribuir para seu ensino, dando ênfase para recursos da geometria computacional e para experiências que usam o GeoGebra. A investigação é de cunho qualitativo, ancorada na pesquisa documental por meio de revisões bibliográficas que fundamentam as problemáticas de aprendizagem e as estratégias de ensino utilizadas na produção de uma sequência didática. Também realiza-se um estudo que envolve a aplicação desse produto com sujeitos de pesquisa do curso de graduação de Licenciatura em Matemática que estão cursando a disciplina Geometria Analítica em um Instituto Federal situado no Rio Grande do Sul. Na execução da pesquisa foram utilizados como instrumentos para coleta de dados listas de exercícios com questões discursivas e objetivas, além de construções elaboradas com o GeoGebra ao longo das aulas. Os resultados apontam um aumento na entrega de atividades dos estudantes e o despertar do interesse frente ao uso dos recursos computacionais em sala de aula. A prática apresenta indícios de que pode qualificar o processo de ensino dos conteúdos, tornando-o dinâmico e participativo para o estudante, proporcionando liberdade e pensamento crítico ao solucionar questões matemáticas da Geometria Analítica. Ao fim, indicamos alguns possíveis trabalhos futuros que podem dar continuidade ao estudo. The present research aims to develop, apply and analyze a didactic practice using information and communication technology resources, with the help of GeoGebra software and computational geometry topics, to identify elements that can contribute to the improvement of performance indices, and understanding of the learning difficulties, of students enrolled in the discipline Analytical Geometry of Higher Education. The theoretical framework was based on the identification of students' learning difficulties in relation to content and on how educational technologies could contribute to their teaching, emphasizing computational geometry resources and experiences using GeoGebra. The investigation is of a qualitative nature, anchored in documental research through bibliographic reviews that support the learning issues and teaching strategies used in the production of a didactic sequence. A study is also carried out that involves the application of this product with research subjects from the Mathematics Degree course who are studying Analytical Geometry at a Federal Institute located in Rio Grande do Sul. In carrying out the research, lists of exercises with discursive and objective questions were used as instruments for data collection, as well as constructions developed with GeoGebra throughout the classes. The results point to an increase in the delivery of student activities and the awakening of interest in the use of computing resources in the classroom. The practice shows evidence that it can qualify the content teaching process, making it dynamic and participatory for the student, providing freedom and critical thinking when solving mathematical issues of Analytical Geometry. At the end, we indicate some possible future works that can continue the study.
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- 2022
20. Some open problems on geometric separability
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Oliver Burwitz, Nicolau, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, and Seara Ojea, Carlos
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geometric separability ,separabilitat lineal ,linear separability ,separabilitat geomètrica ,Computational geometry ,Geometria computacional ,Informàtica::Informàtica teòrica::Algorísmica i teoria de la complexitat [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] - Abstract
En aquest projecte hem considerat dos problemes oberts de separació de punts vermells i blaus en el pla, contextualitzats en el camp de la geometria computacional. Partint de resultats ja coneguts, hem estès i millorat els algoritmes, concretament per la separabilitat emprant 4 rectes paral·leles en tires monocromàtiques. I hem analitzat condicions suficients per a aquests criteris de separabilitat. In this project, we have tackled two open questions regarding the separability of red and blue points in the plane, from the framework of computational geometry. Building on existing results, we have extended and improved algorithms, specifically for the separability using 4 parallel lines that define monochromatic strips. Also, sufficient conditions to meet these separability criteria have been studied.
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- 2022
21. Ron Resch. Patrones de doblado. El diseño topológico desde la geometría computarizada
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Fernando G. Pino
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Engineering drawing ,ron resch ,patrón de doblado ,Visual Arts and Performing Arts ,josef albers ,Computer science ,sistemas topológicos ,Computational scientist ,sistemas geométricos ,greg lynn ,diseño paramétrico ,Plan (drawing) ,doblez y geometría ,sistemas combinatorios ,Computational geometry ,Urban Studies ,Parametric design ,teselación ,Development (topology) ,geometría computacional ,Architecture ,lcsh:Architecture ,Projective test ,lcsh:NA1-9428 - Abstract
El doblez proyectado es indisoluble de la geometría que lo hace posible. Para establecer un claro control sobre el doblez es necesario realizar un documento proyectivo, un plano. Es por eso que los asuntos ligados a la geometría y al control matemático de los patrones de doblado han sido siempre fundamentales en la construcción de este tipo de diseños. Nos acercamos aquí a uno de los principales referentes y precursores sobre el estudio y desarrollo de los patrones de doblado para fines volumétricos, Ron Resch. Se trata de un desconocido artista y científico computacional norteamericano cuyo trabajo se menciona de modo repetido cuando se habla de arquitectos contemporáneos como Greg Lynn, quien ha aplicado también el uso del ordenador como herramienta de control y desarrollo geométrico. Para situar el momento, veremos el trabajo didáctico de Josef Albers y su manera de “abrir los ojos” mediante la experiencia con la manipulación restringida de la materia. El trabajo de Ron Resch establece una manera científica de aproximarse al problema y de aplicar las por aquel entonces incipientes herramientas computacionales, como son la elaboración de modelos 3D o la utilización de maquinaria CNC para el corte o el marcado. Los sistemas topológicos de Resch son en gran medida el origen de lo que hoy es el diseño paramétrico y la arquitectura de desarrollo con ordenadores.
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- 2020
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22. Algoritmos de geometría computacional en redes inalámbricas de sensores.
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Vázquez Huerta, Elena, González Gutiérrez, Fidel, González Gutiérrez, Arturo, and Díaz Delgado, Guillermo
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Copyright of Congreso Internacional de Investigacion Academia Journals is the property of PDHTech, LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2016
23. Política y Geometría
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Isabel Lillo Villalobos, Sagrario Lantarón Sánchez, and Mª Dolores López González
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Geometría Computacional ,Competición Política ,Algoritmos de búsqueda. ,Science ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
En este trabajo se aplican conceptos matemáticos al planteamiento deun problema de competición política. Se desarrolla y se implementaademás un método que usa herramientas relacionadas con la geometríacomputacional para la resolución de dicho problema, probándose dicho método en un ejemplo basado en la política española.
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- 2011
24. Coverage area maximization with Parallel Simulated Annealing
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Narcís Coll, Marta Fort, and Moisès Saus
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Matemàtica aplicada ,Algorismes paral·lels ,Artificial Intelligence ,Parallel algorithms ,General Engineering ,Applied mathematics ,Geometria computacional ,Computational geometry ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
This study provides a system that determines where to locate 𝑘 disks-like services of radius 𝑟 so that they globally cover as much as possible a region of demand. It is an NP-hard problem with notorious applications in the facility location field when locating multiple warning sirens, cellular towers, radio stations, or pollution sensors covering as much area as possible of a city or geographical region. The region of demand is assumed to be delimited by a general polygonal domain, and the resolution strategy relies on a parallel simulated annealing optimization technique based on a suitable perturbation strategy and a probabilistic estimation of the area of the polygonal region covered by the 𝑘 disks in 𝑂(𝑘2) time. The system provides a good enough location for the disks starting from an arbitrary initial solution with very reasonable running times. The proposal is experimentally tested by visualizing the solutions, analyzing and contrasting their quality, and studying the computational efficiency of the entire strategy Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Elsevier
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- 2022
25. Computational Geometry Contributions Applied to Additive Manufacturing
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Montoya Zapata, Diego Alejandro, Ruiz Salguero, Oscar Eduardo, and Posada Velásquez, Jorge León
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Impresión 3D ,Additive manufacturing ,GEOMETRÍA ,Geometría computacional ,3D printing ,LASERS - APLICACIONES INDUSTRIALES ,ARMADURAS ESTRUCTURALES ,Computational geometry ,Fabricación aditiva - Abstract
This Doctoral Thesis develops novel articulations of Computation Geometry for applications on Additive Manufacturing, as follows: (1) Shape Optimization in Lattice Structures. Implementation and sensitivity analysis of the SIMP (Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization) topology optimization strategy. Implementation of a method to transform density maps, resulting from topology optimization, into surface lattice structures. Procedure to integrate material homogenization and Design of Experiments (DOE) to estimate the stress/strain response of large surface lattice domains. (2) Simulation of Laser Metal Deposition. Finite Element Method implementation of a 2D nonlinear thermal model of the Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) process considering temperaturedependent material properties, phase change and radiation. Finite Element Method implementation of a 2D linear transient thermal model for a metal substrate that is heated by the action of a laser. (3) Process Planning for Laser Metal Deposition. Implementation of a 2.5D path planning method for Laser Metal Deposition. Conceptualization of a workflow for the synthesis of the Reeb Graph for a solid region in ℝ" denoted by its Boundary Representation (B-Rep). Implementation of a voxel-based geometric simulator for LMD process. Conceptualization, implementation, and validation of a tool for the minimization of the material over-deposition at corners in LMD. Implementation of a 3D (non-planar) slicing and path planning method for the LMD-manufacturing of overhanging features in revolute workpieces. The aforementioned contributions have been screened by the international scientific community via Journal and Conference submissions and publications.
