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17 results on '"Genomics England Research Consortium"'

1. Dominant Cone Rod Dystrophy, Previously Assigned to a Missense Variant in RIMS1, Is Fully Explained by Co-Inheritance of a Dominant Allele of PROM1

Author

Martin-Gutierrez, Maria Pilar, Schiff, Elena R, Wright, Genevieve, Waseem, Naushin, Mahroo, Omar A, Michaelides, Michel, Moore, Anthony T, Webster, Andrew R, and Arno, Gavin

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology and Optometry, Neurosciences, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, Genetics, Biotechnology, Rare Diseases, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Eye, AC133 Antigen, Alleles, Cone-Rod Dystrophies, Humans, Mutation, Mutation, Missense, Pedigree, Phenotype, Retinal Dystrophies, Retinitis Pigmentosa, RIMS1, PROM1, CORD7, autosomal dominant cone rod dystrophy, Genomics England Research Consortium, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Ophthalmology & Optometry, Ophthalmology and optometry
Abstract

PurposeAutosomal dominant cone rod dystrophy 7 (CORD7) was initially linked to the gene RIMS1 and reported in a 4-generation British family in 1998. The purpose of this study was to investigate the legitimacy of this association, and to correctly characterize the genetic cause of this condition.MethodsThe allele frequency of RIMS1 c.2459G>A, p.Arg820His, was investigated in the Genomes Aggregation Dataset (gnomAD) datasets and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed for 4 members of the CORD7 family with filtering of rare pathogenic variants in a virtual gene panel comprising all genes known to be associated with inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD). Cytogenetic analysis was performed to rule out interchromosomal translocation.ResultsRIMS1 p.Arg820His has a maximal carrier frequency of >1:5000 in Europeans. A previously well-characterized PROM1 variant: c.1118C>T, p.Arg373Cys, was detected in 9 affected members of the CORD7 family who underwent WGS or direct sequencing. One affected family member is now known to have macular dystrophy in the absence of RIMS1 p.Arg820His. Clinical analysis of affected family members and 27 individuals with retinopathy associated with the same - PROM1 - variant showed consistent phenotypes.ConclusionsThe case for pathogenicity of RIMS1 p.Arg820His is not strong based on its presence on 10 alleles in the gnomAD dataset and absence from additional CORD affected individuals. The finding of a known pathogenic variant in PROM1 correlates well with the phenotypic characteristics of the affected individuals, and is likely to account for the condition. Clear evidence of association between RIMS1 and a retinal dystrophy is yet to be described.

Published
2022

2. Mendelian gene identification through mouse embryo viability screening

Author

Cacheiro, Pilar, Westerberg, Carl Henrik, Mager, Jesse, Dickinson, Mary E, Nutter, Lauryl MJ, Muñoz-Fuentes, Violeta, Hsu, Chih-Wei, Van den Veyver, Ignatia B, Flenniken, Ann M, McKerlie, Colin, Murray, Stephen A, Teboul, Lydia, Heaney, Jason D, Lloyd, KC Kent, Lanoue, Louise, Braun, Robert E, White, Jacqueline K, Creighton, Amie K, Laurin, Valerie, Guo, Ruolin, Qu, Dawei, Wells, Sara, Cleak, James, Bunton-Stasyshyn, Rosie, Stewart, Michelle, Harrisson, Jackie, Mason, Jeremy, Haseli Mashhadi, Hamed, Parkinson, Helen, Mallon, Ann-Marie, and Smedley, Damian

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Biotechnology, Human Genome, Rare Diseases, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Animals, Embryo, Mammalian, Female, Genes, Lethal, Homozygote, Humans, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Phenotype, Pregnancy, International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, Genomics England Research Consortium, Clinical Sciences
Abstract

BackgroundThe diagnostic rate of Mendelian disorders in sequencing studies continues to increase, along with the pace of novel disease gene discovery. However, variant interpretation in novel genes not currently associated with disease is particularly challenging and strategies combining gene functional evidence with approaches that evaluate the phenotypic similarities between patients and model organisms have proven successful. A full spectrum of intolerance to loss-of-function variation has been previously described, providing evidence that gene essentiality should not be considered as a simple and fixed binary property.MethodsHere we further dissected this spectrum by assessing the embryonic stage at which homozygous loss-of-function results in lethality in mice from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, classifying the set of lethal genes into one of three windows of lethality: early, mid, or late gestation lethal. We studied the correlation between these windows of lethality and various gene features including expression across development, paralogy and constraint metrics together with human disease phenotypes. We explored a gene similarity approach for novel gene discovery and investigated unsolved cases from the 100,000 Genomes Project.ResultsWe found that genes in the early gestation lethal category have distinct characteristics and are enriched for genes linked with recessive forms of inherited metabolic disease. We identified several genes sharing multiple features with known biallelic forms of inborn errors of the metabolism and found signs of enrichment of biallelic predicted pathogenic variants among early gestation lethal genes in patients recruited under this disease category. We highlight two novel gene candidates with phenotypic overlap between the patients and the mouse knockouts.ConclusionsInformation on the developmental period at which embryonic lethality occurs in the knockout mouse may be used for novel disease gene discovery that helps to prioritise variants in unsolved rare disease cases.

Published
2022

3. SSBP1-Disease Update: Expanding the Genetic and Clinical Spectrum, Reporting Variable Penetrance and Confirming Recessive Inheritance

Author

Jurkute, Neringa, D'Esposito, Fabiana, Robson, Anthony G, Pitceathly, Robert DS, Cordeiro, Francesca, Raymond, F Lucy, Moore, Anthony T, Michaelides, Michel, Yu-Wai-Man, Patrick, Webster, Andrew R, and Arno, Gavin

Subjects
Human Genome, Genetics, Neurosciences, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, Rare Diseases, Clinical Research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Eye, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Amino Acid Sequence, Child, Preschool, DNA, Mitochondrial, DNA-Binding Proteins, Electroretinography, Female, Genes, Recessive, Genotyping Techniques, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mitochondrial Diseases, Mitochondrial Proteins, Molecular Conformation, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Missense, Optic Atrophy, Pedigree, Penetrance, Protein Stability, Protein Structure, Quaternary, Retinal Dystrophies, Whole Genome Sequencing, SSBP1, mtSSB, mtDNA replication, inherited optic neuropathy, retinal dystrophy, Genomics England Research Consortium, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Ophthalmology & Optometry
Abstract

PurposeTo report novel genotypes and expand the phenotype spectrum of SSBP1-disease and explore potential disease mechanism.MethodsFive families with previously unsolved optic atrophy and retinal dystrophy underwent whole genome sequencing as part of the National Institute for Health Research BioResource Rare-Diseases and the UK's 100,000 Genomes Project. In silico analysis and protein modelling was performed on the identified variants. Deep phenotyping including retinal imaging and International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision standard visual electrophysiology was performed.ResultsSeven individuals from five unrelated families with bilateral optic atrophy and/or retinal dystrophy with extraocular signs and symptoms in some are described. In total, 6 SSBP1 variants were identified including the previously unreported variants: c.151A>G, p.(Lys51Glu), c.335G>A p.(Gly112Glu), and c.380G>A, p.(Arg127Gln). One individual was found to carry biallelic variants (c.380G>A p.(Arg127Gln); c.394A>G p.(Ile132Val)) associated with likely autosomal recessive SSBP1-disease. In silico analysis predicted all variants to be pathogenic and Three-dimensional protein modelling suggested possible disease mechanisms via decreased single-stranded DNA binding affinity or impaired higher structure formation.ConclusionsSSBP1 is essential for mitochondrial DNA replication and maintenance, with defects leading to a spectrum of disease that includes optic atrophy and/or retinal dystrophy, occurring with or without extraocular features. This study provides evidence of intrafamilial variability and confirms the existence of an autosomal recessive inheritance in SSBP1-disease consequent upon a previously unreported genotype.

