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Premise Among the sophisticated trap types in carnivorous plants, the underground eel traps of corkskrew plants (Genlisea spp., Lentibulariaceae) are probably the least understood in terms of their functional principle. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of structural and hydraulic features of G. hispidula traps, contributing to the ongoing debate on whether these traps can actively generate water streams to promote prey capture. Methods Anatomical and hydraulic traits of detached traps, including inner trap diameters, chamber line element, hair length, glandular pattern, and hydraulic conductivity, were investigated quantitatively using light and electron microscopy, x‐ray microtomography, and hydraulic measurements. Results Hydraulic resistivity in the neck of the trap, from the trap mouth toward the vesicle (digestive chamber) was 10 times lower than in the opposite direction. The comparison of measured and theoretical flow rates suggests that the retrorse hairs inside trap necks also provide considerable resistance against movement of matter toward the vesicle. Hairs showed a gradient in length along the neck, with the shortest hairs near the vesicle. Co‐occurrence of quadrifid and bifid glands was limited to a small part of the neck, with quadrifids near the vesicle and bifids toward the trap mouth. Conclusions The combination of structural gradients with hydraulic anisotropy suggests the trap is a highly fine‐tuned system based on likely trade‐offs between efficient prey movement in the trap interior toward the vesicle, prey retention, and spatial digestion capacities and is not counter to the generation of water streams., publishedVersion

1.4. Genlisea guianensis N.E.Br. in Hook., Icones Plantarum 27: t. 2629 (1900). [Figs. 1 and 6D]. Terrestrial or helophyte. Glabrous scape, sparsely eglandular bracts, bracteoles and sepals. Slightly thick and flexible scape. Ascending pedicels in fruits, covered with eglandular, rarely mixed with long-stalked glandular, trichomes. Lilac corolla, lilac or white and gibbous palate, glabrous lips, trilobed lower lip, glabrous or sparsely eglandular and obtuse spur, longer than and parallel to the lower lip. Circumscissile capsule, covered with eglandular trichomes. Selected material: — Barreiras, Sumpf Rio das Femmeas, s.d., P. von Luetzelburg s.n. (M); Formosa do Rio Preto, VIII-1912, fr., P. von Luetzelburg 22 (M), ibid., s.d., fl. and fr., P. von Luetzelburg 65 (M). Comments:— Genlisea guianensis can be readily distinguished from the other lilac/purple flowered congeners in Bahia by its ascending pedicels in fruits, spur parallel to the lower corolla lip and capsule covered exclusively with eglandular trichomes. This is the only lilac flowered member of G. subgen. Genlisea in Brazil. Genlisea guianensis has records only from areas of veredas in the state., Published as part of Guedes, Felipe Martins, Miranda, Vitor Fernandes Oliveira & Alves, Marccus, 2022, Diversity and distribution of Lentibulariaceae in Bahia state, Brazil: implications for phytogeography and conservation, pp. 213-255 in Phytotaxa 556 (3) on page 228, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6972832

1. Genlisea A.St.-Hil., Voyage dans le District des Diamans 2: 429 (1833). Terrestrial, lithophyte or helophyte herbs. Laminar leaves in a basal rosette, linear or obovate to spatulate. Subterraneous tubular rhizophylls (traps), with two helically twisted arms. Basifixed and free scales, bracts and bracteoles. Glabrous scape, scales, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels, sepals and capsule or covered with eglandular and/or long-stalked glandular trichomes. Ascending, recurved, abruptly recurved or strongly circinate pedicels in fruits. Calyx with 5 homomorphic sepals. Corolla with gibbous or non-gibbous palate, spur parallel to the pedicel or to the lower corolla lip. Bivalvate or circumscissile capsule. Comments:— The genus is divided into two clearly distinct subgenera, G. subgen. Genlisea, which is recognized by ascending pedicels in fruits, spur parallel to the lower corolla lip and circumscissile capsule, while G. subgen. Tayloria Fromm-Trinta (1977: 1) has recurved, abruptly recurved or strongly circinate pedicels in fruits, spur parallel to the pedicel