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COSSULA DUPLEX DYAR & SCHAUS, 1937 (FIGS 41, 42, 79, 80, 102, 123, 124, 142) Cossula duplex Dyar & Schaus, 1937: 1271. Donahue, 1995: 126. Male (Fig. 41): Forewing length: 20–24 mm. Head: Antenna light brown; labial palpus rustybrown dorsally and ventrally, with some fuscous; frons rusty-brown with cream; vertex dark rustybrown to fuscous. Thorax: Patagia same as vertex; tegula and dorsum white, irrorated with fuscous; pleura mostly brown, with some white along base of forewing; venter mostly brown, mixed with creamy white and light brown; a dark brown to fuscous patch below labial palps, ventrally. Legs a mixture of different shades of brown and cream, lighter brown mesally; tarsi brown, banded with cream distally on each tarsomere. Forewing a mixture of different shades of brown dorsally, mixed with creamy white; several short fuscous striae traversing wing, with few striae along costal and inner margins; an elongate fuscous spot beginning at base of discal cell and extending towards inner angle; a white spot at inner angle and at terminal end of discal cell; a steely fuscous patch at approximately mid length of wing and between fuscous spot at base of discal cell and white spot at terminal end of discal cell; another two steely fuscous patches at mid length of wing, one between CuA 2 and CuP, the other between CuP and 1A+2A; terminal patch with outer margin greyish brown and inner margin dark brown; a brown spot separate from terminal patch between CuA 1 and CuA 2; fringe mostly brown and light brown; forewing mostly brown and light brown ventrally; costal margin cream and brown banded; terminal patch with same pattern and colours as dorsal view, but more faded in appearance. Hindwing mostly brown to light brown dorsally, and brown to light brown ventrally; fringe brown and light brown. Abdomen: Brown to dark brown dorsally and pleurally; light brown and cream ventrally. Male genitalia (Figs 79, 80, 102): Valva oblong with rounded apex; length of valva approximately 0.8¥ length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.2¥ length of genital capsule; sacculus with a broad, flattened, lenticular ridge running lengthwise, and narrowing apically into a blunt, bulbous, spinose process; juxta process elongate and wide; gnathos arms short; gnathos bridge elongate and narrowing terminally as viewed laterally, converging terminally to uncus; gnathos bridge wide basally as viewed posterio-ventrally, narrowing gradually to broadly acute apex; uncus straight, elongate and narrow, with apex truncate and very shallowly bifurcate. Aedoeagus uniform in width; coecum reduced; rostellum elongate, knob-like and blunt apically; vesica with a dense covering of large spines on ventral surface. Female (Fig. 42): Forewing length: 20 mm. Head: Antenna light brown; labial palpus rustybrown dorsally and ventrally, irrorated with cream ventrally; frons brown to fuscous with cream; vertex dark rusty-brown to fuscous. Thorax: Patagia, tegula and dorsum same as male; venter mostly brown, mixed with light brown; a dark brown to fuscous patch below labial palps ventrally. Legs a mixture of different shades of brown and cream, lighter brown mesally; tarsi brown, banded with cream distally on each tarsomere. Forewing a mix of different shades of brown dorsally, mixed with creamy white; several short fuscous striae traversing wing, with few striae along costal and inner margins; elongate fuscous spot at base of discal cell present but not as prominent as in male; a white spot at inner angle and at terminal end of discal cell; a steely fuscous patch at approximately mid length of wing, between fuscous spot at base of discal cell and white spot at terminal end of discal cell, and another two patches at mid length of wing, one between CuA 2 and CuP, the other between CuP and 1A+2A; terminal patch similar in colour and shape as in male; a brown spot separate from terminal patch between CuA 1 and CuA 2, but connected by a thin line of brown scales; fringe mostly brown and light brown; forewing mostly brown and light brown ventrally; costal margin cream and brown banded, although banding not as prominent as in male; terminal patch with same pattern and colours as dorsal view, but more faded in appearance. Hindwing mostly brown and light brown dorsally, and brown and light brown