Published
2021

4. Biallelic variants in HPDL cause pure and complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia.

Author

Wiessner, Manuela, Maroofian, Reza, Ni, Meng-Yuan, Pedroni, Andrea, Müller, Juliane S, Stucka, Rolf, Beetz, Christian, Efthymiou, Stephanie, Santorelli, Filippo M, Alfares, Ahmed A, Zhu, Changlian, Uhrova Meszarosova, Anna, Alehabib, Elham, Bakhtiari, Somayeh, Janecke, Andreas R, Otero, Maria Gabriela, Chen, Jin Yun Helen, Peterson, James T, Strom, Tim M, De Jonghe, Peter, Deconinck, Tine, De Ridder, Willem, De Winter, Jonathan, Pasquariello, Rossella, Ricca, Ivana, Alfadhel, Majid, van de Warrenburg, Bart P, Portier, Ruben, Bergmann, Carsten, Ghasemi Firouzabadi, Saghar, Jin, Sheng Chih, Bilguvar, Kaya, Hamed, Sherifa, Abdelhameed, Mohammed, Haridy, Nourelhoda A, Maqbool, Shazia, Rahman, Fatima, Anwar, Najwa, Carmichael, Jenny, Pagnamenta, Alistair, Wood, Nick W, Tran Mau-Them, Frederic, Haack, Tobias, Di Rocco, Maja, Ceccherini, Isabella, Iacomino, Michele, Zara, Federico, Salpietro, Vincenzo, Scala, Marcello, Rusmini, Marta, Xu, Yiran, Wang, Yinghong, Suzuki, Yasuhiro, Koh, Kishin, Nan, Haitian, Ishiura, Hiroyuki, Tsuji, Shoji, Lambert, Laëtitia, Schmitt, Emmanuelle, Lacaze, Elodie, Küpper, Hanna, Dredge, David, Skraban, Cara, Goldstein, Amy, Willis, Mary JH, Grand, Katheryn, Graham, John M, Lewis, Richard A, Millan, Francisca, Duman, Özgür, Dündar, Nihal, Uyanik, Gökhan, Schöls, Ludger, Nürnberg, Peter, Nürnberg, Gudrun, Catala Bordes, Andrea, Seeman, Pavel, Kuchar, Martin, Darvish, Hossein, Rebelo, Adriana, Bouçanova, Filipa, Medard, Jean-Jacques, Chrast, Roman, Auer-Grumbach, Michaela, Alkuraya, Fowzan S, Shamseldin, Hanan, Al Tala, Saeed, Rezazadeh Varaghchi, Jamileh, Najafi, Maryam, Deschner, Selina, Gläser, Dieter, Hüttel, Wolfgang, Kruer, Michael C, Kamsteeg, Erik-Jan, Takiyama, Yoshihisa, Züchner, Stephan, Baets, Jonathan, Synofzik, Matthis, Schüle, Rebecca, and Horvath, Rita

Subjects
Neurosciences, Neurodegenerative, Genetics, Clinical Research, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Neurological, Animals, Female, Humans, Male, Mice, Mutation, Oxygenases, Pedigree, Rats, Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary, Zebrafish, hereditary spastic paraplegia, HSP, autosomal recessive, mitochondrial disorder, HPDL, Genomics England Research Consortium, PREPARE network, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

Human 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-like (HPDL) is a putative iron-containing non-heme oxygenase of unknown specificity and biological significance. We report 25 families containing 34 individuals with neurological disease associated with biallelic HPDL variants. Phenotypes ranged from juvenile-onset pure hereditary spastic paraplegia to infantile-onset spasticity and global developmental delays, sometimes complicated by episodes of neurological and respiratory decompensation. Variants included bona fide pathogenic truncating changes, although most were missense substitutions. Functionality of variants could not be determined directly as the enzymatic specificity of HPDL is unknown; however, when HPDL missense substitutions were introduced into 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD, an HPDL orthologue), they impaired the ability of HPPD to convert 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate into homogentisate. Moreover, three additional sets of experiments provided evidence for a role of HPDL in the nervous system and further supported its link to neurological disease: (i) HPDL was expressed in the nervous system and expression increased during neural differentiation; (ii) knockdown of zebrafish hpdl led to abnormal motor behaviour, replicating aspects of the human disease; and (iii) HPDL localized to mitochondria, consistent with mitochondrial disease that is often associated with neurological manifestations. Our findings suggest that biallelic HPDL variants cause a syndrome varying from juvenile-onset pure hereditary spastic paraplegia to infantile-onset spastic tetraplegia associated with global developmental delays.

Published
2021

5. Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in BCAS3 cause a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder

Author

Hengel, Holger, Hannan, Shabab B, Dyack, Sarah, MacKay, Sara B, Schatz, Ulrich, Fleger, Martin, Kurringer, Andreas, Balousha, Ghassan, Ghanim, Zaid, Alkuraya, Fowzan S, Alzaidan, Hamad, Alsaif, Hessa S, Mitani, Tadahiro, Bozdogan, Sevcan, Pehlivan, Davut, Lupski, James R, Gleeson, Joseph J, Dehghani, Mohammadreza, Mehrjardi, Mohammad YV, Sherr, Elliott H, Parks, Kendall C, Argilli, Emanuela, Begtrup, Amber, Galehdari, Hamid, Balousha, Osama, Shariati, Gholamreza, Mazaheri, Neda, Malamiri, Reza A, Pagnamenta, Alistair T, Kingston, Helen, Banka, Siddharth, Jackson, Adam, Osmond, Mathew, Consortium, Care4Rare Canada, Consortium, Genomics England Research, Rieß, Angelika, Haack, Tobias B, Nägele, Thomas, Schuster, Stefanie, Hauser, Stefan, Admard, Jakob, Casadei, Nicolas, Velic, Ana, Macek, Boris, Ossowski, Stephan, Houlden, Henry, Maroofian, Reza, and Schöls, Ludger

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Human Genome, Brain Disorders, Congenital Structural Anomalies, Pediatric, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Cell Movement, Child, Child, Preschool, Drosophila, Female, Fibroblasts, Humans, Infant, Loss of Function Mutation, Loss of Heterozygosity, Male, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Neoplasm Proteins, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Pedigree, Proteome, Young Adult, Care4Rare Canada Consortium, Genomics England Research Consortium, BCAS3, UAS-Gal4, fibroblasts, global developmental delay, microcephaly, neurodevelopmental disorder, proteomics, pyramidal tract involvement, thin corpus callosum, transcriptomics, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

BCAS3 microtubule-associated cell migration factor (BCAS3) is a large, highly conserved cytoskeletal protein previously proposed to be critical in angiogenesis and implicated in human embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. Here, we established BCAS3 loss-of-function variants as causative for a neurodevelopmental disorder. We report 15 individuals from eight unrelated families with germline bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in BCAS3. All probands share a global developmental delay accompanied by pyramidal tract involvement, microcephaly, short stature, strabismus, dysmorphic facial features, and seizures. The human phenotype is less severe compared with the Bcas3 knockout mouse model and cannot be explained by angiogenic defects alone. Consistent with being loss-of-function alleles, we observed absence of BCAS3 in probands' primary fibroblasts. By comparing the transcriptomic and proteomic data based on probands' fibroblasts with those of the knockout mouse model, we identified similar dysregulated pathways resulting from over-representation analysis, while the dysregulation of some proposed key interactors could not be confirmed. Together with the results from a tissue-specific Drosophila loss-of-function model, we demonstrate a vital role for BCAS3 in neural tissue development.