and bivalvate capsules. Members of G. subgen. Tayloria are endemic to Brazil, and are purple/lilac flowered with the exception of G. lobata (white). Genlisea subgen. Genlisea is subdivided into three sections, of which two are African (G. sect. Africanae Fleischmann et al. (2010: 781) and G. sect. Recurvatae Fleischmann et al. (2010: 781) and one is Neotropical (G. sect. Genlisea). The Neotropical section is composed mainly by yellow flowered species with the exception of G. guianensis, G. multiflora Fleischmann & Costa (2017: 289) and G. sanariapoana Steyermark (1953: 534)., Published as part of Guedes, Felipe Martins, Miranda, Vitor Fernandes Oliveira & Alves, Marccus, 2022, Diversity and distribution of Lentibulariaceae in Bahia state, Brazil: implications for phytogeography and conservation, pp. 213-255 in Phytotaxa 556 (3) on page 226, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6972832, {"references":["Fromm-Trinta, E. (1977) Tayloria Fromm-Trinta - Nova Secao do genero Genlisea St. - Hil. (Lentibulariaceae). Boletim do Museu Nacional Rio de Janeiro, Botanica 44: 1 - 4.","Fleischmann, A., Schaferhoff, B., Heubl, G., Rivadavia, F., Barthlott, W. & Muller, K. F. (2010) Phylogenetics and character evolution in the carnivorous plant genus Genlisea A. St. - Hil. (Lentibulariaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56: 768 - 783. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.03.009","Fleischmann, A., Costa, S. M., Bittrich, V. & Hopkins, M. (2017) A new species of corkscrew plant (Genlisea, Lentibulariaceae) from the Amazon lowlands of Brazil, including a key to all species occurring north of the Amazon River. Phytotaxa 319: 289 - 297. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 319.3.9","Steyermark, J. A. (1953) Lentibulariaceae. Fieldiana, Botany 28: 534 - 553."]}

1.3. Genlisea filiformis A.St.-Hil., Voyage dans le District des Diamans 2: 430 (1833). [Figs. 2 and 6C]. Terrestrial or helophyte. Scape, bracts, bracteoles and sepals glabrous or with sparse eglandular and long-stalked glandular trichomes. Slender and flexible scape.Ascending pedicels in fruits, covered only with long-stalked glandular trichomes. Yellow corolla and pale-yellow spur, gibbous palate, glabrous lips, trilobed lower lip, glabrous or sparsely glandular and saccate spur, longer than and parallel to the lower lip. Circumscissile capsule, covered with eglandular trichomes. Selected material:— Abaíra, Catolés, Campo do Bicota, 04 May 1999, fl. and fr., G.L. Campos 49 (HRB); Cairu, Garapuá, 12 August 2006, fr., M.L. Guedes 13595b (ALCB); Camaçari, Guarajuba, 06 September 1999, fl. and fr., G.L. Campos 106 (HRB); Canavieiras, km 11 da Rod. BA-270, 12 July 1978, fl., T.S. dos Santos 3272 (CEPEC); Formosa do Rio Preto, Fazenda Jhon Deere, 04 April 2018, fl. and fr., E.O. Moura 1949 (UB); Gentio do Ouro, Serra da Boa Vista, 27 May 2009, fl. and fr., J.A. Siqueira Filho 2092 (HVASF); Ibicoara, trilha para a cachoeira do Buracão, 12 July 2005, fl. and fr., F. Rivadavia 1991 (SPF); Ituberá, à direita do km15 da estrada p/a Praia de Pratigi, 08 October 2005, fl. and fr., F. Rivadavia 2113 (SPF); Jaguaripe, depois da estação da Petrobrás, 27 September 2014, fl. and fr., G. Costa 1031 (HURB); Livramento de Nossa Senhora, lower N.E. slopes of the Pico das Almas, 17 February 1977, fl. and fr., R.M. Harley 19565 (CEPEC, K, RB); Mucugê, PNM de Mucugê, 19 May 2004, fl. and fr., J. Costa 697 (HUEFS); Palmeiras, Serra dos Lençóis, lower slopes of Morro do Pai Inácio, 21 May 1980, fl. and fr., R.M. Harley 22264 (CEPEC, K, RB); Porto Seguro, Trancoso, 20 September 2013, fl. and fr., P.C. Baleeiro 360 (SPF); Rio de Contas, em capôs rupestres beirando a estrada para Caiambola, 18 July 2005, fl. and fr., F. Rivadavia 2060 (SPF); Santa Luzia, Estrada entre Una e Santa Luzia, 02 November 2017, fl. and fr., F.M. Guedes 86 (ALCB, UFP). Comments:— Genlisea filiformis can be readily distinguished from the other yellow flowered congeners in Bahia by its saccate spur and capsule covered exclusively with eglandular trichomes. This species is found in a wide altitudinal range in the state, from campos rupestres to restingas and veredas., Published as part of Guedes, Felipe Martins, Miranda, Vitor Fernandes Oliveira & Alves, Marccus, 2022, Diversity and distribution of Lentibulariaceae in Bahia state, Brazil: implications for phytogeography and conservation, pp. 213-255 in Phytotaxa 556 (3) on page 228, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6972832

