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6. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. extract inhibits the early step of herpes simplex type 1 and type 2 replication

Author

Bonvicini, F., Lianza, M., Mandrone, M., Poli, F., Gentilomi, G. A., FABIANA ANTOGNONI, Bonvicini, Francesca, Lianza, Mariacaterina, Mandrone, Manuela, Poli, Ferruccio, Gentilomi, Giovanna Angela, and Antognoni, Fabiana

Subjects
Hemidesmus, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, α-glucosidase activity, Cell Survival, Plant Extracts, Herpesvirus 2, Human, viruses, Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br, alpha-Glucosidases, Herpesvirus 1, Human, Mechanism of action, Virus Replication, Antiviral Agents, Virus attachment prevention, Chlorocebus aethiops, Animals, Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors, Herpes simplex viru, Antiviral activity, Vero Cells
Abstract

Herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) cause several clinically relevant syndromes in both adults and neonates. Despite the availability of efficient anti-HSV agents, the search for new therapeutic approaches is highly encouraged due to the increasing drug resistance of virus strains. Medicinal plants represent a source of potential bioactive compounds. In this context we evaluated the anti-herpetic activity of Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br., a plant widely used in traditional Indian medicine. The hydroalcoholic extract prepared from roots was characterized by NMR and HPLC analysis and assayed in vitro by CPE reduction and virus infectivity assays to define its anti-viral effect. The extract's mechanism of action was investigated by virucidal and time-of-addition assays and by in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. The extract exhibited a remarkable anti-herpetic activity at 100 mg/mL, at non-cytotoxic concentration, through multiple mechanisms: it reduced the infectivity of viral particles released from infected cells possibly through its anti-ER α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and it inhibited the beginning stage of HSV infection acting as a virucide agent and/or preventing virus attachment to the host cell surface.

Published
2018

15. No correlation between cytomegalovirus and alopecia areata [2]

Author

Tosti A., La Placa M., Plaucci F., Gentilomi G., Venturoli S., Zerbnini M., Musiani M., Tosti A., La Placa M., Plaucci F., Gentilomi G., Venturoli S., Zerbnini M., and Musiani M.

Subjects
Adult, Scalp, Adolescent, Alopecia Areata, DNA, Viral, Cytomegaloviru, In Situ Hybridization, Human
Abstract

Not present

Published
1996

16. Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of leaf extracts from Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels.

Author

Bonvicini, F., Antognoni, F., Mandrone, M., Protti, M., Mercolini, L., Lianza, M., Gentilomi, G. A., and Poli, F.

Subjects
METHICILLIN-resistant staphylococcus aureus, ARGANIA spinosa, ANTI-infective agents, SAPOTACEAE, TERPENES, PHENOLS, URSOLIC acid
Abstract

Argania spinosa(L.) Skeels is an endemic Moroccan species belonging to Sapotaceae family. In this work, lipophilic and aqueous extracts were obtained from leaves and subjected to a chemical profiling by MS and LC-MS/MS. Pentacyclic terpenoids were identified and quantified in the lipophilic fraction, while phenolic compounds (mainly belonging to flavonols and flavan-3-ols) were identified in the aqueous fraction. The antibacterial activities of fractions were evaluatedin vitroagainst both reference Gram-positive and -negative bacterial strains and clinical isolates of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA); in addition, the compounds quantified as main components in each extract were assayed against reference strains. A relevant antibacterial activity was observed against reference MSSA and MRSA strains ofS. aureus: for the lipophilic fraction, MIC50values obtained were 177.8 and 170.6 μg/mL for the former and the latter, respectively, while for the aqueous fraction were 215.5 and 233.3 μg/mL. These inhibitory activities could be mainly ascribed to ursolic and oleanolic acids, among pentacyclic terpenoids, and to quercetin concerning phenolic compounds. A remarkable antibacterial activity was also observed against clinical isolates, thus argan leaves can be considered of interest in the chemotherapy of human infections. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2017
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17. Chemiluminescence: a sensitive detection system in in situ hybridization

Author

Musiani, M., Pasini, P., Zerbini, M., Roda, A., Gentilomi, G., Gallinella, G., Venturoli, S., and Manaresi, E.

Subjects
Chemiluminescence, 6 - Ciencias aplicadas::61 - Medicina [CDU], Labeled probes, Chemiluminescent substrates, In situ hybridization
Abstract

Chemiluminescence is the light emission produced by a chemical reaction in which chemically excited molecules decay to the ground state. The phenomenon is utilized in various analytical techniques in which small amounts of analytes or enzymes can be detected and quantified by measurement of the light emitted by bio- or chemiluminescent reactions. Recently chemiluminescence has been proposed as a valid alternative to radioactive or colorimetric methods in in situ hybridization assays, in which target nucleic acids are localized by labeled probes inside individual cells with the preservation of cell morphology. Chemi-luminescence in situ hybridization is performed using probes that are detected using enzymes with their appropriate chemiluminescent substrates. The luminescent signal from the hybrid formation is detected, analysed and measured with a high performance low light level imaging apparatus connected to an optical microscope and to a personal computer for quantitative image analysis. Generally, the instrumental system to detect positive signals after in situ hybridization operates in three steps: firstly tissue structures and cells are recorded in transmitted light then the luminescent signal is measured with an optimized photon accumulation; and then, after a computer elaboration of the luminescent signal with pseudocolors corresponding to the light intensity, an overlay of the two images on the screen provided by the transmitted light and by the luminescent signal allows the spatial distribution of the labeled probe to be localized and evaluated. The main advantages of chemiluminescence in situ hybridization are mainly the sensitivity, the quantifi-cation of the data, the objectivity of the evaluation and the digital imaging of the results. The chemiluminescence in situ hybridization assay, which can be applied to cell smears, archival frozen and paraffin embedded tissue samples, can be a useful tool for a sensitive and specific diagnosis of viral infections and for the detection and study of specific genic sequences inside the cells. The use of the chemi-luminescent in situ hybridization assay is also promising for an estimation and quantification of nucleic acids present in tissue samples or cellular smears and for imaging gene expression in cells.

Published
1998

18. Ongoing outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in Bologna Province, Italy, November 2012 to May 2013

Author

Varani, S, primary, Cagarelli, R, additional, Melchionda, F, additional, Attard, L, additional, Salvadori, C, additional, Finarelli, A C, additional, Gentilomi, G A, additional, Tigani, R, additional, Rangoni, R, additional, Todeschini, R, additional, Scalone, A, additional, Di Muccio, T, additional, Gramiccia, M, additional, Gradoni, L, additional, Viale, P, additional, and Landini, M P, additional

Published
2013
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