Published
2021

6. Expanding the FDXR-Associated Disease Phenotype: Retinal Dystrophy Is a Recurrent Ocular Feature

Author

Jurkute, Neringa, Shanmugarajah, Priya D, Hadjivassiliou, Marios, Higgs, Jenny, Vojcic, Miodrag, Horrocks, Iain, Nadjar, Yann, Touitou, Valerie, Lenaers, Guy, Poh, Roy, Acheson, James, Robson, Anthony G, Raymond, F Lucy, Reilly, Mary M, Yu-Wai-Man, Patrick, Moore, Anthony T, Webster, Andrew R, Arno, Gavin, and Consortium, for the Genomics England Research

Subjects
Rare Diseases, Clinical Research, Genetics, Biotechnology, Neurosciences, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, Human Genome, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Eye, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Electroretinography, Female, Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase, Humans, Male, Mutation, Missense, Pedigree, Phenotype, Retina, Retinal Dystrophies, Retrospective Studies, Visual Acuity, Exome Sequencing, Young Adult, FDXR, ferredoxin reductase, syndromic optic neuropathy, retinal dystrophy, neurodegenerative disorder, iron accumulation, Genomics England Research Consortium, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Ophthalmology & Optometry
Abstract

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to report retinal dystrophy as a novel clinical feature and expand the ocular phenotype in patients harboring biallelic candidate FDXR variants.MethodsPatients carrying biallelic candidate FDXR variants were identified by whole genome sequencing (WGS) as part of the National Institute for Health Research BioResource rare-disease and the UK's 100,000 Genomes Project (100KGP) with an additional case identified by exome sequencing. Retrospective clinical data were collected from the medical records. Haplotype reconstruction was performed in families harboring the same missense variant.ResultsTen individuals from 8 unrelated families with biallelic candidate variants in FDXR were identified. In addition to bilateral optic atrophy and variable extra-ocular findings, 7 of 10 individuals manifested retinal dystrophy comprising dysfunction and degeneration of both rod and cone photoreceptors. Five of 10 subjects had sensorineural hearing loss. The previously unreported missense variant (c.1115C > A, p.(Pro372His)) was found in 5 of 8 (62.5%) study families. Haplotype reconstruction using WGS data demonstrated a likely ancestral haplotype.ConclusionsFDXR-associated disease is a phenotypically heterogeneous disorder with retinal dystrophy being a major clinical feature observed in this cohort. In addition, we hypothesize that a number of factors are likely to drive the pathogenesis of optic atrophy, retinal degeneration, and perhaps the associated systemic manifestations.

Published
2021

7. Pathogenic Huntingtin Repeat Expansions in Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Author

Dewan, Ramita, Chia, Ruth, Ding, Jinhui, Hickman, Richard A, Stein, Thor D, Abramzon, Yevgeniya, Ahmed, Sarah, Sabir, Marya S, Portley, Makayla K, Tucci, Arianna, Ibáñez, Kristina, Shankaracharya, FNU, Keagle, Pamela, Rossi, Giacomina, Caroppo, Paola, Tagliavini, Fabrizio, Waldo, Maria L, Johansson, Per M, Nilsson, Christer F, Rowe, James B, Benussi, Luisa, Binetti, Giuliano, Ghidoni, Roberta, Jabbari, Edwin, Viollet, Coralie, Glass, Jonathan D, Singleton, Andrew B, Silani, Vincenzo, Ross, Owen A, Ryten, Mina, Torkamani, Ali, Tanaka, Toshiko, Ferrucci, Luigi, Resnick, Susan M, Pickering-Brown, Stuart, Brady, Christopher B, Kowal, Neil, Hardy, John A, Van Deerlin, Vivianna, Vonsattel, Jean Paul, Harms, Matt, Morris, Christopher M, Ferrari, Raffaele, Landers, John E, Chiò, Adriano, Gibbs, Jesse Raphael, Dalgard, Clifton L, Scholz, Sonja W, Traynor, Bryan J, Adeleye, Adelani, Alba, Camille, Bacikova, Dagmar, Hupalo, Daniel N, Martinez, Elisa McGrath, Pollard, Harvey B, Sukumar, Gauthaman, Soltis, Anthony R, Tuck, Meila, Zhang, Xijun, Wilkerson, Matthew D, Smith, Bradley N, Ticozzi, Nicola, Fallini, Claudia, Gkazi, Athina Soragia, Topp, Simon D, Kost, Jason, Scotter, Emma L, Kenna, Kevin P, Miller, Jack W, Tiloca, Cinzia, Vance, Caroline, Danielson, Eric W, Troakes, Claire, Colombrita, Claudia, Al-Sarraj, Safa, Lewis, Elizabeth A, King, Andrew, Calini, Daniela, Pensato, Viviana, Castellotti, Barbara, de Belleroche, Jacqueline, Baas, Frank, Asbroek, Anneloor LMA ten, Sapp, Peter C, McKenna-Yasek, Diane, McLaughlin, Russell L, Polak, Meraida, Asress, Seneshaw, Esteban-Pérez, Jesús, Muñoz-Blanco, José Luis, Stevic, Zorica, D’Alfonso, Sandra, Mazzini, Letizia, Comi, Giacomo P, Del Bo, Roberto, Ceroni, Mauro, Gagliardi, Stella, Querin, Giorgia, Bertolin, Cinzia, and van Rheenen, Wouter

Subjects
Genetics, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Clinical Research, Neurodegenerative, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (ADRD), ALS, Rare Diseases, Brain Disorders, Neurosciences, Huntington's Disease, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Neurological, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, DNA Repeat Expansion, Frontotemporal Dementia, Humans, Huntingtin Protein, Mutation, Whole Genome Sequencing, American Genome Center, FALS Sequencing Consortium, Genomics England Research Consortium, International ALS/FTD Genomics Consortium, International FTD Genetics Consortium, International LBD Genomics Consortium, NYGC ALS Consortium, PROSPECT Consortium, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, huntingtin, repeat expansions, whole-genome sequencing, Psychology, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

We examined the role of repeat expansions in the pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by analyzing whole-genome sequence data from 2,442 FTD/ALS patients, 2,599 Lewy body dementia (LBD) patients, and 3,158 neurologically healthy subjects. Pathogenic expansions (range, 40-64 CAG repeats) in the huntingtin (HTT) gene were found in three (0.12%) patients diagnosed with pure FTD/ALS syndromes but were not present in the LBD or healthy cohorts. We replicated our findings in an independent collection of 3,674 FTD/ALS patients. Postmortem evaluations of two patients revealed the classical TDP-43 pathology of FTD/ALS, as well as huntingtin-positive, ubiquitin-positive aggregates in the frontal cortex. The neostriatal atrophy that pathologically defines Huntington's disease was absent in both cases. Our findings reveal an etiological relationship between HTT repeat expansions and FTD/ALS syndromes and indicate that genetic screening of FTD/ALS patients for HTT repeat expansions should be considered.