1.5. Genlisea lobata Fromm, Bradea 5: 152 (1989). [Figs. 1 and 6E]. Terrestrial or lithophyte. Scape, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels and sepals covered with eglandular and long-stalked glandular trichomes. Slender and flexible scape. Abruptly recurved pedicels in fruits. White corolla with purple streaks on the upper lip, purple spur, yellow and gibbous palate, glabrous lips with divided lobe tips, bilobed upper lip, trilobed lower lip, sparsely eglandular and glandular and obtuse spur, longer than the lower lip and parallel to the pedicel. Bivalvate capsule, covered with eglandular and long-stalked glandular trichomes. Selected material: — Santa Teresinha, Ápice da Serra, mata da antena de televisão, 09 October 2010, fl. and fr., E. Melo 8571 (HUEFS). Comments:— Genlisea lobata can be readily distinguished from the other congeners by its white corolla with purple streaks on the upper lip, lips with divided lobe tips and abruptly recurved pedicels in fruits. This is the northernmost known record of the species, restricted to granite/gnaissic outcrops, and also the northernmost occurrence of any member of G. subgen. Tayloria., Published as part of Guedes, Felipe Martins, Miranda, Vitor Fernandes Oliveira & Alves, Marccus, 2022, Diversity and distribution of Lentibulariaceae in Bahia state, Brazil: implications for phytogeography and conservation, pp. 213-255 in Phytotaxa 556 (3) on page 228, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6972832

1.2. Genlisea exhibitionista Rivadavia & A.Fleischm., Phytotaxa 33: 19–21 (2011). [Figs. 1 and 6B]. Terrestrial or lithophyte. Scape, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels and sepals covered with eglandular and long-stalked glandular trichomes. Slender and flexible scape. Recurved pedicels in fruits. Pale lilac corolla, white and pale greenishyellow, non-gibbous palate, sparsely glandular abaxial surface of the lips, bilobed upper lip, trilobed lower lip, glandular and obtuse spur, shorter than the lower lip and parallel to the pedicel. Bivalvate capsule, covered with eglandular and long-stalked glandular trichomes. Selected material:— Andaraí, 15 km north of Mucugê on road to Andaraí, 18 February 1977, fl., R.M. Harley 18889 (RB); Palmeiras, Cachoeira da Fumaça, 20 June 2005, fl., F. Rivadavia 2086 (SPF); Mucugê, no alto da Serra ao norte da cidade, 24 July 1995, fl. and fr., F. Rivadavia 472 (SPF, holotype). Comments:— Genlisea exhibitionista can be readily distinguished from the other congeners by its corolla with a non-gibbous palate, so that the stamens and pistil are exposed. This endemic species is so far known from only three locations, two in the Serra do Sincorá (municipalities of Andaraí and Mucugê) and one in the Fumaça Waterfall (municipality of Palmeiras)., Published as part of Guedes, Felipe Martins, Miranda, Vitor Fernandes Oliveira & Alves, Marccus, 2022, Diversity and distribution of Lentibulariaceae in Bahia state, Brazil: implications for phytogeography and conservation, pp. 213-255 in Phytotaxa 556 (3) on page 226, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6972832

1.7. Genlisea tuberosa Rivadavia, Gonella & A.Fleischm., Systematic Botany 38: 464 (2013). [Figs. 1 and 6G]. Terrestrial or helophyte. Stolons with tubers. Scape, bracts, bracteoles and sepals covered with eglandular and long-stalked glandular trichomes. Slender and flexible scape. Ascending pedicels in fruits. Yellow corolla, gibbous palate, glabrous lips, shallowly trilobed lower lip, glandular and acute spur, longer than and parallel to the lower lip. Circumscissile capsule, covered with eglandular and glandular trichomes. Selected material:— Rio de Contas, Lower NE slopes of the Pico das Almas, 17 February 1977, fl. and fr., R.M. Harley 19566 (K). Comments:— Genlisea tuberosa can be readily distinguished from the other yellow flowered congeners in Bahia by its stolons with tubers, glandular and acute spur, and capsule covered with both eglandular and glandular trichomes. This species is endemic to Brazilian campos rupestres vegetation, and in Bahia is only found in Pico das Almas, municipality of Rio de Contas., Published as part of Guedes, Felipe Martins, Miranda, Vitor Fernandes Oliveira & Alves, Marccus, 2022, Diversity and distribution of Lentibulariaceae in Bahia state, Brazil: implications for phytogeography and conservation, pp. 213-255 in Phytotaxa 556 (3) on page 229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6972832