ventrally; fringe brown and light brown. Abdomen: Similar to male. Female genitalia (Figs 123, 124): Sternite 8 reduced, mostly membranous; intersegmental membrane between abdominal sternites 7 and 8 with cuticular wrinkles and forming two enlarged, compressed lobes that cover sternite 8 and from which the ostium arises; ductus bursae with antrum enlarged, sclerotized, and with longitudinal wrinkles and folds; terminal section of ductus membranous and narrower than antrum; corpus bursae spherical, approximately 0.3¥ length of bursa copulatrix. Distribution: This species probably ranges from Costa Rica to Brazil, with records from Costa Rica, Panama and Brazil. Holotype: ♀; PANAMA: Cabima: v.16–30, 1911, A.Busck, type No. 41621 (USNM) [examined]. Material examined: BRAZIL: RONDONIA: Cacaulandia, Brazil, 140 m: 1 ♂, xi.1991, V. O. Becker (VOB). Amazones, Pq. Nac. do. Jau, Rio Carabinani: 1 ♂, 1–2.viii.1995, R. W. Hutchings (USNM). AMAZONAS: Manaus, BR-174, km. 72, Faz. Dimona: 1 ♀, 9.xii.1993, J. B. Sullivan & R. W. Hutchings, slide USNM 96083 (USNM). COSTA RICA: LIMON: Manzanillo, RNFS Gandoca y Manzanillo, 0–100 m: 1 ♂, 9.ix.–13.x.1992, K. Taylor, slide USNM 96038 (INBio). VENEZUELA: TERRITORIO FEDERAL DE AMAZONAS: Cerro de la Neblina, base camp, 140 m: 1 ♂, 24.xi.–1.xii.1984, R. L. Brown, slides USNM 85066, 85111, 96077 (USNM). Host: Unknown. Flight period: May to December. Discussion: This species most closely resembles an undescribed species from Brazil in external appearance but can be distinguished by the white to cream colour of the thorax (also shared with C. duplexata), compared with the mostly brown thorax of the Brazilian species. The male genitalia exhibit several characters that assist in identifying members of this complex. The genitalia of duplex are characterized by a broad uncus, a short, broad gnathos (viewed caudally), large spines on the vesica of the aedoeagus, and valvae with a relatively flattened, lenticular saccular process (Fig. 79). Cossula duplexata and the Brazilian species, by contrast, possess a long and slender uncus, a gnathos that converges apically with the uncus, smaller spines on the vesica of the aedoeagus and a more rounded saccular process on the valva., Published as part of Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia & Mitter, Charles, 2008, A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), pp. 222-277 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2) on pages 268-269, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5446371, {"references":["Dyar HG, Schaus W. 1937. Familie: Cassidae. In: Seitz A, ed. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, vol. 6, die amerkanischen Spinner und Schwarmer. Stuttgart: Alfred Kernen, 1264 - 1287.","Donahue JP. 1995. Cossidae. In: Heppner JB, ed. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera: Checklist, Part 2 - Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea. Gainesville, FL: Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Inc, 126."]}

COSSULA GAUDEATOR (SCHAUS, 1911) (FIGS 44, 45, 83, 84, 104, 125, 126, 143) Hemipecten gaudeator Schaus, 1911: 628. Cossula gaudeator (Schaus, 1911) Donahue, 1995: 126. Male (Fig. 44): Forewing length: 30–33 mm. Head: Antenna light brown; labial palpus dark brown and rusty-brown to fuscous dorsally and ventrally; frons cream and rusty-brown to fuscous; vertex rustybrown to fuscous. Thorax: Patagia same colour as vertex; dorsum and tegula creamy white irrorated with brown and fuscous; pleura creamy white to light brown, interspersed with light brown and brown to fuscous; venter similar to pleura, but colouring somewhat darker and a brown to fuscous patch on prothorax. Legs with femur and tibia interspersed with scales creamy white to light brown, rusty-brown and fuscous; tarsi light brown irrorated with cream. Forewing mixed with areas of creamy white, light brown, brown and fuscous dorsally; base with small cream patch; fuscous striae along costal and inner margin, the latter ones more faint; a vague dark brown to fuscous patch in middle of discal cell; terminal patch with a large, curved, dark brown band, suffusing with a dark brown margin along termen between M 2 and M 3; remainder of terminal patch light brown; fringe banded with dark brown and light brown; forewing brown ventrally, with dark brown, almost fuscous, and cream banding