Published
2021

8. Human and mouse essentiality screens as a resource for disease gene discovery

Author

Cacheiro, Pilar, Muñoz-Fuentes, Violeta, Murray, Stephen A, Dickinson, Mary E, Bucan, Maja, Nutter, Lauryl MJ, Peterson, Kevin A, Haselimashhadi, Hamed, Flenniken, Ann M, Morgan, Hugh, Westerberg, Henrik, Konopka, Tomasz, Hsu, Chih-Wei, Christiansen, Audrey, Lanza, Denise G, Beaudet, Arthur L, Heaney, Jason D, Fuchs, Helmut, Gailus-Durner, Valerie, Sorg, Tania, Prochazka, Jan, Novosadova, Vendula, Lelliott, Christopher J, Wardle-Jones, Hannah, Wells, Sara, Teboul, Lydia, Cater, Heather, Stewart, Michelle, Hough, Tertius, Wurst, Wolfgang, Sedlacek, Radislav, Adams, David J, Seavitt, John R, Tocchini-Valentini, Glauco, Mammano, Fabio, Braun, Robert E, McKerlie, Colin, Herault, Yann, de Angelis, Martin Hrabě, Mallon, Ann-Marie, Lloyd, KC Kent, Brown, Steve DM, Parkinson, Helen, Meehan, Terrence F, and Smedley, Damian

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Biotechnology, Human Genome, Prevention, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, Disease, Genes, Essential, Genetic Association Studies, Genomics, Humans, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Genomics England Research Consortium, International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium
Abstract

The identification of causal variants in sequencing studies remains a considerable challenge that can be partially addressed by new gene-specific knowledge. Here, we integrate measures of how essential a gene is to supporting life, as inferred from viability and phenotyping screens performed on knockout mice by the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium and essentiality screens carried out on human cell lines. We propose a cross-species gene classification across the Full Spectrum of Intolerance to Loss-of-function (FUSIL) and demonstrate that genes in five mutually exclusive FUSIL categories have differing biological properties. Most notably, Mendelian disease genes, particularly those associated with developmental disorders, are highly overrepresented among genes non-essential for cell survival but required for organism development. After screening developmental disorder cases from three independent disease sequencing consortia, we identify potentially pathogenic variants in genes not previously associated with rare diseases. We therefore propose FUSIL as an efficient approach for disease gene discovery.

Published
2020

9. Regulatory de novo mutations underlying intellectual disability

Author

Vas, Matías G. de, Boulet, Fanny, Joshi, Shweta S., Garstang, Myles G., Khan, Tahir N., Atla, Goutham, Parry, David, Moore, David, Cebola, Inês, Zhang, Shuchen, Cui, Wei, 1970, Lampe, Anne K., Lam, Wayne W., Genomics England Research Consortium, Ferrer, Jorge, Pradeepa, Madapura M., Atanur, Santosh S., Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council (MRC), Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding, and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

Subjects
Adult, Mutation/genetics, Ecology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Plant Science, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), Intellectual Disability/genetics, Genomics England Research Consortium, Intellectual Disability, Genes, Regulator, Mutation, Humans, Biological Assay, Alleles
Abstract

The genetic aetiology of a major fraction of patients with intellectual disability (ID) remains unknown. De novo mutations (DNMs) in protein-coding genes explain up to 40% of cases, but the potential role of regulatory DNMs is still poorly understood. We sequenced 63 whole genomes from 21 ID probands and their unaffected parents. In addition, we analysed 30 previously sequenced genomes from exome-negative ID probands. We found that regulatory DNMs were selectively enriched in fetal brain-specific enhancers as compared with adult brain enhancers. DNM-containing enhancers were associated with genes that show preferential expression in the prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, we identified recurrently mutated enhancer clusters that regulate genes involved in nervous system development (CSMD1, OLFM1, and POU3F3). Most of the DNMs from ID probands showed allele-specific enhancer activity when tested using luciferase assay. Using CRISPR-mediated mutation and editing of epigenomic marks, we show that DNMs at regulatory elements affect the expression of putative target genes. Our results, therefore, provide new evidence to indicate that DNMs in fetal brain-specific enhancers play an essential role in the aetiology of ID. This work was funded by grants from the Wellcome Trust Institute Strategic Support and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (P70888) obtained by SS Atanur. J Ferrer and MG De Vas’s work was funded by grants from the Wellcome Trust (WT101033 to J Ferrer), Medical Research Council (MR/L02036X/1 to J Ferrer), and European Research Council Advanced Grant (789055 to J Ferrer). MM Pradeepa’s lab is funded by the UKRI/MRC (MR/T000783/1), and Barts charity (MGU0475) grants. TN Khan was partially supported by the Government of Pakistan under the PSDP project “Development of National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi.”

Published
2023
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10. Biallelic variants in coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis pathway genes cause a retinitis pigmentosa phenotype

Author

Jurkute, Neringa, Cancellieri, Francesca, Pohl, Lisa, Li, Catherina HZ, Heaton, Robert A, Reurink, Janine, Bellingham, James, Quinodoz, Mathieu, Yioti, Georgia, Stefaniotou, Maria, Weener, Marianna, Zuleger, Theresia, Haack, Tobias B, Stingl, Katarina, Genomics England Research Consortium, Hoyng, Carel B, Mahroo, Omar A, Hargreaves, Iain, Raymond, F Lucy, Michaelides, Michel, Rivolta, Carlo, Kohl, Susanne, Roosing, Susanne, Webster, Andrew R, Arno, Gavin, Jurkute, Neringa [0000-0002-3092-7451], Cancellieri, Francesca [0000-0001-8476-5366], Reurink, Janine [0000-0002-5677-9258], Bellingham, James [0000-0003-3368-5221], Weener, Marianna [0000-0002-1089-4293], Stingl, Katarina [0000-0002-8132-911X], Mahroo, Omar A [0000-0003-1254-0832], Rivolta, Carlo [0000-0002-0733-9950], Kohl, Susanne [0000-0002-6438-6331], Roosing, Susanne [0000-0001-9038-0067], Arno, Gavin [0000-0002-6165-7888], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
692/699/3161/3165, 631/208/2489/144, Genomics England Research Consortium, article
Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis pathway defects in inherited retinal dystrophy. Individuals affected by inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) underwent exome or genome sequencing for molecular diagnosis of their condition. Following negative IRD gene panel analysis, patients carrying biallelic variants in CoQ10 biosynthesis pathway genes were identified. Clinical data were collected from the medical records. Haplotypes harbouring the same missense variant were characterised from family genome sequencing (GS) data and direct Sanger sequencing. Candidate splice variants were characterised using Oxford Nanopore Technologies single molecule sequencing. The CoQ10 status of the human plasma was determined in some of the study patients. 13 individuals from 12 unrelated families harboured candidate pathogenic genotypes in the genes: PDSS1, COQ2, COQ4 and COQ5. The PDSS1 variant c.589 A > G was identified in three affected individuals from three unrelated families on a possible ancestral haplotype. Three variants (PDSS1 c.468-25 A > G, PDSS1 c.722-2 A > G, COQ5 c.682-7 T > G) were shown to lead to cryptic splicing. 6 affected individuals were diagnosed with non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa and 7 had additional clinical findings. This study provides evidence of CoQ10 biosynthesis pathway gene defects leading to non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa in some cases. Intronic variants outside of the canonical splice-sites represent an important cause of disease. RT-PCR nanopore sequencing is effective in characterising these splice defects.