1.6. Genlisea repens Benj. in Mart., Flora Brasiliensis 10: 254 (1847). [Figs. 1 and 6F]. Terrestrial or helophyte. Glabrous scape, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels and sepals. Slender and flexible scape. Ascending pedicels in fruits. Yellow corolla, gibbous palate, glabrous lips, trilobed lower lip, glabrous and acute spur, longer than and parallel to the lower lip. Circumscissile and glabrous capsule. Selected material:— Barreiras, Veredas do Rio Branco, 04 September 2005, fl., E. Melo 3994 (HUEFS); Ituberá, Jatimane, estrada para Pratigi, 05 May 2000, fl., R.P. Oliveira 554 (HUEFS); Rio de Contas, 9 km ao norte da cidade para o povoado de Mato Grosso, 26 October 1988, fl. and fr., R.M. Harley 25644 (CEPEC, K, SPF); São Desidério, 16 June 2006, fl., F. Rivadavia 2225 (SPF). Comments:— Genlisea repens can be readily distinguished from the other yellow flowered congeners in Bahia by its glabrous scape, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels, sepals, corolla and capsule. This species was previously known to inhabit high altitude savannas in South America (Fleischmann 2012), and here we report the first record in an area of restinga (municipality of Ituberá). Fleischmann (2012) mentions a record from Paraíba state in a similar area; however, those specimens actually correspond to G. oxycentron Taylor (1954: 288) as reported by Guedes & Alves (2020). In Bahia, G. repens is also found in campos rupestres and veredas., Published as part of Guedes, Felipe Martins, Miranda, Vitor Fernandes Oliveira & Alves, Marccus, 2022, Diversity and distribution of Lentibulariaceae in Bahia state, Brazil: implications for phytogeography and conservation, pp. 213-255 in Phytotaxa 556 (3) on page 229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6972832, {"references":["Fleischmann, A. (2012) Monograph of the genus Genlisea. Redfern Natural History Productions Ltd., Poole, 724 pp.","Taylor, P. (1954) Lentibulariaceae. Flora of Trinidad and Tobago 2: 288 - 300.","Guedes, F. M. & Alves, M. (2020) Lentibulariaceae in the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 470: 31 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 470.1.2"]}

1.8. Genlisea uncinata P.Taylor & Fromm, Bradea 3(41): 365 (1983). [Figs. 2 and 6H]. Terrestrial or helophyte. Scape, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels and sepals densely covered with eglandular and longstalked glandular trichomes. Thick and succulent scape. Strongly circinate pedicels in fruits. Purple corolla, yellow and gibbous palate, glandular lips, trilobed lower lip, glandular and uncinate spur, longer than the lower lip and parallel to the pedicel. Bivalvate capsule, covered with glandular trichomes. Selected material:— Abaíra, Catolés, Serra dos Cristais, 20 May 1999, fl. and fr., V.C. Souza 22881 (ESA); Mucugê, Serra do Sincorá, 19 March 1988, fl. and fr., R.M. Harley 20980 (CEPEC holotype, K, NY, P, R, U isotypes); Piatã, trilha para o Campo da Mutuca, 16 July 2005, fl. and fr., V.F.O. de Miranda 1284 (JABU). Comments:— Genlisea uncinata can be readily distinguished from the other purple/lilac flowered congeners in Bahia by its thick and succulent scape, strongly circinate pedicels in fruits and uncinate spur, parallel to the pedicel. Before the record of G. lobata reported for the state (Guedes et al. 2018), this species together with G. exhibitionista were considered the northernmost occurrence of any member of G. subgen. Tayloria (Fleischmann 2012). Genlisa uncinata is endemic to the highest summits of the Chapada Diamantina highlands., Published as part of Guedes, Felipe Martins, Miranda, Vitor Fernandes Oliveira & Alves, Marccus, 2022, Diversity and distribution of Lentibulariaceae in Bahia state, Brazil: implications for phytogeography and conservation, pp. 213-255 in Phytotaxa 556 (3) on page 229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6972832, {"references":["Guedes, F. M., Garcia, G. S., Versieux, L. M., Matias, L. Q. & Alves, M. (2018) Insights on underestimated Lentibulariaceae diversity in Northeastern Brazil: new records and notes on distribution, diversity and endemism. Brazilian Journal of Botany 41: 867 - 887. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 40415 - 018 - 0497 - 1","Fleischmann, A. (2012) Monograph of the genus Genlisea. Redfern Natural History Productions Ltd., Poole, 724 pp."]}