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- 2022
26. Improved reconstruction of random geometric graphs
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Dani, Varsha, Díaz, Josep, Hayes, Thomas P., Moore, Cristopher, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciències de la Computació, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ALBCOM - Algorísmia, Bioinformàtica, Complexitat i Mètodes Formals
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Reconstruction algorithm ,Informàtica::Informàtica teòrica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,distances in RGG ,Theory of computation → Randomness, geometry and discrete structures ,3 dimensional sphere ,d-dimensional hypercube ,Distances in RGG ,Computational geometry ,Geometria computacional - Abstract
Embedding graphs in a geographical or latent space, i.e. inferring locations for vertices in Euclidean space or on a smooth manifold or submanifold, is a common task in network analysis, statistical inference, and graph visualization. We consider the classic model of random geometric graphs where n points are scattered uniformly in a square of area n, and two points have an edge between them if and only if their Euclidean distance is less than r. The reconstruction problem then consists of inferring the vertex positions, up to the symmetries of the square, given only the adjacency matrix of the resulting graph. We give an algorithm that, if r = n^α for α > 0, with high probability reconstructs the vertex positions with a maximum error of O(n^β) where β = 1/2-(4/3)α, until α ≥ 3/8 where β = 0 and the error becomes O(√{log n}). This improves over earlier results, which were unable to reconstruct with error less than r. Our method estimates Euclidean distances using a hybrid of graph distances and short-range estimates based on the number of common neighbors. We extend our results to the surface of the sphere in ℝ³ and to hypercubes in any constant dimension., LIPIcs, Vol. 229, 49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022), pages 48:1-48:17
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- 2022
27. An application of the Mapper algorithm to resynchronization in a model of non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy
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Guich Estévez, Joan, Casacuberta, Carles, and Ferrà Marcús, Aina
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Bachelor's thesis ,Medical statistics ,Teoria de l'homotopia ,Homotopy theory ,Bachelor's theses ,Homologia ,Treballs de fi de grau ,Topologia algebraica ,Estadística mèdica ,Algebraic topology ,Geometria computacional ,Computational geometry ,Homology - Abstract
Treballs Finals de Grau de Matemàtiques, Facultat de Matemàtiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Any: 2022, Director: Carles Casacuberta i Aina Ferrà Marcús, [en] Mapper is one of the principal tools in topological data analysis (TDA) that enables studying topological features of high-dimensional datasets. Many studies from different fields, such as medicine and sports, have recently applied the Mapper algorithm to extract outstanding information from data. In this work, our goal is to substantiate the conclusions from Comparison between endocardial and epicardial cardiac resynchronization in an experimental model of nonischaemic cardiomyopathy study. In particular, we look for the optimal heart region where cardiac resynchronisation therapy offers a better result. Even though the core of the study is practical, we also profoundly study the theory behind the Mapper algorithm and the statistical methods we apply throughout the process.
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- 2022
28. Problems and applications of Discrete and Computational Geometry concerning graphs, polygons, and points in the plane
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Martínez Moraian, Alejandra, Orden Martín, David, Marsá Maestre, Iván, Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Física y Matemáticas, and Universidad de Alcalá. Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias
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Geometría discreta ,Physics ,Análisis de datos ,Geometría computacional ,Física ,Geometría combinatoria - Abstract
Esta tesis trata sobre varios problemas en el área de la geometría discreta y computacional, relacionados con grafos, polígonos y conjuntos de puntos en el plano. La tesis ha sido realizada mediante el compendio de cuatro artículos publicados en revistas. Tras un capítulo introductorio, el capítulo 2 trata sobre el problema del cálculo del núcleo de un polígono llevado al ámbito de la geometría con orientaciones restringidas. En particular, obtenemos un algoritmo para calcular y mantener el O-núcleo de un polígono conforme el conjunto de orientaciones O rota. Este algoritmo proporciona, además, los ángulos de rotación para los que el área y el perímetro del O-núcleo son máximos. En el capítulo 3, estudiamos una versión bicromática de un problema clásico de geometría combinatoria: Dado un conjunto de puntos en ¿¿ el plano, existen dos puntos tal que todos los círculos que los tienen en su frontera contienen en su interior al menos ¿¿(1 ¿ 1/¿2) ¿ ¿¿(¿¿) otros puntos del conjunto. Este problema combinatorio está fuertemente ligado a los diagramas de Voronoi de orden superior del conjunto de puntos. En los capítulos 4 y 5, planteamos dos aplicaciones de la teoría de grafos al análisis sensorial y al control del tráfico aéreo, respectivamente. En el primer caso, proponemos un método que utiliza técnicas geométricas para analizar las opiniones de los consumidores recogidas con mapeo proyectivo. En el segundo, utilizamos la técnica del espectro-coloreado de grafos para plantear un modelo del tráfico aéreo que pretende optimizar el consumo de combustible de los aviones al mismo tiempo que se evitan colisiones entre ellos., This thesis deals with problems and applications of discrete and computational geometry in the plane, concerning polygons, point sets, and graphs. After a first introductory chapter, in Chapter 2 we study a generalization of a famous visibility problem in the framework of O-convexity. Given a set of orientations (angles) O, we say that a curve is O-convex if its intersection with any line parallel to an orientation in O is connected. When O = {0◦, 90◦}, we find ourselves in the case of orthoconvexity, considered of special relevance. The O-kernel of a polygon is the subset of points of the polygon that can be connected to any other point of the polygon with an O-convex curve. In this work we obtain, for O = {0◦} and O = {0◦, 90◦}, an algorithm to compute and maintain the O-kernel of a polygon as the set of orientations O rotates. This algorithm also provides the angles of rotation that maximize the area and perimeter of the O-kernel. In Chapter 3, we consider a bichromatic version of a combinatorial problem posed by Neumann-Lara and Urrutia. Specifically, we prove that every set of n blue and n red points in the plane contains a bichromatic pair of points such that every circle having them on its boundary contains at least n(1 − √12) − o(n) points of the set in its interior. This problem is closely related to obtaining the higher order Voronoi diagrams of the point set. The edges of these diagrams contain, precisely, all the centers of the circles that pass through two points of the set. Therefore, our current line of research on this problem consists on exploring this connection by studying in detail the properties of higher order Voronoi diagrams. In Chapters 4 and 5, we consider two applications of graph theory to sensory analysis and air traffic management, respectively. In the first case, we introduce a new method which combines geometric and statistical techniques to analyze consumer opinions, collected through projective mapping. This method is a variation of the method SensoGraph. It aims to capture the essence of projective mapping by computing the Ecuclidean distances between pairs of samples and normalizing them to the interval [0, 1]. We apply the method to a real-life scenario and compare its performance with the performance of classic methods of sensory analysis over the same data set. In the second case, we use the Spectrum Graph Coloring technique to propose a model for air traffic management that aims to optimize the amount of fuel used by the airplanes, while avoiding collisions between them.