Published
2022
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11. Low grade mosaicism in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia identified by bidirectional whole genome sequencing reads through the 100,000 Genomes Project clinical diagnostic pipeline

Author

Clarke, J, Alikian, M, Xiao, S, Kasperaviciute, D, Thomas, E, Turbin, I, Rose, G, Olupona, K, Cifra, E, Curetean, E, Ferguson, T, Redhead, J, Genomics England Research Consortium, and Shovlin, C

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, 030105 genetics & heredity, Biology, Genome, DNA sequencing, 03 medical and health sciences, Molecular genetics, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Pathology, Molecular, Gene, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics (clinical), Genetics & Heredity, Whole genome sequencing, Whole Genome Sequencing, Mosaicism, Endoglin, Autosomal dominant trait, Genetic Variation, Membrane Proteins, ACVRL1, Heterozygote advantage, 06 Biological Sciences, Middle Aged, 030104 developmental biology, Genomics England Research Consortium, molecular genetics, Female, Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic, Genome-Wide Studies
Abstract

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has been championed within the UK National Health Service (NHS) and represents one of the approaches within the forthcoming UK National Genomic Test Directory to identify genetic variants that cause particular rare inherited diseases.1 Although diploid organisms such as man develop from a single cell, postzygotic somatic mutations occur and lead to mosaicism.2 Sufficiently early generation of a disease-causing DNA sequence variant can result in a mosaic individual who is the first member of a family to be affected by an inherited disorder.3 4 Their causative DNA sequence variant is likely to be present at less than the 50% expected for a heterozygote, and may be difficult to detect with confidence. Greater ability to detect mosaicism has been used to favour higher depth panel-based sequencing rather than WGS as, due to sequencing capacities, there are trade-offs between the number of target nucleotides sequenced and the average depth of reads at any given nucleotide. It is increasingly recognised that hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT5) is a condition where the first affected member of the family may be a mosaic.3 4 HHT is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait via a single pathogenic DNA sequence variant, usually in ENG , ACVRL1 or SMAD4 .5 There are hundreds of different pathogenic variants in these genes in different HHT families, all resulting in similar clinical features.6 HHT is diagnosed clinically by the presence of at least three Curacao Criteria: recurrent nosebleeds, mucocutaneous telangiectasia, visceral involvement such as pulmonary, hepatic, gastrointestinal or cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and an affected first-degree relative.5 A high index of suspicion for HHT is warranted, particularly in cases where more than one AVM is present or where multiple generations display these features. As we have shown, however, high proportions of …

Published
2020

12. Whole genome sequences discriminate hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia phenotypes by non-HHT deleterious DNA variation

Author

Joyce, KE, Onabanjo, E, Brownlow, S, Nur, F, Olupona, K, Fakayode, K, Sroya, M, Thomas, GA, Ferguson, T, Redhead, J, Millar, CM, Cooper, N, Layton, DM, Boardman-Pretty, F, Caulfield, MJ, Genomics England Research Consortium, GE, Shovlin, CL, and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

Subjects
Phenotype, Genomics England Research Consortium, Whole Genome Sequencing, Activin Receptors, Type II, Mutation, Genetic Variation, Humans, Hemorrhage, Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic, Hematology, DNA
Abstract

The abnormal vascular structures of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) often cause severe anemia due to recurrent hemorrhage, but HHT causal genes do not predict the severity of hematological complications. We tested for chance inheritance and clinical associations of rare deleterious variants in which loss-of-function causes bleeding or hemolytic disorders in the general population. In double-blinded analyses, all 104 patients with HHT from a single reference center recruited to the 100 000 Genomes Project were categorized on new MALO (more/as-expected/less/opposite) sub-phenotype severity scales, and whole genome sequencing data were tested for high impact variants in 75 HHT-independent genes encoding coagulation factors, or platelet, hemoglobin, erythrocyte enzyme, and erythrocyte membrane constituents. Rare variants (all gnomAD allele frequencies 15 were supported by gene-level mutation significance cutoff scores. CADD >15 variants were identified in 38/104 (36.5%) patients with HHT, found for 1 in 10 patients within platelet genes; 1 in 8 within coagulation genes; and 1 in 4 within erythrocyte hemolytic genes. In blinded analyses, patients with greater hemorrhagic severity that had been attributed solely to HHT vessels had more CADD-deleterious variants in platelet (Spearman ρ = 0.25; P = .008) and coagulation (Spearman ρ = 0.21; P = .024) genes. However, the HHT cohort had 60% fewer deleterious variants in platelet and coagulation genes than expected (Mann-Whitney test P = .021). In conclusion, patients with HHT commonly have rare variants in genes of relevance to their phenotype, offering new therapeutic targets and opportunities for informed, personalized medicine strategies.

Published
2022

13. Identification and validation of a novel pathogenic variant in GDF2 (BMP9) responsible for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations

Author

Balachandar, Srimmitha, Graves, Tamara J., Shimonty, Anika, Kerr, Katie, Kilner, Jill, Xiao, Sihao, Slade, Richard, Sroya, Manveer, Alikian, Mary, Curetean, Emanuel, Thomas, Ellen, McConnell, Vivienne P. M., McKee, Shane, Boardman-Pretty, Freya, Devereau, Andrew, Fowler, Tom A., Caulfield, Mark J., Alton, Eric W., Ferguson, Teena, Redhead, Julian, McKnight, Amy J., Thomas, Geraldine A., Aldred, Micheala A., Shovlin, Claire L., and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust

Subjects
Genetics & Heredity, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, 0604 Genetics, Science & Technology, MUTATIONS, bone morphogenetic protein 9, 1103 Clinical Sciences, GENE, Article, Genomics England Research Consortium, hemic and lymphatic diseases, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, JUVENILE POLYPOSIS, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, arteriovenous malformations
Abstract

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant multisystemic vascular dysplasia, characterized by arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), mucocutaneous telangiectasia and nosebleeds. HHT is caused by a heterozygous null allele in ACVRL1, ENG, or SMAD4, which encode proteins mediating bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Several missense and stop-gain variants identified in GDF2 (encoding BMP9) have been reported to cause a vascular anomaly syndrome similar to HHT, however none of these patients met diagnostic criteria for HHT. HHT families from UK NHS Genomic Medicine Centres were recruited to the Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project. Whole genome sequencing and tiering protocols identified a novel, heterozygous GDF2 sequence variant in all three affected members of one HHT family who had previously screened negative for ACVRL1, ENG, and SMAD4. All three had nosebleeds and typical HHT telangiectasia, and the proband also had severe pulmonary AVMs from childhood. In vitro studies showed the mutant construct expressed the proprotein but lacked active mature BMP9 dimer, suggesting the mutation disrupts correct cleavage of the protein. Plasma BMP9 levels in the patients were significantly lower than controls. In conclusion, we propose that this heterozygous GDF2 variant is a rare cause of HHT associated with pulmonary AVMs.