along costal margin; terminal patch as in dorsal view, but fainter. Hindwing brown dorsally and ventrally; dark brown and cream banding along costal margin ventrally; fringe banded brown and cream. Abdomen: Mostly brown dorsally, irrorated with cream scales; cream ventrally, irrorated with dark brown; A7–8 cream and light brown. Male genitalia (Figs 83, 84): Valva broad basally, narrowing slightly and rounded apically; length of valva approximately 0.8¥ length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.6¥ length of genital capsule; saccular process forming a large, upcurved spine on distal half of valva; juxta process elongate and digitiform; gnathos broad with lateral sides slightly upcurved, and medial–apical region with heavily sclerotized ridges; uncus with apex acute and slightly bifurcate. Aedoeagus with rostellum forming a large rounded lobe as viewed laterally; rostellum apex acuminate as viewed ventrally. Female (Fig. 45): Forewing length: 33 mm. Head: Antenna light brown and fuscous; labial palpus dark brown and rusty-brown to fuscous dorsally, light brown and brown ventrally; frons and vertex dark rusty-brown to fuscous. Thorax: Patagia same as vertex; dorsum and tegula creamy white irrorated with brown and fuscous; pleura cream and light brown, mixed with light brown and brown to fuscous; venter similar to pleura, but colouring somewhat darker and a brown to fuscous patch on prothorax. Legs, forewing and hindwing similar to male in colour and patterns. Abdomen: Mostly brown dorsally, mixed with cream scales; cream ventrally, irrorated with dark brown. Female genitalia (Figs 125, 126): Genitalia wide with ovipositor fairly short; sternite 8 developed and triangular in shape; intersegmental membrane between abdominal segments 7 and 8 forming two large sclerotized lobes, with many cuticular wrinkles, on either side of ostium opening; ductus bursae somewhat shortened, with many longitudinal cuticular wrinkles along entire length; corpus bursae small and oblong, approximately 0.5¥ length of bursa copulatrix. Distribution: Known only from Costa Rica. Holotype: ♂; COSTA RICA: CARTAGO: Tuis, 2400 ft: vi.1907, W. Schaus (USNM) [examined]. Material examined: COSTA RICA: ALAJUELA: Sector Colonia Palmarena, 700 m: 1 ♂, x.1995, J. C. Saborio (INBio). CARTAGO: Tuis: 1 ♂, June, Schaus & Barnes, slide USNM 85615 (USNM). Turrialba, Parque Nacional Barbilla, Estación Barbilla, 500 m: 1 ♂, vi.2001, L. Chavarria (INBio). Turrialba, 600 m: 1 ♂, 10.vi.1972, V. Becker, slide USNM 96057 (VOB). GUANACASTE: Estación Pitilla, 9 km S. Santa Cecilia, 700 m: 1 ♂, 9–14.vii.1993, Gredy, Diego, Carlos (students), slide USNM 85645 (USNM). LIMON: Estación Cuatro Esquinas, Parque Nacional Tortuguero, 0 m: 1 ♂, iii.1993, R. Delgado (INBio). Estación Hitoy Cerere, R. Cerere Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, 100 m: 1 ♀, x.1992, G. Carballo, slide USNM 96044 (USNM). SAN JOSÉ: Estación Carillo, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, 700 m: 1 ♂, v.1985, I. & A. Chacon (INBio). Host: Unknown. Flight period: March to October. Discussion: The relatively large wingspan and presence of a prominent, curved, dark brown band in the terminal patch of the forewing readily distinguishes this species from all other members of the subfamily. Diagnostic features of the male genitalia include the large spine protruding from the sacculus, broad gnathos with heavily sclerotized ridges along the medial–apical area, and presence of a large, round and laterally flattened lobe that forms the rostellum on the aedoeagus (Fig. 84)., Published as part of Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia & Mitter, Charles, 2008, A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), pp. 222-277 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2) on pages 270-271, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5446371, {"references":["Schaus W. 1911. New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 8: 628 - 629, 633.","Donahue JP. 1995. Cossidae. In: Heppner JB, ed. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera: Checklist, Part 2 - Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea. Gainesville, FL: Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Inc, 126."]}