1.1. Genlisea aurea A.St.-Hil., Voyage dans le District des Diamans 2: 429 (1833). [Figs. 1 and 6A]. Terrestrial or helophyte. Scape, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels and sepals covered with long-stalked glandular trichomes. Thick, succulent and slightly stiff scape. Ascending pedicels in fruits. Yellow corolla, darker yellow and gibbous palate, glabrous lips, trilobed lower lip, glandular and acute spur, as long as or longer than and parallel to the lower lip. Circumscissile capsule, covered with long-stalked glandular trichomes. Selected material:— Abaíra, Campo de Ouro Fino, 23 March 1992, fl. and fr., T. Laessoe & T. Silva H 53311 (CEPEC, HUEFS, K, RB, SPF); Água Quente, Pico das Almas, 16 December 1988, fl., R.M. Harley 27267 (CEPEC, SPF); Mucugê, 20 July 1981, fl. and fr., A.M. Giulietti 1603 (SPF); Palmeiras, trilha p/ a cachoeira da Fumaça, 20 July 2005, fl., F. Rivadavia 2087 (SPF); Piatã, brejos ao redor do cruzeiro subindo a Serra do Santana, 27 July 1995, fl. and fr., F. Rivadavia 484 (SPF); Rio de Contas, Serra da Mesa, 18 July 2005, fl. and fr., F. Rivadavia 2076 (SPF). Comments:— Genlisea aurea can be readily distinguished from the other yellow flowered congeners in Bahia by its thick and succulent scape, and scape, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels and sepals covered exclusively with longstalked glandular trichomes. There are two recognized varieties, G. aurea var. minor Fleischmann (2012: 525) differs from G. aurea var. aurea by its longer pedicels (8–25 mm in anthesis and up to 30 mm in fruits), lax inflorescence and spur longer than the lower corolla lip (vs. shorter pedicels [5-8 mm in antheis and up to 10 mm in fruits], congest inflorescence and spur as long as the lower corolla lip). Apparently, there is no clear boundaries between populations throughout the Chapada Diamantina highlands, G. aurea var. aurea is found in the municipalities of Abaíra, Catolés, Mucugê, Palmeiras (Fumaça Waterfall), Piatã and Rio de Contas, while G. aurea var. minor is found in Abaíra, Catolés, Água Quente (Pico das Almas) and Mucugê., Published as part of Guedes, Felipe Martins, Miranda, Vitor Fernandes Oliveira & Alves, Marccus, 2022, Diversity and distribution of Lentibulariaceae in Bahia state, Brazil: implications for phytogeography and conservation, pp. 213-255 in Phytotaxa 556 (3) on page 226, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6972832, {"references":["Fleischmann, A. (2012) Monograph of the genus Genlisea. Redfern Natural History Productions Ltd., Poole, 724 pp."]}

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T15:02:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-19 Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland as part of the Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow Jagiellonian University European Social Fund in the European Union Aims The carnivorous Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae) has an anatomically simple and seemingly rootless vegetative body. It occupies a variety of wetlands and inland waters and shows a broad range of life forms. Here, we aimed to elucidate structural and functional traits in various hydric conditions. Furthermore, we intended to evaluate morpho-anatomical adaptations in correlation with life forms. Methods Morpho-anatomical characteristics typical for hydrophytes of all life forms were investigated by light microscopy on 13 Utricularia taxa, compared to one Pinguicula and two Genlisea taxa, and assessed by multivariate analyses. Results Vegetative structures of Utricularia and Genlisea showed reduced cortical, supporting, and vascular tissues. With increasing water table, leaves were thinner, and narrower or dissected, and submerged organs tended to contain chloroplasts in parenchymatic and epidermal cells. In some main stolons, an endodermis with Casparian strips was visible. Large gas chambers, including a novel 'crescent' and