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- 2022
29. Problemas geométricos de decomposição
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Barboza, Allan Sapucaia, 1992, Rezende, Pedro Jussieu de, 1955, Souza, Cid Carvalho de, 1963, Cunha, Alexandre Salles da, Wakabayashi, Yoshiko, Schouery, Rafael Crivellari Saliba, Pedrosa, Lehilton Lelis Chaves, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Computação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
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Integer linear programming ,Método de decomposição ,Programação linear inteira ,Decomposition method ,Geometria computacional ,Computational geometry - Abstract
Orientadores: Pedro Jussieu de Rezende, Cid Carvalho de Souza Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação Resumo: Problemas de decomposição, que incluem particionamento, cobertura e empacotamento, constituem um assunto central em Pesquisa Operacional. Estudamos variações geométricas NP-difíceis desses problemas no plano e apresentamos modelos de programação linear inteira (PLI) e heurísticas para eles. Lançamos também as bases para mais investigações com novos algoritmos e estruturas de dados, juntamente com benchmarks disponibilizados publicamente. Em primeiro lugar, estudamos o Problema da Partição Convexa Mínima de Conjuntos de Pontos, cujo objetivo é particionar a envoltória convexa de um conjunto de pontos P em um número mínimo de polígonos convexos vazios (sem pontos de P em seu interior) com vértices em P. Propomos um modelo PLI baseado em grafos e outro baseado em arranjos. Para o segundo modelo, fornecemos uma implementação eficiente utilizando geração de colunas, juntamente com heurísticas, pré-processamento e regras de ramificação geométricas. Identificamos um pequeno subconjunto de faces do arranjo, ou seja, restrições, suficientes para expressar o modelo, bem como uma estrutura de dados que permite consultas rápidas sobre somas de variáveis duais associadas a elas. Em segundo lugar, investigamos a Quadrangulação Convexa de Conjuntos de Pontos Bicromáticos com Inversões Mínimas. Nesse problema, dado um conjunto de pontos bicromático P, pede-se para encontrar o número mínimo de inversões de cores que permite que a envoltória convexa de P seja particionada em quadriláteros convexos vazios com vértices em P e cujas arestas têm extremidades de cores diferentes. Introduzimos um modelo PLI baseado em grafos e outro baseado em arranjos. O segundo modelo é uma nova abordagem que nos permite expressar coloração e particionamento do espaço como um modelo compacto de particionamento. Usamos esse modelo para derivar heurísticas análogas a abordagens de emparelhamento da literatura. Em terceiro lugar, estudamos o problema da Coesão em que, dado um conjunto de pontos bicromático P, busca-se particioná-lo usando polígonos convexos maximizando a diferença mínima no número de pontos de cada cor cobertos por cada polígono. Descrevemos um modelo PLI com número exponencial de variáveis que é eficientemente implementado usando geração de colunas. A combinação da relaxação desse modelo com uma heurística da literatura produz um algoritmo iterativo de pré-processamento polinomial. Esse algoritmo foi capaz de resolver otimamente grande parte do nosso benchmark. Finalmente, estudamos um problema de cobertura inspirado em redes sem fio, chamado de Cobertura Mínima 3-Colorível por Discos Unitários. Neste problema, dado um conjunto de pontos P e um conjunto D de discos de mesmo raio, deseja-se encontrar uma cobertura mínima de P selecionando um subconjunto de D que pode ser colorido com até 3 cores. Descrevemos um modelo PLI e mostramos como ele pode ser estendido e implementado iterativamente usando Decomposição de Benders Baseada em Lógica. Essa decomposição tem um problema mestre de cobertura e um subproblema de 3-coloração. Provamos que a solução da primeira iteração usa no máximo 18 vezes o menor número de cores dentre todas as coberturas de P por D. Também apresentamos algoritmos geométricos e baseados em resultados de teoria de grafos para obter cortes mais fortes, reduzindo significativamente o tempo de execução Abstract: Decomposition problems, which include set-partition, set-cover and set-packing, constitute a core subject in Operations Research. We study NP-hard planar geometric variants of these problems and present integer linear programming (ILP) models and heuristics for them. We also lay the groundwork for further investigations with novel algorithms, data structures, and publicly available benchmarks. Firstly, we study the Minimum Convex Partition of Point Sets, where the goal is to partition the convex hull of a point set P into a minimum number of empty (with no points of P in their interior) convex polygons whose vertex set is P. We propose a graph-based and an arrangement-based ILP model for this problem. For the arrangement-based model, we provide an efficient column generation implementation, together with heuristics, preprocessing and geometry-based branching rules. We identify a small subset of faces of the arrangement, i.e., constraints, that suffice to express the model, as well as a data structure that enables fast queries on sums of dual variables associated to them. Secondly, we investigate the Convex Quadrangulation of Bichromatic Point Sets with Minimum Flips. In this problem, given a bichromatic point set P, one is asked to find the minimum number of color flips that allows the convex hull of P to be partitioned into empty convex quadrangles whose vertex set is P, and whose edges have endpoints of different colors. We introduce a graph-based and an arrangement-based ILP model for this problem. The second model is a novel approach that allows us to express coloring and space partitioning as a compact set-partition model. We use this model to derive heuristics analogue to matching approaches from the literature. Thirdly, we study the Coarseness problem where, given a bichromatic point set P, one seeks to partition P using convex polygons while maximizing the minimum difference between the number of points of each color covered by each polygon. We describe an ILP model with an exponential number of variables that is efficiently implemented using column generation. We combine the relaxation of this model with a heuristic from the literature leading to a polynomial-time iterative preprocessing algorithm. This algorithm solved to proven optimality a large portion of our benchmark. Lastly, we investigated a wireless network inspired set cover problem, called Minimum 3-Colorable Discrete Unit Disk Cover, where, given a point set P and a set D of disks of the same radius, one is asked to find a minimum cover for the points of P using a subset of D that can be colored with at most 3 colors. We describe an ILP model and show how it can be extended and implemented iteratively using Logic-based Benders Decomposition. This decomposition has a set-cover master problem and a 3-coloring subproblem. We prove that the solution of its first iteration uses at most 18 times the minimum number of colors from among all covers of P that use disks in D. We also present graph-theoretical and geometric algorithms to derive stronger cuts that significantly reduce the running time Doutorado Ciência da Computação Doutor em Ciência da Computação FAPESP 2018/14883-5
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- 2022
30. Diseño de estructuras desplegables con barras rectas articuladas
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Avellaneda, O. F. and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Representació Arquitectònica
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Estructuras desplegables ,Geometría avanzada ,Structural design ,Geometry ,Disseny d'estructures ,Edificació::Elements constructius d'edificis::Elements estructurals d'edificis [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Diseño paramétrico ,Geometria computacional ,Estructuras ligeras - Abstract
El presente artículo describe el desarrollo de estructuras desplegables, presentando un caso de estudio realizado como prototipo a escala real, apoyado en el diseño computacional y la fabricación digital: el Pabellón Vértex en el campus de la universidad de Monterrey, Méjico. Para la construcción del mismo se han utilizado principalmente barras de madera, tubos de PVC y cubiertas textiles. El caso de estudio presentado es uno de los realizados en el marco de la investigación y tesis doctoral de Omar Avellaneda, miembro y co-fundador del grupo de investigación SMiA.