BIOCELLATA BIFIDA SP. NOV. (FIGS 22, 55, 56, 90, 136) Male (Fig. 22): Forewing length: 15–17 mm. Head: Antenna with shaft and rami creamy white; labial palpus brown dorsally, creamy white with some light brown ventrally; frons creamy white; vertex creamy white, irrorated with brownish grey. Thorax: Patagia creamy white, heavily irrorated with brownish grey; dorsum and tegula with scales creamy white and creamy white basally, greyish brown apically; pleura cream; venter mostly brown with some cream. Legs with femur and tibia cream, irrorated with brown; fore tarsi cream, light brown, and brown; mid and hind tarsi brown, banded creamy brown distally on each tarsomere. Forewing creamy white with numerous grey transverse striae throughout wing dorsally; the two most distinct and largest of these striae located basally and medially along wing; subcostal region creamy white and mostly lacking striae; numerous short, transverse, grey and dark brown striae along costal margin; two dark brown to fuscous spots subterminally; fringe banded light creamy gold and brownish grey; forewing mostly light brown ventrally with some cream; numerous short, transverse, dark brown striae along costal margin. Hindwing creamy white dorsally; some creamy light brown along apical margin; fringe can be slightly banded grey and creamy white, but mostly creamy white; hindwing mostly creamy white ventrally. Abdomen: Mostly cream and creamy white dorsally; cream and brown ventrally; A8 cream with slight light brown. Male genitalia (Figs 55, 56, 90): Valva subtrapezoidal, approximately 0.9¥ length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.5¥ length of genital capsule; saccular process absent, with sacculus heavily sclerotized and bearing flattened rugosities; juxta process small and slender; bridge of gnathos strongly bifurcate, with extending arms slightly upcurved and apex of each arm acute; each arm with a serrate ridge ventrally; uncus shallowly bifurcate, with apices acute. Aedoeagus with sclerotized plate formed mediad, where juxta attaches; rostellum long and slender, inwardly curving, with apex acuminate as viewed laterally; a patch of triangular spines on one side, along margin where vesica emerges from aedoeagus; rostellum becoming slightly more narrow than aedoeagus as viewed ventrally, with apex rounded. Female: Unknown. Distribution: Known only from Heredia and Limon Provinces, Costa Rica., Published as part of Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia & Mitter, Charles, 2008, A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), pp. 222-277 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2) on pages 244-245, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5446371

COSSULA BUSPINA SP. NOV. (FIGS 36, 73, 74, 99, 140) Male (Fig. 36): Forewing length: 24 mm. Head: Antenna with shaft and rami dark brown; labial palpus dark rusty-brown; frons rusty-brown with light brown; vertex fuscous. Thorax: Patagia mostly fuscous with some dark brown; dorsum and tegula dark brown and fuscous; pleura brown; venter dark brown and fuscous. Legs with femur and tibia dark brown and dark rustybrown; tibia dark brown and faintly banded brown distally on each tarsomere. Forewing primarily dark brown dorsally; costal margin fuscous; a fuscous patch at basal region of discal cell to 1A+2A; terminal patch consisting of a brown background, a dark brown margin, and two dark brown, quadrangular spots on background; fringe brown; forewing dark brown ventrally, with short, transverse, fuscous striae along costal margin. Hindwing dark brown dorsally and ventrally; fringe brown. Abdomen: Dark brown dorsally; dark brown to brown ventrally; A8 light brown. Male genitalia (Figs 73, 74, 99): Valva broad basally, narrowing and rounded apically as viewed laterally; length of valva approximately 0.7¥ length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.4¥ length of genital capsule; saccular process forming a long slender spine; juxta process slightly sclerotized and elongate; bridge of gnathos an elongate spiniform lobe; uncus bifurcate with apices rounded. Aedoeagus with mid-dorsal crest developed as viewed laterally; rostellum long, slender and slightly curved, with apex rounded; rostellum long and slender as viewed ventrally; vesica with small spines mostly basally. Female: Unknown. Distribution: Known only from the provinces of Puntarenas and Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Holotype: ♂; COSTA RICA: PUNTARENAS: Quepos, Parque Nacional Manuel Antonio, 80 m: ii.1991, R. Zuniga (INBio). Paratype: COSTA RICA: PUNTARENAS: Estación Pitilla, 9 km S. Santa Cecilia, P. N. Guanacaste, 700 m: 1 ♂, 9–14.vii.1993, Gredy, Diego, Carlos (estudiantes), slide USNM 85656 (USNM). Host: Unknown. Flight period: February and July. Etymology: Derived from the Latin prefix ‘bu-’ meaning ‘large’ and ‘spina’ meaning ‘thorn’. Cossula buspina refers to the large, spiniform saccular process present on the valvae of the male genitalia. Discussion: Because the body and wings of the only two specimens available for study are partially denuded, the description of the body colour and wing patterns are somewhat incomplete. Although the wings are slightly denuded, the generally dark brown body and wings and dark brown fuscous spot near the base of the forewing discal cell are evident and characteristic for this species. The relatively narrow forewings are also diagnostic for buspina. The male genitalia of buspina are distinct in possessing an elongate spine projecting from the sacculus and in the proportionately small size of the gnathos, uncus and elongate valvae in comparison with the length of the genital capsule. C. buspina is most similar to Cossula ardosiata; however, the male aedoeagus of buspina possesses small spines near the base of the vesica and a smooth rostellum, whereas ardosiata lacks spines on the vesica and bears small spines covering the base of the rostellum.

SIMPLICIVALVA GEN. NOV. Type species: Arbela philobia Druce (1898) (by present designation). Description Male: Forewing length: 13–20 mm. Female: Forewing length: 14–21 mm. Head: Antenna with inner serrate rami reduced in size; scales on antennal shaft mostly cream, with some pale brown; labial palpus cream to light brown ventrally, and mostly light to dark brown dorsally, sometimes nearly fuscous; frons creamy white, cream and pale brown to dark brown and grey-brown, and often irrorated with brown or fuscous; vertex same as frons. Thorax: Forewing often with a terminal patch or patterned area, such as spots, at distal area adjacent to termen. Wing venation slightly variable; R 2 of forewing most often fused and forked with R 3, sometimes separate; R 3 or R 2+3 of forewing always separate from R 4; R 4 of forewing always separate from R 5. Abdomen: Typically cream to light brown dorsally and ventrally; occasionally light to dark brown or greyish dark brown. Male genitalia: Valva oblong and rounded terminally, with terminal end slightly upcurved, and occasionally shortened and truncate; saccular process often reduced to a small sclerotized ridge, but can be spiniform, with spine-like projection variable in size, length and number of spines; spines are usually small and curved, and arise near the base of the valva, slightly above the sacculus; valva area between sacculus and costa sometimes with modifications, such as small spines; base of costa with basal lobe variable, most often reduced and not pronounced; occasionally pronounced and projecting at an angle or pronounced but flattened and not projecting at an angle. Uncus variable, mostly simple, but sometimes shallowly bifid; elongate and fairly slender, often protruding beyond valvae, although not always; setae sparsely located along uncus. Invagination between tergite 9 of genital capsule and uncus most often curving around base of gnathos. Gnathos bridge mostly elongate, slender, and with a ridge along the midline, but sometimes flattened and without a ridge; arms fairly long and slender, typically not protruding beyond bridge, but can be bilobed, and not recurving into tergite 9. Anal tube mostly membranous, but can be lightly sclerotized. Juxta process variable, typically short, mostly fused to valva, and membranous, although can be elongate and free from valva; aedoeagus with dorsal crest variable, normally present, reduced in size, but can be absent or developed and prominent; coecum mostly developed and curved upward; rostellum digitiform and slender, with apex acute or subacute and rounded; vesica with spines sometimes absent, and when present, spines minute and setiform. Female genitalia: Sternite 8 developed and triangular, with sides slightly concave. Intersegmental membrane between abdominal sternites 7 and 8 developed, often partially covering sternite 8 and forming a hood from which ostium