a special 'hollow' aerenchyma pattern, were found in amphibious to free-floating taxa. Conclusions The evolutionary transfer of carnivory from aerial to subterranean organs in Genlisea, and even more in Utricularia, coincides with a highly simplified anatomy, which is adapted to a broad variety of hydric conditions and compensates for structural innovations in the uptake of nutrients. Jagiellonian Univ Krakow, Fac Biol, Inst Bot, Dept Plant Cytol & Embryol, Gronostajowa 9 St, PL-30387 Krakow, Poland Univ Silesia Katowice, Fac Nat Sci, Inst Biol, 9 Bankowa St ID, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland UNESP Sao Paulo State Univ, Lab Plant Systemat, Dept Appl Biol, Sch Agr & Vet Sci, Campus Jaboticabal, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil UNESP Sao Paulo State Univ, Lab Plant Systemat, Dept Appl Biol, Sch Agr & Vet Sci, Campus Jaboticabal, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland as part of the Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow: N18/DBS/000002 European Social Fund in the European Union: POWR.03.05.00-00Z309/17-00

Las características biogeográficas de Colombia permiten la existencia de una amplia diversidad de plantas. La familia Lentibulariaceae es un grupo de plantas carnívoras conformada por los géneros Pinguicula, Genlisea y Utricularia.. Sin embargo, en el territorio colombiano son muy pocos los estudios relacionados a esta la familia de plantas carnívolas. Además, usualmente se realizan estudios con un enfoque únicamente morfológico para la identificación en esta familia, que puede ocasionar una caracterización errónea, por lo tanto, es necesaria la implementación de métodos moleculares complementarios a los métodos tradicionales. El uso de marcadores moleculares es una alternativa viable para llevar a cabo la identificación y caracterización de especies de los géneros que componen la familia Lentibulariaceae. A través de una búsqueda sistemática de información se realizó una lista de las especies de la familia Lentibulariaceae registradas en Colombia y se construyó un mapa de distribución de las especies. Adicionalmente, haciendo uso de la información encontrada en la base de datos NCBI, se seleccionó el gen rps16 correspondientes a las especies encontradas en la base de datos de la familia Lentibulariaceae. Hasta el momento 36 especies de las 360 especies de la familia Lentibulariaceae, han sido registradas en Colombia. En 28 departamentos del territorio colombiano se han registrado especies de esta familia, con una abundancia significativa en los departamentos de Vichada, Vaupés y Guainía. Finalmente, la información existente en las bases de datos revisadas respecto a la familia Lentibulariaceae es muy escasa, por lo que es necesario realizar más exploración y estudios conocer a profundidad la diversidad y evolución de las especies de la familia en el territorio Colombiano. In Colombia, very few studies related to the Lentibulariaceae family have been carried out, mainly due to the lack of interest and information related to these genera. Since there is robust molecular information on the phylogeny of Lentibulariaceae in the literature, and resorting only to the morphological approach for identification in this family can lead to erroneous characterization, it is necessary to implement alternative and complementary methods to traditional methods. The use of molecular markers is a viable alternative to carry out an identification and characterization of species of the genus Pinguicula, Genlisea and Utricularia, which make up the Lentibulariaceae family. Through this work, the species of the Lentibulariaceae family registered in Colombia will be determined and an analysis of their distribution in the Colombian territory will be made. A species distribution map was made. So far 36 species of the 360 species of the Lentibulariaceae family have been registered in Colombia. In total, in 28 departments of the Colombian territory, species of this family have been registered, with a significant abundance in the departments of Vichada, Vaupés and Guainía. The information in the databases reviewed regarding the Lentibulariaceae family in the country is very scarce, therefore, more studies are necessary for the correct characterization of the species of the family in the Colombian territory.