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- 2021
31. On maximum-sum matchings of points
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. DCG - Discrete and Combinatorial Geometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CGA - Computational Geometry and Applications, Bereg, Sergey, Chacón Rivera, Oscar, Flores Peñaloza, David, Huemer, Clemens, Pérez Lantero, Pablo, Seara Ojea, Carlos, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. DCG - Discrete and Combinatorial Geometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CGA - Computational Geometry and Applications, Bereg, Sergey, Chacón Rivera, Oscar, Flores Peñaloza, David, Huemer, Clemens, Pérez Lantero, Pablo, and Seara Ojea, Carlos
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Huemer et al. (Discrete Math., 2019) proved that for any two point sets R and B with |R| = |B|, the perfect matching that matches points of R with points of B, and maximizes the total squared Euclidean distance of the matched pairs, has the property that all the disks induced by the matching have a common point. In this work we study the perfect matching that maximizes the total Euclidean distance. First, we prove that this setting does not always ensure the common intersection property of the disks. Second, we extend the study for sets of 2n uncolored points. As the main result, we prove that in this case all disks of the matching do have a common point., Postprint (published version)
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- 2021
32. Algorithmic geometry with infinite time computation
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Enginyeria Telemàtica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. DCG - Discrete and Combinatorial Geometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CGA - Computational Geometry and Applications, Huemer, Clemens, Muller, Moritz Martin, Seara Ojea, Carlos, Tobar Nicolau, Adrián, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Enginyeria Telemàtica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. DCG - Discrete and Combinatorial Geometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CGA - Computational Geometry and Applications, Huemer, Clemens, Muller, Moritz Martin, Seara Ojea, Carlos, and Tobar Nicolau, Adrián
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Postprint (published version)
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- 2021
33. The edge labeling of higher order Voronoi diagrams
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CGA - Computational Geometry and Applications, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. DCG - Discrete and Combinatorial Geometry, Claverol Aguas, Mercè, de las Heras Parrilla, Andrea, Huemer, Clemens, Martínez Moraian, Alejandra, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CGA - Computational Geometry and Applications, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. DCG - Discrete and Combinatorial Geometry, Claverol Aguas, Mercè, de las Heras Parrilla, Andrea, Huemer, Clemens, and Martínez Moraian, Alejandra
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We present an edge labeling of order-k Voronoi diagrams, Vk(S), of point sets S in the plane, and study properties of the regions defined by them. Among them, we show that Vk(S) has a small orientable cycle and path double cover, and we identify configurations that cannot appear in V3(S)., Postprint (published version)
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- 2021
34. Zipf’s laws of meaning in Catalan
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Institut de Ciències de l'Educació, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GPLN - Grup de Processament del Llenguatge Natural, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LARCA - Laboratori d'Algorísmia Relacional, Complexitat i Aprenentatge, Catala Roig, Neus, Baixeries i Juvillà, Jaume, Ferrer Cancho, Ramon, Padró, Lluís, Hernández Fernández, Antonio, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Institut de Ciències de l'Educació, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GPLN - Grup de Processament del Llenguatge Natural, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LARCA - Laboratori d'Algorísmia Relacional, Complexitat i Aprenentatge, Catala Roig, Neus, Baixeries i Juvillà, Jaume, Ferrer Cancho, Ramon, Padró, Lluís, and Hernández Fernández, Antonio
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In his pioneering research, G. K. Zipf formulated a couple of statistical laws on the relationship between the frequency of a word with its number of meanings: the law of meaning distribution, relating the frequency of a word and its frequency rank, and the meaning-frequency law, relating the frequency of a word with its number of meanings. Although these laws were formulated more than half a century ago, they have been only investigated in a few languages. Here we present the first study of these laws in Catalan. We verify these laws in Catalan via the relationship among their exponents and that of the rank-frequency law. We present a new protocol for the analysis of these Zipfian laws that can be extended to other languages. We report the first evidence of two marked regimes for these laws in written language and speech, paralleling the two regimes in Zipf’s rank-frequency law in large multi-author corpora discovered in early 2000s. Finally, the implications of these two regimes will be discussed., Postprint (published version)
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- 2021
35. Diseño de estructuras desplegables con barras rectas articuladas
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Representació Arquitectònica, Avellaneda, O. F., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Representació Arquitectònica, and Avellaneda, O. F.
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El presente artículo describe el desarrollo de estructuras desplegables, presentando un caso de estudio realizado como prototipo a escala real, apoyado en el diseño computacional y la fabricación digital: el Pabellón Vértex en el campus de la universidad de Monterrey, Méjico. Para la construcción del mismo se han utilizado principalmente barras de madera, tubos de PVC y cubiertas textiles. El caso de estudio presentado es uno de los realizados en el marco de la investigación y tesis doctoral de Omar Avellaneda, miembro y co-fundador del grupo de investigación SMiA., Postprint (published version)
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- 2021
36. Quantificació, optimització i causalitat de l’espai en el futbol
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Guillén i Estany, Montserrat, Martínez Pla, Xavier, Guillén i Estany, Montserrat, and Martínez Pla, Xavier
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El futbol és un dels esports més aleatoris. Un gol succeeix poques vegades durant els noranta minuts d’un partit, la qual cosa fa que l’atzar estigui present en el resultat final. A més, segons Johan Cruyff un jugador sols té la pilota uns tres/cinc minuts en el transcurs del partit. Com a conseqüència, és important quantificar el rendiment d’un equip independentment del resultat i també el rendiment d’un jugador quan no disposa de la pilota. Per tal d’assolir aquest objectiu, en aquest treball final de grau es presenta un algorisme que quantifica una part del rendiment, l’espai generat en fase ofensiva durant el partit, aquest espai es pot diferenciar tant per jugadors com per parts del camp. A partir d’aquest indicador es pot avaluar el posicionament d’un equip durant el partit, a més identificar bons i mals moments. També es pot identificar aquells jugadors que no s’han ubicat de forma correcta i per tant han generat menys perill. A partir de la diferenciació de l’espai en zones del camp completat amb un mapa de calor, es pot veure en quines s’ha disposat de més espai i si ha estat o no utilitzat. Els dos avantatges principals del mètode que es presenta en el treball són: 1. L’alta eficiència computacional del mètode, la qual cosa permet que sigui interactiu. 2. Proporciona informació sobre tots els jugadors que estan en el camp, independentment de si tenen o no la pilota. Tot i que l’enfocament de l’algorisme ha estat dissenyat com a mesura ofensiva, també es podria aplicar com a mesura defensiva, per identificar els defenses que han minimitzat els espais rivals.
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- 2021
37. On (a, k)-sets and (a, k)-hulls in the plane
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CGA - Computational Geometry and Applications, Claverol Aguas, Mercè, Herrera Becerra, Luís Hernán, Seara Ojea, Carlos, Pérez Lantero, Pablo, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CGA - Computational Geometry and Applications, Claverol Aguas, Mercè, Herrera Becerra, Luís Hernán, Seara Ojea, Carlos, and Pérez Lantero, Pablo
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This abstract reports first the study of upper and lower bounds for the maximum number of all the combinatorially different (a, k)-sets of an n-point set P in the plane, 0 < a = p and 0 < 2k < n, depending on the (fixed/variable) values of a and k, relating them with the known bounds for the maximum number of k-sets: the O(nv3k) upper bound from Dey [5] and the ne¿(vlogk) lower bound from T´oth [7]; and showing also efficient algorithms for generating all of them. Second we study the depth of a point p ¿ P according to the (a, k)-set criterion (instead of the k-set criterion). We compute the depths of all the points of P for a given angle a, and also esign a data structuredfor reporting the angle-interval(s) of a given depth for a point of P in O(log n) time (if it exists). Finally, we define the (a, k)-hull of P for fixed values of a and k, and design an algorithm for computing the (a, k)-hull of P for given values of a and k. To do that, we follow the relevant ideas and techniques from Cole et al. [4]. Unfortunately, the algorithm is still no so efficient as we wish, and we believe that their complexities strong depends on the fixed values for the parameters a and k; more concretely, as a is closer to p the time complexity is close to the optimal., Postprint (published version)
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- 2021
38. Amueblado de propiedades en 3D
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Chica Calaf, Antonio, Marfil Sanchez, Fernando, Jiménez, Sergi, Ramos Refusta, Joan Manuel, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Chica Calaf, Antonio, Marfil Sanchez, Fernando, Jiménez, Sergi, and Ramos Refusta, Joan Manuel
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Floorfy es una de las empresas que se dedica a realizar renders tridimensionales de hogares para inmobiliarias. Estos renders se les llama tours virtuales. Este servicio tiene muchas ventajas y facilidades para el usuario. Floorfy cuenta conmigo para realizar un nuevo aplicativo dentro de estos tours virtuales que se basa en amueblar un inmueble mediante modelos tridimensionales, a demás de la posibilidad de cambiar los colores y texturas de los objetos, suelos y paredes que hay en el inmueble. Para ello, también será necesario añadir un catálogo con los modelos y texturas disponibles, a demás de añadir unos controles para que el usuario se pueda manejar bien sobre la nueva herramienta. Esta nueva funcionalidad que ofrecerá Floorfy permite al usuario previsualizar un inmueble amueblado a su gusto antes de una posible adquisición, con la finalidad de hacerse una idea de cómo quedaría con una decoración concreta., Floorfy is one of the companies that is dedicated to making three-dimensional renderings of homes for real estate. These renders are called virtual tours. This service has many advantages and facilities for the user. Floorfy is counting on me to create a new application within these virtual tours that is based on furnishing a property using three-dimensional models, in addition to the possibility of changing the colors and textures of the objects, floors and walls that are in it. To do this, it will also be necessary to add a catalog with the available models and textures, in addition to adding some controls so that the user can handle the new tool well. This new functionality that Floorfy will offer allows the user to preview a property furnished to their liking before a possible acquisition, in order to get an idea of how it would look with a specific decoration., Floorfy és una de les empreses que es dedica a realitzar renders tridimensionals de llars per immobiliàries. Aquests renders se'ls anomena tours virtuals. Aquest servei té molts avantatges i facilitats per a l'usuari. Floorfy compta amb mi per fer un nou aplicatiu dins d'aquests tours virtuals que es basa en moblar un immoble mitjançant models tridimensionals, a més de la possibilitat de canviar els colors i textures dels objectes, terres i parets que hi ha a l'immoble. Per a això, també caldrà afegir un catàleg amb els models i textures disponibles, a més d'afegir uns controls perquè l'usuari es pugui gestionar bé sobre la nova eina. Aquesta nova funcionalitat que oferirà Floorfy permet a l'usuari previsualitzar un immoble moblat al seu gust abans d'una possible adquisició, amb la finalitat de fer-se una idea de com quedaria amb una decoració concreta.