Published
2021

14. Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in BCAS3 cause a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder

Author

Angelika Rieß, Shabab B. Hannan, Hessa S. Alsaif, Tadahiro Mitani, Ghassan Balousha, Siddharth Banka, Kendall C. Parks, Reza Azizi Malamiri, Henry Houlden, James R. Lupski, Elliott H. Sherr, Emanuela Argilli, Joseph J. Gleeson, Osama Balousha, Jakob Admard, Thomas Nägele, Adam Jackson, Zaid Ghanim, Alistair T. Pagnamenta, Ana Velic, Sarah Dyack, Reza Maroofian, Holger Hengel, Hamad Al-Zaidan, Stefanie Schuster, Amber Begtrup, Neda Mazaheri, Helen Kingston, Stephan Ossowski, Davut Pehlivan, Ludger Schöls, Mohammad Yahya Vahidi Mehrjardi, Stefan Hauser, Tobias B. Haack, Sara MacKay, Gholamreza Shariati, Hamid Galehdari, Mathew Osmond, Nicolas Casadei, Martin Fleger, Sevcan Tug Bozdogan, Andreas Kurringer, Ulrich A. Schatz, Boris Macek, Fowzan S. Alkuraya, and Mohammadreza Dehghani

Subjects
Proband, Male, Microcephaly, metabolism [Neurodevelopmental Disorders], Care4Rare Canada Consortium, Proteome, Loss of Heterozygosity, Medical and Health Sciences, Germline, Mice, transcriptomics, Neurodevelopmental disorder, Neoplasm Proteins/genetics, Cell Movement, Loss of Function Mutation, thin corpus callosum, BCAS3, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Global developmental delay, microcephaly, Aetiology, Child, analysis [Proteome], Genetics (clinical), Fibroblasts/metabolism, Genetics, Mice, Knockout, Pediatric, Genetics & Heredity, 0303 health sciences, 030305 genetics & heredity, BCAS3 protein, human, Biological Sciences, ddc, Neoplasm Proteins, Pedigree, Child, Preschool, metabolism [Neoplasm Proteins], Knockout mouse, Drosophila, Female, UAS-Gal4, medicine.symptom, pathology [Fibroblasts], metabolism [Fibroblasts], Adult, Adolescent, pyramidal tract involvement, Knockout, global developmental delay, Biology, Short stature, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, proteomics, ddc:570, etiology [Neurodevelopmental Disorders], fibroblasts, Proteome/analysis, medicine, pathology [Neurodevelopmental Disorders], Neurodevelopmental Disorders/etiology, Animals, Humans, Allele, Preschool, 030304 developmental biology, genetics [Neoplasm Proteins], Human Genome, Infant, medicine.disease, neurodevelopmental disorder, Brain Disorders, Genomics England Research Consortium, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Congenital Structural Anomalies
Abstract

Summary BCAS3 microtubule-associated cell migration factor (BCAS3) is a large, highly conserved cytoskeletal protein previously proposed to be critical in angiogenesis and implicated in human embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. Here, we established BCAS3 loss-of-function variants as causative for a neurodevelopmental disorder. We report 15 individuals from eight unrelated families with germline bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in BCAS3. All probands share a global developmental delay accompanied by pyramidal tract involvement, microcephaly, short stature, strabismus, dysmorphic facial features, and seizures. The human phenotype is less severe compared with the Bcas3 knockout mouse model and cannot be explained by angiogenic defects alone. Consistent with being loss-of-function alleles, we observed absence of BCAS3 in probands’ primary fibroblasts. By comparing the transcriptomic and proteomic data based on probands’ fibroblasts with those of the knockout mouse model, we identified similar dysregulated pathways resulting from over-representation analysis, while the dysregulation of some proposed key interactors could not be confirmed. Together with the results from a tissue-specific Drosophila loss-of-function model, we demonstrate a vital role for BCAS3 in neural tissue development.

Published
2021
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15. Non-coding region variants upstream of MEF2C cause severe developmental disorder through three distinct loss-of-function mechanisms

Author

Wright, CF, Quaife, NM, Ramos-Hernández, L, Danecek, P, Ferla, MP, Samocha, KE, Kaplanis, J, Gardner, EJ, Eberhardt, RY, Chao, KR, Karczewski, KJ, Morales, J, Gallone, G, Balasubramanian, M, Banka, S, Gompertz, L, Kerr, B, Kirby, A, Lynch, SA, Morton, JEV, Pinz, H, Sansbury, FH, Stewart, H, Zuccarelli, BD, Consortium, Genomics England Research, Cook, SA, Taylor, JC, Juusola, J, Retterer, K, Firth, HV, Hurles, ME, Lara-Pezzi, E, Barton, PJR, Whiffin, N, Leducq Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding

Subjects
Untranslated region, medicine.medical_specialty, DNA Copy Number Variations, Developmental Disabilities, Biology, Article, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Loss of Function Mutation, Exome Sequencing, Genetics, medicine, Coding region, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Child, Exome, Gene, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics (clinical), Loss function, Exome sequencing, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics & Heredity, 0303 health sciences, MEF2 Transcription Factors, developmental disorders, clinical genetic testing, non-coding region variants, 5' UTR variants, 06 Biological Sciences, Genomics England Research Consortium, Medical genetics, Haploinsufficiency, 5' Untranslated Regions, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Clinical genetic testing of protein-coding regions identifies a likely causative variant in only around half of developmental disorder (DD) cases. The contribution of regulatory variation in non-coding regions to rare disease, including DD, remains very poorly understood. We screened 9,858 probands from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) study for de novo mutations in the 5' untranslated regions (5' UTRs) of genes within which variants have previously been shown to cause DD through a dominant haploinsufficient mechanism. We identified four single-nucleotide variants and two copy-number variants upstream of MEF2C in a total of ten individual probands. We developed multiple bespoke and orthogonal experimental approaches to demonstrate that these variants cause DD through three distinct loss-of-function mechanisms, disrupting transcription, translation, and/or protein function. These non-coding region variants represent 23% of likely diagnoses identified in MEF2C in the DDD cohort, but these would all be missed in standard clinical genetics approaches. Nonetheless, these variants are readily detectable in exome sequence data, with 30.7% of 5' UTR bases across all genes well covered in the DDD dataset. Our analyses show that non-coding variants upstream of genes within which coding variants are known to cause DD are an important cause of severe disease and demonstrate that analyzing 5' UTRs can increase diagnostic yield. We also show how non-coding variants can help inform both the disease-causing mechanism underlying protein-coding variants and dosage tolerance of the gene.

Published
2021
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16. Pathogenic huntingtin repeat expansions in patients with frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Author