Resumo Este estudo compreende as espécies da família Lentibulariaceae ocorrentes no estado do Ceará, caracterizadas por apresentarem estruturas vegetativas altamente modificadas para captura de presas como forma de nutrição suplementar. Neste trabalho são apresentadas descrições morfológicas, chave de identificação, comentários taxonômicos, ilustrações, fotografias e dados de distribuição geográfica das espécies. Lentibulariaceae encontra-se representada, na área de estudo, pelos gêneros Genlisea e Utricularia, abrangendo 17 espécies: G. filiformis, U. adpressa, U. cornuta, U. cutleri, U. erectiflora, U. flaccida, U. foliosa, U.gibba, U. hydrocarpa, U. jamesoniana, U. juncea, U. pubescens, U. pusilla, U. resupinata, U. simulans, U. subulata e U. trichophylla. Oito espécies foram registradas em cinco Unidades de Conservação: APA do Lagamar do Cauípe, APA de Jericoacoara, APA do Lagamar do Cauípe, APA da Serra de Ibiapaba, PARNA de Ubajara e TI Jenipapo-Kanindé. Abstract The present study comprises the species of the family Lentibulariaceae occurring in the Ceará state, characterized by highly modified vegetative structures in order to trap prey as a form of supplementary nutrition. This work presents morphological descriptions, identification key, taxonomic comments, illustrations, photographs and geographic distribution data of the species. Lentibulariaceae is represented, in the study area, by the genera Genlisea and Utricularia, comprising 17 species: G. filiformis, U. adpressa, U. cornuta, U. cutleri, U. erectiflora, U. flaccida, U. foliosa, U.gibba, U. hydrocarpa, U. jamesoniana, U. juncea, U. pubescens, U. pusilla, U. resupinata, U. simulans, U. subulata and U. trichophylla. Eight species were recorded in five Conservation Units: APA do Lagamar do Cauípe, APA de Jericoacoara, APA do Lagamar do Cauípe, APA da Serra de Ibiapaba, PARNA de Ubajara and TI Jenipapo-Kanindé.

Submitted by Guilherme Camara Seber (guilherme.seber@unesp.br) on 2020-09-02T00:11:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese.pdf: 2776200 bytes, checksum: 5049a78b96be698231dfd93c6d5d6d1b (MD5) Rejected by Laudicélia Martins Arantes (lm.arantes@unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize correções na submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: 1 - Segundo a CAPES (Portaria nº 206, de 4 de setembro de 2018), o agradecimento deve conter exatamente a seguinte redação: O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001. 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"Se você escolheu a opção Texto parcial, é necessário indicar a Data para a disponibilização do texto completo no Repositório Institucional UNESP." • As opções para a disponibilização do texto completo são:  6 meses após a defesa  12 meses após a defesa  18 meses após a defesa  24 meses após a defesa Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2020-09-11T16:53:08Z (GMT) Submitted by Guilherme Camara Seber (guilherme.seber@unesp.br) on 2020-09-29T03:40:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese.pdf: 2777028 bytes, checksum: c0470d1c2c8d740b7ff8e754df66651f (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Laudicélia Martins Arantes (lm.arantes@unesp.br) on 2020-09-29T19:42:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 seber_gc_dr_jabo_par.pdf: 1112579 bytes, checksum: a92a99b1a533934886285b603d870a56 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-29T19:42:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 seber_gc_dr_jabo_par.pdf: 1112579 bytes, checksum: a92a99b1a533934886285b603d870a56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-06-16 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Lentibulariaceae é uma família de plantas carnívoras composta por três gêneros, Pinguicula, Genlisea e Utricularia. Pinguicula é um grupo irmão do clado composto por Genlisea e Utricularia, possuindo características plesiomórficas como as armadilhas relativamente simples, sendo suas folhas cobertas por uma mucilagem adesiva que captura presas. Genlisea possui armadilhas subterrâneas, em formato de forquilha e helicoidais em suas porções terminais, com fendas por onde pequenos organismos do solo se inserem. Já Utricularia possui armadilhas em formato de vesícula, denominadas utrículos, funcionais em meio aquoso via sucção. Na literatura, é proposta uma possível relação entre a carnivoria e altas taxas de substituição nucleotídica que ocorrem no clado Genlisea-Utricularia, pois o mecanismo ativo de captura de presas encontrado nos utrículos demanda muita energia, fazendo com que esses órgãos tenham altas taxas respiratórias. Um metabolismo respiratório maior pode resultar em uma superprodução de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO), moléculas sabidamente mutagênicas que podem estar relacionadas às altas taxas de mutações encontradas nos genomas do clado Genlisea-Utricularia. Além disso, esse clado possui as espécies com os menores genomas encontrados em angiospermas, fenômeno que está relacionado à ocorrência de uma acelerada evolução molecular. Foi