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- 2021
39. House generation using procedural modeling with rules
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Andújar Gran, Carlos Antonio, Ávila Parra, Rafael, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Andújar Gran, Carlos Antonio, and Ávila Parra, Rafael
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This is a work dedicated to the development of a software for creating 3D models of houses with modern design. The main goal is to generate a tool that makes use of procedural modeling techniques to generate a wide variety of models. The result is an application capable of generating realistic model renderings with an input consisting of a set of rules. The most important part of this project will be the development of grammar and of all each operation will start to be simple and basic in the form of 3D. Combinations of operations such as extrusions, subdivisions or prefabrications will then be done to increase the complexity of the whole model that makes it look like a modern house. Thispart was carried out with some tests based on a correct performance of the same algorithm, as this is the core of the whole application., Aquest és un treball dedicat al desenvolupament d'un software de creació de models 3D de cases amb disseny modern. L'objectiu principal és generar una eina que faci ús de tècniques de modelat procedural per generar una gran varietat de models. El resultat és una aplicació capaç de generar renders de models realistes amb una entrada que consisteix en un conjunt de regles. La part més important d’aquest projecte consistirà en el desenvolupament de la gramàtica i cada operació començarà a ser senzilla i bàsica en forma de 3D. A continuació, es faran combinacions d’operacions com extrusions, subdivisions o prefabricacions augmenta la complexitat de tot el model que fa que sembli una casa actual. Aquesta part es va dur a terme amb algunes proves basades en un correcte rendiment del mateix algorisme, ja que aquest és el nucli de tota l'aplicació., Este es un trabajo dedicado al desarrollo de un software de creación de modelos 3D de casas con diseño moderno. El objetivo principal es generar una herramienta que haga uso de técnicas de modelado procedural para generar una gran variedad de modelos. El resultado es una aplicación capaz de generar renders de modelos realistas con una entrada que consiste en un conjunto de reglas. La parte más importante de este proyecto consistirá en el desarrollo de la gramática y cada operación empezará a ser sencilla y básica en forma de 3D. A continuación, se harán combinaciones de operaciones como extrusiones, subdivisiones o prefabricaciones aumenta la complejidad de todo el modelo que hace que parezca una casa actual. Esta parte se llevó a cabo con algunas pruebas basadas en un correcto rendimiento del mismo algoritmo, puesto que este es el núcleo de toda la aplicación.
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- 2021
40. Enabling viewpoint learning through dynamic label generation
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ViRVIG - Grup de Recerca en Visualització, Realitat Virtual i Interacció Gràfica, Schelling, Michael, Hermosilla Casajús, Pedro, Vázquez Alcocer, Pere Pau, Ropinski, Timo, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ViRVIG - Grup de Recerca en Visualització, Realitat Virtual i Interacció Gràfica, Schelling, Michael, Hermosilla Casajús, Pedro, Vázquez Alcocer, Pere Pau, and Ropinski, Timo
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Optimal viewpoint prediction is an essential task in many computer graphics applications. Unfortunately, common viewpointqualities suffer from two major drawbacks: dependency on clean surface meshes, which are not always available, and the lack ofclosed-form expressions, which requires a costly search involving rendering. To overcome these limitations we propose to sepa-rate viewpoint selection from rendering through an end-to-end learning approach, whereby we reduce the in¿uence of the meshquality by predicting viewpoints from unstructured point clouds instead of polygonal meshes. While this makes our approachinsensitive to the mesh discretization during evaluation, it only becomes possible when resolving label ambiguities that arise inthis context. Therefore, we additionally propose to incorporate the label generation into the training procedure, making the labeldecision adaptive to the current network predictions. We show how our proposed approach allows for learning viewpoint pre-dictions for models from different object categories and for different viewpoint qualities. Additionally, we show that predictiontimes are reduced from several minutes to a fraction of a second, as compared to state-of-the-art (SOTA) viewpoint quality eval-uation. Code and training data is available at https://github.com/schellmi42/viewpoint_learning, whichis to our knowledge the biggest viewpoint quality dataset available., This work was supported in part by project TIN2017-88515-C2-1-R(GEN3DLIVE), from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía yCompetitividad, by 839 FEDER (EU) funds., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)
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- 2021
41. Metamorfose planar via métodos Level Set e Particle Level Set para a reconstrução de superfícies tridimensionais
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Fazanaro, Dalton Ieda, 1982, Pedrini, Hélio, 1963, Donadelli Junior, Jair, Stolfi, Jorge, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Computação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
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Computação gráfica ,Computer graphics ,Image processing ,Processamento de imagens ,Geometria computacional ,Computational geometry - Abstract
Orientador: Hélio Pedrini Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação Resumo: Inicialmente centralizadas na solução de problemas científicos em Dinâmica dos Fluidos, as interfaces evolutivas, com o advento da modelagem mais eficiente e robusta provida pelo método Level Set, expandiram os seus limites originais de aplicabilidade, proporcionando uma nova frente de pesquisa para os campos dos mais diversos, com destaque à Ciência da Computação. Especificamente à área de Processamento de Imagens, os trabalhos até então apresentados, relacionando o Level Set à reconstrução de superfícies tridimensionais, concentram-se na reconstrução a partir de uma nuvem de dados dispersos no espaço; a abordagem baseada em fatias planas paralelas e transversais ao objeto a ser reconstruído evidencia-se ainda incipiente. Esse cenário fomenta, portanto, uma análise da viabilidade do Level Set para a reconstrução de superfícies tridimensionais. Fundamentando-se nessa constatação, a dissertação propõe-se a oferecer uma metodologia que agregue, simultaneamente, as idéias comprovadamente eficientes já publicadas sobre a aproximação em questão e as propostas para contornar as limitações inerentes ao método ainda não satisfatoriamente tratadas, em particular a suavização excessiva de características finas dos contornos em evolução sob o Level Set. Relativamente a esse ponto, o emprego da variante Particle Level Set é sugerido como uma possível solução, por sua intrínseca capacidade comprovada para a conservação de massa ou volume de fronteiras dinâmicas traduzirem-se, presumivelmente, em um controle ao problema destacado. Ao final, conjuntos de dados sintéticos e reais são utilizados para avaliar a metodologia de reconstrução de superfícies tridimensionais apresentada qualitativamente Abstract: Evolving interfaces were initially focused on solutions to scientific problems in Fluid Dynamics. With the advent of the more efficient and robust modeling provided by Level Set method, their original boundaries of applicability were extended, offering a new front of research to the more diverse fields, especially to Computer Science. Specifically to Image Processing area, the works published until then, relating Level Set to tridimensional surface reconstruction, centered themselves on reconstruction from a data cloud dispersed in space; the approach based on parallel planar slices transversal to the object to be reconstructed is still incipient. Therefore, this scenario foments a feasibility analysis of Level Set to the reconstruction of tridimensional surfaces. Basing on this fact, this dissertation proposes to offer a methodology that simultaneously integrates the proved efficient ideas already published about such approximation and the proposals to process the inherent limitations of the method not satisfactorily treated yet, in particular the excessive smoothing of fine characteristics of contours evolving under Level Set. In relation to this, the application of the variant Particle Level Set is suggested as a possible solution, for its intrinsic proved capability to preserve mass or volume of dynamic fronts manifests itself, presumably, into a control of the stressed problem. At the end, synthetic and real data sets are used to evaluate the presented tridimensional surface reconstruction methodology qualitatively Mestrado Ciência da Computação Mestre em Ciência da Computação
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- 2021
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42. Problemas de empacotamento com itens irregulares
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Silveira, Tiago, 1987, Xavier, Eduardo Candido, 1979, Yanasse, Horacio Hideki, Miyazawa, Flávio Keidi, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Computação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
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Combinatorial optimization ,Programação heurística ,Genetic algorithms ,Packing problems ,Algoritmos genéticos ,Problemas de empacotamento ,Heuristic programming ,Otimização combinatória ,Geometria computacional ,Computational geometry - Abstract