Ramita Dewan, Ruth Chia, Jinhui Ding, Richard A. Hickman, Thor D. Stein, Yevgeniya Abramzon, Sarah Ahmed, Marya S. Sabir, Makayla K. Portley, Arianna Tucci, Kristina Ibáñez, F.N.U. Shankaracharya, Pamela Keagle, Giacomina Rossi, Paola Caroppo, Fabrizio Tagliavini, Maria L. Waldo, Per M. Johansson, Christer F. Nilsson, James B. Rowe, Luisa Benussi, Giuliano Binetti, Roberta Ghidoni, Edwin Jabbari, Coralie Viollet, Jonathan D. Glass, Andrew B. Singleton, Vincenzo Silani, Owen A. Ross, Mina Ryten, Ali Torkamani, Toshiko Tanaka, Luigi Ferrucci, Susan M. Resnick, Stuart Pickering-Brown, Christopher B. Brady, Neil Kowal, John A. Hardy, Vivianna Van Deerlin, Jean Paul Vonsattel, Matthew B. Harms, Huw R. Morris, Raffaele Ferrari, John E. Landers, Adriano Chiò, J. Raphael Gibbs, Clifton L. Dalgard, Sonja W. Scholz, Bryan J. Traynor, Adelani Adeleye, Camille Alba, Dagmar Bacikova, Daniel N. Hupalo, Elisa McGrath Martinez, Harvey B. Pollard, Gauthaman Sukumar, Anthony R. Soltis, Meila Tuck, Xijun Zhang, Matthew D. Wilkerson, Bradley N. Smith, Nicola Ticozzi, Claudia Fallini, Athina Soragia Gkazi, Simon D. Topp, Jason Kost, Emma L. Scotter, Kevin P. Kenna, Jack W. Miller, Cinzia Tiloca, Caroline Vance, Eric W. Danielson, Claire Troakes, Claudia Colombrita, Safa Al-Sarraj, Elizabeth A. Lewis, Andrew King, Daniela Calini, Viviana Pensato, Barbara Castellotti, Jacqueline de Belleroche, Frank Baas, Anneloor L.M.A. ten Asbroek, Peter C. Sapp, Diane McKenna-Yasek, Russell L. McLaughlin, Meraida Polak, Seneshaw Asress, Jesús Esteban-Pérez, José Luis Muñoz-Blanco, Zorica Stevic, Sandra D’Alfonso, Letizia Mazzini, Giacomo P. Comi, Roberto Del Bo, Mauro Ceroni, Stella Gagliardi, Giorgia Querin, Cinzia Bertolin, Wouter van Rheenen, Frank P. Diekstra, Rosa Rademakers, Marka van Blitterswijk, Kevin B. Boylan, Giuseppe Lauria, Stefano Duga, Stefania Corti, Cristina Cereda, Lucia Corrado, Gianni Sorarù, Kelly L. Williams, Garth A. Nicholson, Ian P. Blair, Claire Leblond-Manry, Guy A. Rouleau, Orla Hardiman, Karen E. Morrison, Jan H. Veldink, Leonard H. van den Berg, Ammar Al-Chalabi, Hardev Pall, Pamela J. Shaw, Martin R. Turner, Kevin Talbot, Franco Taroni, Alberto García-Redondo, Zheyang Wu, Cinzia Gellera, Antonia Ratti, Robert H. Brown, Christopher E. Shaw, John C. Ambrose, Prabhu Arumugam, Emma L. Baple, Marta Bleda, Freya Boardman-Pretty, Jeanne M. Boissiere, Christopher R. Boustred, H. Brittain, Mark J. Caulfield, Georgia C. Chan, Clare E.H. Craig, Louise C. Daugherty, Anna de Burca, Andrew Devereau, Greg Elgar, Rebecca E. Foulger, Tom Fowler, Pedro Furió-Tarí, Joanne M. Hackett, Dina Halai, Angela Hamblin, Shirley Henderson, James E. Holman, Tim J.P. Hubbard, Rob Jackson, Louise J. Jones, Dalia Kasperaviciute, Melis Kayikci, Lea Lahnstein, Kay Lawson, Sarah E.A. Leigh, Ivonne U.S. Leong, Javier F. Lopez, Fiona Maleady-Crowe, Joanne Mason, Ellen M. McDonagh, Loukas Moutsianas, Michael Mueller, Nirupa Murugaesu, Anna C. Need, Chris A. Odhams, Christine Patch, Daniel Perez-Gil, Dimitris Polychronopoulos, John Pullinger, Tahrima Rahim, Augusto Rendon, Pablo Riesgo-Ferreiro, Tim Rogers, Kevin Savage, Kushmita Sawant, Richard H. Scott, Afshan Siddiq, Alexander Sieghart, Damian Smedley, Katherine R. Smith, Alona Sosinsky, William Spooner, Helen E. Stevens, Alexander Stuckey, Razvan Sultana, Ellen R.A. Thomas, Simon R. Thompson, Carolyn Tregidgo, Emma Walsh, Sarah A. Watters, Matthew J. Welland, Eleanor Williams, Katarzyna Witkowska, Suzanne M. Wood, Magdalena Zarowiecki, Sampath Arepalli, Pavan Auluck, Robert H. Baloh, Robert Bowser, Alexis Brice, James Broach, William Camu, John Cooper-Knock, Philippe Corcia, Carsten Drepper, Vivian E. Drory, Travis L. Dunckley, Faraz Faghri, Jennifer Farren, Eva Feldman, Mary Kay Floeter, Pietro Fratta, Glenn Gerhard, Summer B. Gibson, Stephen A. Goutman, Terry D. Heiman-Patterson, Dena G. Hernandez, Ben Hoover, Lilja Jansson, Freya Kamel, Janine Kirby, Neil W. Kowall, Hannu Laaksovirta, Francesco Landi, Isabelle Le Ber, Serge Lumbroso, Daniel JL. MacGowan, Nicholas J. Maragakis, Gabriele Mora, Kevin Mouzat, Liisa Myllykangas, Mike A. Nalls, Richard W. Orrell, Lyle W. Ostrow, Roger Pamphlett, Erik Pioro, Stefan M. Pulst, John M. Ravits, Alan E. Renton, Wim Robberecht, Ian Robey, Ekaterina Rogaeva, Jeffrey D. Rothstein, Michael Sendtner, Katie C. Sidle, Zachary Simmons, David J. Stone, Pentti J. Tienari, John Q. Trojanowski, Juan C. Troncoso, Miko Valori, Philip Van Damme, Ludo Van Den Bosch, Lorne Zinman, Diego Albani, Barbara Borroni, Alessandro Padovani, Amalia Bruni, Jordi Clarimon, Oriol Dols-Icardo, Ignacio Illán-Gala, Alberto Lleó, Adrian Danek, Daniela Galimberti, Elio Scarpini, Maria Serpente, Caroline Graff, Huei-Hsin Chiang, Behzad Khoshnood, Linn Öijerstedt, Christopher M. Morris, Benedetta Nacmias, Sandro Sorbi, Jorgen E. Nielsen, Lynne E. Hjermind, Valeria Novelli, Annibale A. Puca, Pau Pastor, Ignacio Alvarez, Monica Diez-Fairen, Miquel Aguilar, Robert Perneczky, Janine Diehl-Schimd, Mina Rossi, Agustin Ruiz, Mercè Boada, Isabel Hernández, Sonia Moreno-Grau, Johannes C. Schlachetzki, Dag Aarsland, Marilyn S. Albert, Johannes Attems, Matthew J. Barrett, Thomas G. Beach, Lynn M. Bekris, David A. Bennett, Lilah M. Besser, Eileen H. Bigio, Sandra E. Black, Bradley F. Boeve, Ryan C. Bohannan, Francesca Brett, Maura Brunetti, Chad A. Caraway, Jose-Alberto Palma, Andrea Calvo, Antonio Canosa, Dennis Dickson, Charles Duyckaerts, Kelley Faber, Tanis Ferman, Margaret E. Flanagan, Gianluca Floris, Tatiana M. Foroud, Juan Fortea, Ziv Gan-Or, Steve Gentleman, Bernardino Ghetti, Jesse Raphael Gibbs, Alison Goate, David Goldstein, Isabel González-Aramburu, Neill R. Graff-Radford, Angela K. Hodges, Heng-Chen Hu, Daniel Hupalo, Jon Infante, Alex Iranzo, Scott M. Kaiser, Horacio Kaufmann, Julia Keith, Ronald C. Kim, Gregory Klein, Rejko Krüger, Walter Kukull, Amanda Kuzma, Carmen Lage, Suzanne Lesage, James B. Leverenz, Giancarlo Logroscino, Grisel Lopez, Seth Love, Qinwen Mao, Maria Jose Marti, Elisa Martinez-McGrath, Mario Masellis, Eliezer Masliah, Patrick May, Ian McKeith, Marek-Marsel Mesulam, Edwin S. Monuki, Kathy L. Newell, Lucy Norcliffe-Kaufmann, Laura Palmer, Matthew Perkins, Olga Pletnikova, Laura Molina-Porcel, Regina H. Reynolds, Eloy Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Jonathan D. Rohrer, Pascual Sanchez-Juan, Clemens R. Scherzer, Geidy E. Serrano, Vikram Shakkottai, Ellen Sidransky, Nahid Tayebi, Alan J. Thomas, Bension S. Tilley, Ronald L. Walton, Randy Woltjer, Zbigniew K. Wszolek, Georgia Xiromerisiou, Chiara Zecca, Hemali Phatnani, Justin Kwan, Dhruv Sareen, James R. Broach, Ximena Arcila-Londono, Edward B. Lee, Neil A. Shneider, Ernest Fraenkel, Noah Zaitlen, James D. Berry, Andrea Malaspina, Gregory A. Cox, Leslie M. Thompson, Steve Finkbeiner, Efthimios Dardiotis, Timothy M. Miller, Siddharthan Chandran, Suvankar Pal, Eran Hornstein, Daniel J. MacGowan, Terry Heiman-Patterson, Molly G. Hammell, Nikolaos.A. Patsopoulos, Oleg Butovsky, Joshua Dubnau, Avindra Nath, Matt Harms, Eleonora Aronica, Mary Poss, Jennifer Phillips-Cremins, John Crary, Nazem Atassi, Dale J. Lange, Darius J. Adams, Leonidas Stefanis, Marc Gotkine, Suma Babu, Towfique Raj, Sabrina Paganoni, Ophir Shalem, Colin Smith, Bin Zhang, Brent Harris, Iris Broce, Vivian Drory, John Ravits, Corey McMillan, Vilas Menon, Lani Wu, Steven Altschuler, Khaled Amar, Neil Archibald, Oliver Bandmann, Erica Capps, Alistair Church, Jan Coebergh, Alyssa Costantini, Peter Critchley, Boyd CP. Ghosh, Michele T.M. Hu, Christopher Kobylecki, P. Nigel Leigh, Carl Mann, Luke A. Massey, Uma Nath, Nicola Pavese, Dominic Paviour, Jagdish Sharma, Jenny Vaughan, HUS Neurocenter, Neurologian yksikkö, Department of Neurosciences, Clinicum, Pentti Tienari / Principal Investigator, Parkinson's UK, Human Genetics, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, ANS - Complex Trait Genetics, Pathology, ANS - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, AII - Inflammatory diseases, Universidad de Cantabria, Rowe, James [0000-0001-7216-8679], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Huntington's Disease, Pathology, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntingtin, Neurology, 1702 Cognitive Sciences, International ALS/FTD Genomics Consortium, Neurodegenerative, frontotemporal dementia, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Psychology, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Aetiology, Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (ADRD), NYGC ALS Consortium, Huntingtin Protein, DNA Repeat Expansion, General Neuroscience, Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), International FTD Genetics Consortium, whole-genome sequencing, Frontotemporal Dementia, Neurological, Cognitive Sciences, Lewy body dementia, huntingtin, repeat expansions, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Humans, Mutation, Whole Genome Sequencing, Frontotemporal dementia, Huntington’s disease, medicine.medical_specialty, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, FALS Sequencing Consortium, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Atrophy, Rare Diseases, American Genome Center, Clinical Research, mental disorders, Genetics, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, PROSPECT Consortium, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Lewy body, business.industry, International LBD Genomics Consortium, Neurosciences, 3112 Neurosciences, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), nutritional and metabolic diseases, medicine.disease, Brain Disorders, nervous system diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Genomics England Research Consortium, 1701 Psychology, ALS, business, 1109 Neurosciences, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Hannu Laaksovirta konsortion jäsenenä. The Genomics England Research Consortium, The International ALS/FTD Genomics Consortium (iAFGC), The International FTD Genetics Consortium (IFGC), The International LBD Genomics Consortium (iLBDGC), The NYGC ALS Consortium, The PROSPECT Consortium,17 James B. Rowe,17 Luisa Benussi,18 Giuliano Binetti,18,19 Roberta Ghidoni,18 Edwin Jabbari,20,21 Coralie Viollet,22 Jonathan D. Glass,23 Andrew B. Singleton,24 Vincenzo Silani,25,26 Owen A. Ross,27 Mina Ryten,8,28,29 Ali Torkamani,30 Toshiko Tanaka,31 Luigi Ferrucci,31 Susan M. Resnick,32 We examined the role of repeat expansions in the pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by analyzing whole-genome sequence data from 2,442 FTD/ALS patients, 2,599 Lewy body dementia (LBD) patients, and 3,158 neurologically healthy subjects. Pathogenic expansions (range, 40?64 CAG repeats) in the huntingtin (HTT) gene were found in three (0.12%) patients diagnosed with pure FTD/ALS syndromes but were not present in the LBD or healthy cohorts. We replicated our findings in an independent collection of 3,674 FTD/ALS patients. Postmortem evaluations of two patients revealed the classical TDP-43 pathology of FTD/ALS, as well as huntingtin-positive, ubiquitin-positive aggregates in the frontal cortex. The neostriatal atrophy that pathologically defines Huntington?s disease was absent in both cases. Our findings reveal an etiological relationship between HTT repeat expansions and FTD/ALS syndromes and indicate that genetic screening of FTD/ALS patients for HTT repeat expansions should be considered. We examined the role of repeat expansions in the pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by analyzing whole-genome sequence data from 2,442 FTD/ALS patients, 2,599 Lewy body dementia (LBD) patients, and 3,158 neurologically healthy subjects. Pathogenic expansions (range, 40?64 CAG repeats) in the huntingtin (HTT) gene were found in three (0.12%) patients diagnosed with pure FTD/ALS syndromes but were not present in the LBD or healthy cohorts. We replicated our findings in an independent collection of 3,674 FTD/ALS patients. Postmortem evaluations of two patients revealed the classical TDP-43 pathology of FTD/ALS, as well as huntingtin-positive, ubiquitin-positive aggregates in the frontal cortex. The neostriatal atrophy that pathologically defines Huntington?s disease was absent in both cases. Our findings reveal an etiological relationship between HTT repeat expansions and FTD/ALS syndromes and indicate that genetic screening of FTD/ALS patients for HTT repeat expansions should be considered.