opens underneath. Ductus bursae variable, from elongate to short. Corpus bursae variable, from large and oblong when ductus is shortened, to small, oblong and ovoid when ductus is elongate. Etymology: Derived from the Latin ‘simplex’ meaning ‘simplicity’. Simplicivalva refers to the simple form of the valvae in the male genitalia, in which the saccular process is reduced to a weak ridge or is completely absent. Discussion: Because the wing patterns within Simplicivalva appear so variable, the male genitalia offer the best diagnoses for the genus. In particular, the valvae are characteristic in being relatively large and oblong with upturned apices; the sacculus usually lacks a process but may possess other modifications such as a sclerotized ridge, a basal spine, or a basal patch of spines; the gnathos is usually long and slender, with a prominent ridge along the midline and an apical lobe which occasionally is bilobed. From the few females available for examination, it appears that the female genitalia exhibit no significant characters for generic diagnosis., Published as part of Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia & Mitter, Charles, 2008, A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), pp. 222-277 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2) on page 257, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5446371, {"references":["Druce H. 1898. Lepidoptera-Heterocera. Biologica Centrali- Americana 2 (suppl.): 450."]}

SPINULATA OBLONGATA SP. NOV. (FIGS 28, 63, 64, 94, 138) Male (Fig. 28): Forewing length: 17 mm. Head: Antenna pale brown; labial palpi cream ventrally, brown dorsally; frons cream; vertex with scales cream basally and rusty-brown apically. Thorax: Patagia same colour as vertex. Dorsum and tegula same as patagia except scales brown to rustybrown apically; metathorax brown; pleura creamy white; venter creamy white, lightly irrorated with brown, with a small brown patch directly behind head. Legs with femur and tibia cream mesally and cream irrorated with brown laterally; tarsi brown, irrorated with cream. Forewing greyish brown dorsally; one large, dark rusty-brown spot immediately before middle, and several smaller spots of same colour dispersed around larger spot; several striae traversing distal half of wing, alternating between a darker and lighter brown; basal two-thirds of costal margin with short fuscous striae; fringe brown to cream; forewing brown ventrally with faint brown, transverse striae; cream to pale brown apically. Hindwing brown dorsally and ventrally; fringe mostly cream with some pale brown. Abdomen: Rusty-brown dorsally; pale brown and cream ventrally; A8 cream. Male genitalia (Figs 63, 64, 94): Valva rounded at apex; length of valva approximately 0.7¥ length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.5¥ length of genital capsule. Saccular process with an oblong patch of spines. Juxta process elongate. Gnathos broadly curved. Uncus elongate and digitiform, with acute apex. Aedoeagus slightly curved, tapering to an acute rostellum as viewed laterally; apex subacute as viewed ventrally. Female: Unknown. Distribution: Known only from the provinces of Puntarenas and Guanacaste, Costa Rica, and Pichincha, Ecuador. Holotype: ♂; COSTA RICA: GUANACASTE: Sector Las Pailas, 4.5 km SW del Volcán Rincón de la Vieja, 800 m, 23.vii.–6.viii.1995, K. Taylor, slide USNM 85637 (INBio). Paratypes: COSTA RICA: PUNTARENAS: Sendero El Ripario 3 km NE del Progreso, 1300 m: 1 ♂, 7–9.v.1997, A. P. Luz, slide USNM 85784, (USNM). ECUADOR: PICHINCHA: Tinalandia, 700 m, 1 ♂, 19.v.1985, C. V. Covell Jr., slide USNM 85726 (USNM). Host: Unknown. Flight period: May and August. Etymology: Derived from the Latin ‘oblongus’ meaning ‘longer than broad’. Spinulata oblongata refers to the elongate, oblong shape of the spine patch on the valvae in the male genitalia. Discussion: This species can be differentiated from other members of the maruga species group by characters of the male genitalia and wing pattern. The hindwing of this species is entirely medium to dark brown in colour, in contrast to other members in this complex, which have cream or light brown hindwings, or in a few specimens, shaded partially with cream and partially with light brown. This species also posesses a greater number of dark brown spots on the forewing than any other species in