Orientador: Eduardo Candido Xavier Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação Resumo: O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital Abstract: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic document Mestrado Ciência da Computação Mestre em Ciência da Computação
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- 2021
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43. Alguns problemas em geometrias de curvas
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Figueiredo, Fabio Dalla Costa, Rezende, Pedro Jussieu de, 1955, Leitão, Helena Cristina da Gama, Goldenstein, Siome Klein, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Computação, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
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Geometria não-euclidiana ,Algoritmos ,Non-euclidean geometry ,Computacional geometry ,Geometria computacional ,Algorithms - Abstract
Orientador: Pedro Jussieu de Rezende Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação Resumo: Problemas de natureza geométrica são encontrados em diversas áreas e, portanto, a análise dos mesmos sob uma ótica algorítmica e imprescindível. Não obstante um amplo tratamento de problemas na geometria euclidiana, relativamente poucos estudos foram feitos em outras geometrias. Em particular, tomando-se como retas sobre o plano as curvas de uma família F que satisfaçam um pequeno conjunto de propriedades, pode-se definir uma geometria de curvas, denotada por GF, a qual foi inicialmente estudada, sob o ponto de vista algorítmico, por Harada [Har00]. Nesta dissertação, estudamos características de famílias de curvas que podem formar uma geometria GF, e sobre ela, primitivas e algoritmos para soluções de problemas. Desenvolvemos ainda um visualizador gráfico, denominado GFViewer, através do qual é possível aprimorar a intuição quanto à forma de construções geométricas, como GF-retas, GF-segmentos, GF-polígonos, GF-bissetores, GF-circunferências, etc. Esse visualizador foi utilizado para testarmos a implementação de alguns algoritmos geométricos sobre certas instâncias de GF. Com a caracterização de algumas famílias de curvas, foi possível construir novos exemplos dessas geometrias. Além disso, na análise dos problemas formulados, verificamos ser plausível a adaptação de algoritmos existentes no caso euclidiano, devido à correlação entre as duas geometrias, de diversas primitivas e predicados Abstract: Problems of geometric nature are found in many areas, so their study under an algorithmic point of view is indispensable. Even though a vast literature exists on problems for the Euclidian geometry, relatively little has been done on other geometries. In particular, if one takes as lines on the plane the curves of a family F that meet a small set of conditions, one may define a geometry of curves, denoted by GF, which was first studied, under an algorithmic approach, by Harada [Har00]. In this dissertation, we identify characteristics of families of curves that may form a GF geometry, over which we study primitives and algorithms for the solution of geometric problems. We also developed a graphical visualizer, known as GFViewer, through which it is possible to improve the intuition towards the understanding of GF-lines, GFsegments, GF-poligons, GF-bissectors, GF-circles, etc. This visualizer was used to test the implementation of a few geometric algorithms over certain instances of GF. With the characterization of some families of curves, it was possible to build new examples of these geometries. Furthermore, in the analysis of the problems studied, we perceived that it is plausible to adapt algorithms that deal with the euclidian case, due to the correlation between the two geometries, of several primitives and predicates Mestrado Teoria da Computação Mestre em Ciência da Computação
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- 2021
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44. Simplificação consistente de linhas em mapas cartograficos
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Silva, Adler Cardoso Gomes da, Wu, Shin-Ting, 1958, Davis Junior, Clodoveu Augusto, Tozzi, Clésio Luis, De Martino, José Mário, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
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Computação gráfica ,Computer graphics ,Generalization ,Generalização ,Sistemas de informação geográfica ,Topologia ,Topology ,Geometria computacional ,Geographic information system ,Computational geometry - Abstract
Orientador: Wu Shin-Ting Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação Resumo: A simplificação de linha é a operação da generalização cartográfica que remove os detalhes desnecessários de uma linha, preservando os principais aspectos da sua forma. A simplificação consistente de linha preocupa-se tanto em remover estes detalhes, quanto em gerar um mapa que seja consistente.ao original. Um mapa é dito consistente ao original se possuir a mesma topologia que este e conservar espaçamentos entre os seus objetos. Os trabalhos em simplificação consistente presentes na literatura ainda apresentam diversas limitações, das quais se destacam a aplicabilidade restrita a determinados tipos de objetos, a ineficácia na preservação da topologia em certos casos, a ausência da conservação de espaçamentos e o alto custo computacional. Este trabalho propõe uma nova solução para o problema dá simplificação consistente, procurando contornar estas limitações. Do ponto de vista teórico, ele determina um conjunto de condições que se aplicam a todos os tipos de objetos e garantem a consistência do mapa resultante. Do ponto de vista prático, ele apresenta um algoritmo que, com base nestas condições, é capaz de simplificar consistente e eficientemente as linhas de um mapa. O algoritmo proposto tambem apresenta outras características importantes para a simplificação consistente, tais como a capacidade de produzir de mapas independentes de escala e a invariância do mapa resultante em relação à ordem de processamento dos dados de entrada. Abstract: Line simplification is the cartographic generalization operation that reduces the complexity of a line, while preserving its main shape features. Consistent line simplification involves not only the reduction of the line complexity, but also the consistency between the original and the simplified maps. A map is said to be consistent to the original one, if it preserves the topology and keeps the same proximity relation of the objects. Current works in consistent simplification still present drawbacks, such as the applicability to just certain types of objects, the failure while preserving topology in particular cases, the lack of proximity handling and the high computational cost. To overcome these drawbacks, this work proposes a new way for handling the consistent simplification problem. From the theoretical point of view, it presents a set of conditions applicable to all typesof objects, which guarantees the consistency between the original and simplified maps. From the practical point of view, it presents an algorithm that, based on these conditions, can consistently and efficiently simplify the lines of the original map. The algorithm also presents other important properties to the consistent simplification, such as the capacity of producing scale-independent maps and the ability of yielding the same simplified map for different data arrangements in the original map. Mestrado Engenharia de Computação Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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- 2021
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45. Geração de malha tridimensional para o metodo dos elementos de contorno
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Creci Filho, Geraldo, Sollero, Paulo, 1950, Albuquerque, Eder Lima de, 1972, Carvalho, Jonas de, Ferreira, Janito Vaqueiro, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
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Geração numérica de malhas (Analise numerica) ,Computação gráfica ,Métodos de elementos de contorno ,Triangulação ,Geometria computacional - Abstract
Orientadores: Paulo Sollero, Eder Lima de Albuquerque Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um programa de geração de malhas não estruturadas que serão usadas em análises numéricas pelo método dos elementos de contorno. O método dos elementos de contorno é um dos métodos numéricos de destaque usados atualmente em simulações computacionais. Ele possui algumas características particulares que o tornam mais atrativo em determinados tipos de aplicações, quando comparado com outros métodos numéricos. Dentre essas características, está a vantagem de se discretizar somente o contorno das geometrias para o cálculo da solução aproximada do problema. Isso significa dizer que em casos tridimensionais somente elementos de superfície precisam ser gerados na malha. O gerador de malhas implementado neste trabalho foi desenvolvido para gerar malhas com elementos triangulares-lineares em geometrias tridimensionais compostas por faces planas. A idéia geral consiste em deslocar cada face que compõe a geometria tridimensional para o espaço bidimensional usando-se transformações geométricas e, em seguida, aplicar o algoritmo de triangulação de Delaunay para geração dos elementos. Depois de gerados os elementos, novas transformações geométricas são aplicadas a fim de enviar a face de volta para sua posição original no espaço tridimensional. A continuidade da malha é assegurada promovendo-se a geração dos nós nas arestas antes da geração dos nós no interior das faces. Vários exemplos de malhas em geometrias tridimensionais são apresentados para ilustrar a capacidade do programa desenvolvido e algumas análises numéricas foram feitas para demonstrar a qualidade das malhas em problemas com