Published
2020
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17. Harnessing the 100,000 Genomes Project whole genome sequencing data - an unbiased systematic tool to filter by biologically validated regions of functionality

Author

Xiao, S, Kai, Z, Brown, D, Shovlin, C, and Genomics England Research Consortium

Subjects
Genomics England Research Consortium
Abstract

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is championed by the UK National Health Service (NHS) to identify genetic variants that cause particular diseases. The full potential of WGS has yet to be realised as early data analytic steps prioritise protein-coding genes, and effectively ignore the less well annotated non-coding genome which is rich in transcribed and critical regulatory regions. To address, we developed a filter, which we call GROFFFY, and validated in WGS data from hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia patients within the 100,000 Genomes Project. Before filter application, the mean number of DNA variants compared to human reference sequence GRCh38 was 4,867,167 (range 4,786,039-5,070,340), and one-third lay within intergenic areas. GROFFFY removed a mean of 2,812,015 variants per DNA. In combination with allele frequency and other filters, GROFFFY enabled a 99.56% reduction in variant number. The proportion of intergenic variants was maintained, and no pathogenic variants in disease genes were lost. We conclude that the filter applied to NHS diagnostic samples in the 100,000 Genomes pipeline offers an efficient method to prioritise intergenic, intronic and coding gDNA variants. Reducing the overwhelming number of variants while retaining functional genome variation of importance to patients, enhances the near-term value of WGS in clinical diagnostics.

Published
2020

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