the complex. The arrangement of spots in oblongata also differs in possessing a greater number of spots in the longitudinal row nearest the inner margin than in maruga. The male genitalia exhibit several characters that distinguish oblongata from other members of the maruga species group. Most notable is the shape of the spine patch protruding from the sacculus on the male valvae (Fig. 63). This patch is oblong and nearly a figure of eight in shape, with the middle of the patch slightly constricted. The saccular processes of the maruga group differ in being larger, usually with many acute angles that are often elongate. The lateral margins of the spine patch are more angular in oblongata., Published as part of Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia & Mitter, Charles, 2008, A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), pp. 222-277 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2) on page 255, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5446371

COSSULA DUPLEXATA SP. NOV. (FIGS 43, 81, 82, 103, 143) Male (Fig. 43): Forewing length: 22 mm. Head: Antenna light brown; labial palpus rustybrown dorsally and ventrally; frons rusty-brown; vertex dark rusty-brown to fuscous. Thorax: Patagia same colour as vertex; tegula and dorsum mixed with white, brown and fuscous scales; pleura mostly brown, with some white along base of forewing; venter mostly brown, mixed with creamy white and light brown; a dark brown to fuscous patch below labial palps, ventrally. Legs mostly rustybrown, lighter brown mesally. Forewing a mix of different shades of brown dorsally, mixed with creamy white; several short fuscous striae traversing wing, with few striae along costal and inner margins; an elongate fuscous spot beginning at base of discal cell and extending towards inner angle; terminal patch with outer margin greyish brown and inner margin dark brown to fuscous; a brown to fuscous spot separate from terminal patch between CuA 1 and CuA 2; fringe different shades of brown; forewing mostly brown ventrally, with a mix of cream along wing; costal margin cream and brown banded. Hindwing brown dorsally and ventrally; fringe different shades of brown. Abdomen: Brown to dark brown dorsally and laterally; mostly light brown and cream ventrally; A7–8 light brown and cream. Male genitalia (Figs 81, 82, 103): Valva oblong and rounded apically; length of valva approximately 0.7¥ length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.03¥ length of genital capsule; sacculus with a lenticular ridge running lengthwise and developing terminally into a blunt spinose process; juxta process elongate and wide; gnathos arms short; gnathos bridge elongate and narrow, broadly downcurved as viewed laterally, subacute terminally and apressed to uncus; uncus elongate and narrow, downcurved with gnathos bridge, with apex truncate and shallowly bifurcate. Aedoeagus becoming wider towards rostellum, as viewed laterally; rostellum short, knob-like and blunt apically; vesica with a dense covering of small spines at distal end where ductus ejaculatorius emerges. Female: Unknown. Distribution: Known only from the type locality, Costa Rica. Holotype: ♂; COSTA RICA: CARTAGO: Moravia de Chirripo, 1100 m: 16.iv.1983, A. M. Chavarria, slide USNM 96036 (INBio). Host: Unknown. Flight period: April (unique record). Etymology: Derived from the Latin suffix ‘-atus’ meaning ‘imitate’ or ‘copy’. Cossula duplexata refers to its similarity to C. duplex. Discussion: This species most closely resembles C. duplex in wing pattern and colour, and an undescribed species from Brazil in male genital morphology. Cossula duplexata differs from duplex in possessing a smaller, fuscous scale patch at the base of the forewing discal cell (Fig. 43). The male genitalia of duplexata differs from the Brazilian species in possessing a more curved, caudal apex of the gnathos and in the distinctly shorter, broader saccular process of the valvae (Fig. 81). In the Brazilian species the gnathos is not curved and the saccular process is long and slender., Published as part of Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia & Mitter, Charles, 2008, A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), pp. 222-277 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2) on pages 269-270, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5446371