condições de contorno específicas Abstract: This work presents the development of an unstructured mesh generator to be used in numerical analysis by the boundary element method. The boundary element method is one of the prominence methods recently used in computational simulations. It has some particular characteristics that make it more favorable in certain types of applications, when compared to other numerical methods. Among those characteristics, one is especially important from the mesh generation point of view. It is the fact that, in boundary element method, it is only necessary the discretization of the geometry boundaries. In other words, in three-dimensional cases only surface elements should be generated. The mesh generator implemented in this work has been developed to generate meshes with triangular-linear elements over threedimensional geometries composed by plane faces. The general idea consists of moving each face belonging to the three-dimensional geometry to bi-dimensional space using geometrical transformations and the Delaunay triangulation algorithm for element generation. After element generation, new geometrical transformations are applied in order to send the meshed face back to its original position in three-dimensional space. The continuity of the final mesh is assured by generating the nodes of the edges of the geometry prior to the generation of the nodes in the interior of the face. Several examples of meshes in three-dimensional geometries are presented to illustrate the capabilities of the developed program and some numerical analyses have been performed to show the quality of the meshes in problems with specific boundary conditions Mestrado Mecânica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecânico Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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- 2021
- Full Text
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46. Amueblado de propiedades en 3D
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Ramos Refusta, Joan Manuel, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Chica Calaf, Antonio, Marfil Sanchez, Fernando, and Jiménez, Sergi
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entorn 3d ,geometry ,lighting ,3d environment ,algorithms ,Computational geometry ,Geometria computacional ,materials ,geometric transformations ,three js ,Informàtica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,computació gràfica ,blender ,col·lisió ,3d ,grafics ,graphics ,il·luminació ,textures ,Graphical user interfaces (Computer systems) ,computer graphics ,transformacions geomètriques ,Interfícies gràfiques d'usuari (Informàtica) ,webgl ,algorismes ,geometría ,css ,collision - Abstract
Floorfy es una de las empresas que se dedica a realizar renders tridimensionales de hogares para inmobiliarias. Estos renders se les llama tours virtuales. Este servicio tiene muchas ventajas y facilidades para el usuario. Floorfy cuenta conmigo para realizar un nuevo aplicativo dentro de estos tours virtuales que se basa en amueblar un inmueble mediante modelos tridimensionales, a demás de la posibilidad de cambiar los colores y texturas de los objetos, suelos y paredes que hay en el inmueble. Para ello, también será necesario añadir un catálogo con los modelos y texturas disponibles, a demás de añadir unos controles para que el usuario se pueda manejar bien sobre la nueva herramienta. Esta nueva funcionalidad que ofrecerá Floorfy permite al usuario previsualizar un inmueble amueblado a su gusto antes de una posible adquisición, con la finalidad de hacerse una idea de cómo quedaría con una decoración concreta. Floorfy is one of the companies that is dedicated to making three-dimensional renderings of homes for real estate. These renders are called virtual tours. This service has many advantages and facilities for the user. Floorfy is counting on me to create a new application within these virtual tours that is based on furnishing a property using three-dimensional models, in addition to the possibility of changing the colors and textures of the objects, floors and walls that are in it. To do this, it will also be necessary to add a catalog with the available models and textures, in addition to adding some controls so that the user can handle the new tool well. This new functionality that Floorfy will offer allows the user to preview a property furnished to their liking before a possible acquisition, in order to get an idea of how it would look with a specific decoration. Floorfy és una de les empreses que es dedica a realitzar renders tridimensionals de llars per immobiliàries. Aquests renders se'ls anomena tours virtuals. Aquest servei té molts avantatges i facilitats per a l'usuari. Floorfy compta amb mi per fer un nou aplicatiu dins d'aquests tours virtuals que es basa en moblar un immoble mitjançant models tridimensionals, a més de la possibilitat de canviar els colors i textures dels objectes, terres i parets que hi ha a l'immoble. Per a això, també caldrà afegir un catàleg amb els models i textures disponibles, a més d'afegir uns controls perquè l'usuari es pugui gestionar bé sobre la nova eina. Aquesta nova funcionalitat que oferirà Floorfy permet a l'usuari previsualitzar un immoble moblat al seu gust abans d'una possible adquisició, amb la finalitat de fer-se una idea de com quedaria amb una decoració concreta.
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- 2021
47. Statistical Depth by Reflections
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Soto Sánchez, Francisco Javier, Nieto Reyes, Alicia, and Universidad de Cantabria
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Profundidad de la banda ,Breakdown point ,Median ,Robustez ,Statistical depth ,Reflexiones ,Computational geometry ,Algorithm ,Reflections ,Mediana ,Band depth ,Algoritmo ,Hyphotesis test ,Geometría computacional ,Profundidad estadística ,Test de hipótesis ,Robustness - Abstract
We define a two-dimensional statistical depth function and study two important aspects of it: its robustness and computability. We begin by formally proving that the function is, indeed, a statistical depth function. To achieve this, we introduce a new notion of symmetry for distributions in Rp . We study the robustness through the concept of breakdown point. In terms of computability, we provide an implementable algorithm to calculate the depth contours with temporal complexity Θ(n²) and spatial complexity Θ(n), where n is the size of the data set. As an application of the proposed depth function, we provide a hypothesis test for the independence of two absolutely continuous variables RESUMEN: Definimos una función de profundidad estadística bi-dimensional y estudiamos dos aspectos importantes de la misma: la robustez y la computabilidad. Comenzamos probando formalmente que la función es, de hecho, una función de profundidad estadística. Para conseguirlo, introducimos una nueva noción de simetría para distribuciones en Rp . Estudiamos la robustez a través del concepto de breakdown point. En cuanto a la computabilidad, proporcionamos un algoritmo implementable para calcular los contornos de profundidad con complejidad temporal Θ(n²) y complejidad espacial Θ(n), siendo n el tamaño del conjunto de datos. Como aplicación de la función de profundidad propuesta, proporcionamos un contraste de hipótesis para la independencia de dos variables absolutamente continuas. Grado en Matemáticas
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- 2021
48. Quantificació, optimització i causalitat de l’espai en el futbol
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Martínez Pla, Xavier, Guillén i Estany, Montserrat, and Guillén, Montserrat
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Bachelor's thesis ,Futbol ,Statistics ,Bachelor's theses ,Soccer ,62 Statistics::62J Linear inference, regression [Classificació AMS] ,Matemàtiques i estadística [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,68 Computer science::68U Computing methodologies and applications [Classificació AMS] ,Estadística ,Treballs de fi de grau ,Computational geometry ,Geometria computacional - Abstract
Treballs Finals de Grau en Estadística UB-UPC, Facultat d'Economia i Empresa (UB) i Facultat de Matemàtiques i Estadística (UPC), Curs: 2020-2021, Tutor: Montserrat Guillén Estany, El futbol és un dels esports més aleatoris. Un gol succeeix poques vegades durant els noranta minuts d’un partit, la qual cosa fa que l’atzar estigui present en el resultat final. A més, segons Johan Cruyff un jugador sols té la pilota uns tres/cinc minuts en el transcurs del partit. Com a conseqüència, és important quantificar el rendiment d’un equip independentment del resultat i també el rendiment d’un jugador quan no disposa de la pilota. Per tal d’assolir aquest objectiu, en aquest treball final de grau es presenta un algorisme que quantifica una part del rendiment, l’espai generat en fase ofensiva durant el partit, aquest espai es pot diferenciar tant per jugadors com per parts del camp. A partir d’aquest indicador es pot avaluar el posicionament d’un equip durant el partit, a més identificar bons i mals moments. També es pot identificar aquells jugadors que no s’han ubicat de forma correcta i per tant han generat menys perill. A partir de la diferenciació de l’espai en zones del camp completat amb un mapa de calor, es pot veure en quines s’ha disposat de més espai i si ha estat o no utilitzat. Els dos avantatges principals del mètode que es presenta en el treball són: 1. L’alta eficiència computacional del mètode, la qual cosa permet que sigui interactiu. 2. Proporciona informació sobre tots els jugadors que estan en el camp, independentment de si tenen o no la pilota. Tot i que l’enfocament de l’algorisme ha estat dissenyat com a mesura ofensiva, també es podria aplicar com a mesura defensiva, per identificar els defenses que han minimitzat els espais rivals.
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- 2021
49. Um algoritmo eficiente para o problema do posicionamento natural de antenas
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Crepaldi, Bruno Espinosa, 1991, Souza, Cid Carvalho de, 1963, Rezende, Pedro Jussieu de, 1955, Lavor, Carlile Campos, Dias, Zanoni, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Computação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
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Combinatorial optimization ,Algoritmos ,Linear programming ,Programação linear ,Geometria computacional ,Otimização combinatória ,Computational geometry ,Algorithms - Abstract
Orientadores: Cid Carvalho de Souza, Pedro Jussieu de Rezende Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação Resumo: Considerado uma variação do problema da galeria de arte, o problema do posicionamento de antenas trata do posicionamento do menor número de antenas requerido para determinar se uma pessoa está dentro ou fora da galeria. Uma antena propaga uma chave única dentro de um ângulo específico de transmissão, de modo que o conjunto de chaves recebidas em um dado ponto do plano seja suficiente para decidir se ele pertence ou não ao polígono que representa a galeria. Para verificar esta propriedade de localização, uma fórmula Booleana deve ser produzida junto com o posicionamento de antenas. Dizemos que as antenas estão em posição natural se elas estão localizadas nos vértices ou nas arestas do polígono e transmitindo sinal no ângulo formado pelos lados deste último no ponto onde a antena está posicionada. O problema do posicionamento natural de antenas é NP-difícil. Nesta dissertação, apresentamos um algoritmo exato para resolvê-lo. Para tanto, propomos um modelo inicial de programação linear inteira para o problema que, ao ser computado por um resolvedor comercial, se mostrou capaz de encontrar soluções ótimas de instâncias correspondentes a polígonos com algumas dezenas de vértices. Em seguida, através de estudos de propriedades geométricas, são introduzidas várias melhorias no modelo matemático e também na forma de computá-lo. Como consequência desta pesquisa, desenvolvemos um algoritmo iterativo baseado em programação linear inteira com o qual conseguimos solucionar o problema para instâncias consideravelmente maiores. A eficiência do nosso algoritmo é certificada por resultados experimentais que compreendem as soluções ótimas de 720 instâncias de até 1000 vértices, incluindo polígono com buracos, as quais foram calculadas em menos de seis minutos em um computador desktop padrão Abstract: Considered a variation of the art gallery problem, the wireless localization problem deals with the placement of the smallest number of broadcasting antennas required to determine if someone is inside or outside the gallery. Each antenna propagates a unique key within a certain antenna-specific angle of broadcast, so that the set of keys received at any given point is sufficient to determine whether that point is inside or outside the polygon that represents the gallery. To ascertain this localization property, a Boolean formula must be produced along with the placement of the antennas. We say that the antennas are in natural position if they are located at the vertices or the edges of the polygon and transmitting their signals in the angle formed by the sides of the polygon at the point where the antenna is positioned. The natural wireless localization problem is NP-hard. In this dissertation, we present an exact algorithm to solve it. To this end, we propose an initial integer linear programming model for the problem that, after being computed by a commercial solver, proved to be capable of finding optimal solutions for instances corresponding to polygons with tens of vertices. Then, through studies of geometric properties, several improvements are introduced in the mathematical model and also in the way of computing it. As a result of this research, we develop an iterative algorithm based on integer linear programming with which we can solve the problem for considerably larger instances. The efficiency of our algorithm is certified by experimental results comprising the solutions of 720 instances, including polygon with holes with up to 1000 vertices, in less than six minutes on a standard desktop computer Mestrado Ciência da Computação Mestre em Ciência da Computação
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Soluções exatas para o Problema Cromático da Galeria de Arte
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Zambon, Mauricio Jose de Oliveira, 1990, Rezende, Pedro Jussieu de, 1955, Souza, Cid Carvalho de, 1963, Usberti, Fábio Luiz, Fernandes, Cristina Gomes, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Computação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
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Programação inteira ,Coloração de grafos ,Integer programming ,Geometria computacional ,Computational geometry ,Graph coloring - Abstract
Orientadores: Pedro Jussieu de Rezende, Cid Carvalho de Souza Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação Resumo: Nesta dissertação, apresentamos a primeira abordagem algorítmica e os primeiros resultados experimentais da literatura para tratamento do Problema Cromático Discreto da Galeria de Arte (DCAGP). Trata-se de um problema de natureza geométrica que consiste de uma variante do clássico Problema da Galeria de Arte. Neste, deseja-se encontrar um conjunto de guardas com cardinalidade mínima que consiga vigiar toda uma dada galeria. Já no DCAGP temos por objetivo obter um conjunto de observadores que cubra a galeria e que admita uma coloração válida com o menor número de cores. Uma coloração é válida se dois observadores que veem um mesmo ponto recebem cores distintas. Abordamos a resolução deste problema através de duas abordagens: uma exata e uma heurística. Inicialmente, apresentamos uma heurística primal que fornece limitantes superiores de boa qualidade e, em seguida, um modelo de programação linear inteira para resolução exata do DCAGP. Este método foi capaz de resolver todas as instâncias de um extenso conjunto de galerias, representadas por polígonos simples aleatoriamente gerados, de até 2500 vértices, em menos de um minuto. Já num outro conjunto de instâncias onde a representação inclui polígonos com buracos e polígonos fractais de von Koch com até 800 vértices, o método encontrou soluções comprovadamente ótimas para 80% das instâncias em menos de 30 minutos. No contexto dessas soluções, discutimos o uso de lazy-constraints e de técnicas de fortalecimento do modelo, assim como uma breve análise da dificuldade das instâncias. Reportamos ainda resultados da utilização de relaxação Lagrangiana, para obtenção de bons limitantes, principalmente superiores, e também resultados obtidos por meio de uma variação da técnica relax-and-fix. Finalmente, discutimos um processo de branch-and-price para resolução exata do DCAGP Abstract: In this dissertation, we present the first algorithmic approach and the first experimental results in the literature for solving the Discrete Chromatic Art Gallery Problem (DCAGP). This problem is geometric in nature and consists of a variation of the classic Art Gallery Problem. In the latter, we want to find a minimum cardinality guard set that is able to watch over a given gallery. On the other hand, in the DCAGP, the objective is to find a set of watchers that covers the gallery and admits a valid coloring with a minimum number of colors. A coloring is valid if two watchers that observe a same point are assigned different colors. To solve this problem we apply two approaches: an exact and a heuristic one. Firstly, we present a primal heuristic able to provide good quality upper bounds, and subsequently an integer programming model that yields exact solutions for the DCAGP. This method was able to solve all instances from an extensive set of galleries, represented by randomly generated simple polygons, of up to 2500 vertices, in less than one minute. On another set of instances, where the representation includes polygons with holes and fractal von Koch polygons, with up to 800 vertices, this method found proven optimal solutions for 80% of the instances in less than 30 minutes. In the context of these solutions, we discuss the use of lazy constraints and techniques for strengthening the model, besides a brief analysis of the hardness of the instances. Moreover, we report on results obtained through a Lagrangian relaxation, mainly as a means to obtain good upper bounds, as well as from a variation of the relax-and-fix technique. Lastly, we discuss a branch-and-price process for solving the DCAGP to exactness Mestrado Ciência da Computação Mestre em Ciência da Computação
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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