mensurado o conteúdo de H2O2, uma das principais ERO, em vários órgãos de seis espécies de Lentibulariaceae: Pinguicula gigantea, P. agnata, Genlisea violacea, G. repens, Utricularia reniformis e U. foliosa. Foram realizadas análises filogenéticas com oito sequências, oriundas de dois compartimentos genômicos (cloroplasto e núcleo), em 114 espécies de Lentibulariaceae, inclusive as empregadas no estudo em questão. Testou-se a possível correlação entre o conteúdo de H2O2 nas folhas e o comprimento de ramos das espécies analisadas, baseando-se nas análises moleculares. Constatou-se a existência de correlação positiva entre o comprimento de ramos nas filogenias e o conteúdo de H2O2 nas folhas das espécies. Foi discutida também a origem dessa ERO nos órgãos das espécies de Lentibulariaceae, e U. foliosa foi empregada em um ensaio com essa finalidade. A influência do hábito no conteúdo de H2O2 dos órgãos também foi analisada, empregando-se U. graminifolia como modelo. Nesse caso, evidenciou-se que espécies terrestres tendem a acumular mais H2O2 em seus órgãos do que as aquáticas, que podem perder essa substância por difusão no ambiente aquático, havendo possíveis implicações evolutivas nesse fenômeno. Lentibulariaceae is a family of carnivorous plants composed by three genera, Pinguicula, Genlisea and Utricularia. Pinguicula is a sister group of the clade composed by Genlisea and Utricularia, possessing plesiomorphic characteristics such as the relatively simple traps, being its leaves covered by an adhesive mucilage that capture prey. Genlisea has underground, fork-shaped and helical traps, with slits where small soil organisms fit in. Utricularia, on the other hand, has vesicle-shaped traps, the utricles, which are functional in aqueous medium by suction. A possible relationship between carnivory and high rates of nucleotide substitution that occur in the Genlisea-Utricularia clade is discussed, because the active prey capture mechanism found in the utricles requires high energy, causing high respiratory rates in these organs. A higher respiratory metabolism can result in an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), molecules that are known to be mutagenic, and could be related with the high mutation rates found in the genomes of Genlisea-Utricularia clade. In addition, this clade has the species with the smallest genomes found in angiosperms, a phenomenon that is related with high molecular rates. The content of H2O2, one of the main ROS, was measured in several organs of six species of Lentibulariaceae: Pinguicula gigantea, P. agnata, Genlisea violacea, G. repens, Utricularia reniformis and U. foliosa. Phylogenetic analyzes were carried out with eight sequences, from two genomic compartments (chloroplast and nucleus), in 114 species of Lentibulariaceae, including those used in this study. The possible relationship between the content of H2O2 in leaves and the branch length of the analyzed species was tested, based on molecular estimates. It was found positive correlation between the trees branch lengths in phylogenies and the content of H2O2 in leaves. The origin of this ROS in the organs of Lentibulariaceae species was also discussed, and U. foliosa was used in an assay for this purpose. The influence of the habit in the accumulation of H2O2 in the organs was also analyzed, using U. graminifolia as a model. In this case, we demonstrate that terrestrial species accumulate more H2O2 in their organs than the aquatic ones, because they can lose this substance by diffusion in the aquatic environment, with possible evolutionary implications. FAPESP: 2013/05144-0

Telomeres are basic structures of eukaryote genomes. They distinguish natural chromosome ends from double-stranded breaks in DNA and protect chromosome ends from degradation or end-to-end fusion with other chromosomes. Telomere sequences are usually tandemly arranged minisatellites, typically following the formula (TAG). Although they are well conserved across large groups of organisms, recent findings in plants imply that their diversity has been underestimated. Changes in telomeres are of enormous evolutionary importance as they can affect whole-genome stability. Even a small change in the telomere motif of each repeat unit represents an important interference in the system of sequence-specific telomere binding proteins. Here, we provide an overview of telomere sequences, considering the latest phylogenomic evolutionary framework of plants in the broad sense (Archaeplastida), in which new telomeric sequences have recently been found in diverse and economically important families such as Solanaceae and Amaryllidaceae. In the family Lentibulariaceae and in many groups of green algae, deviations from the typical plant telomeric sequence have also been detected recently. Ancestry and possible homoplasy in telomeric motifs, as well as extant gaps in knowledge are discussed. With the increasing availability of genomic approaches, it is likely that more telomeric diversity will be uncovered in the future. We also discuss basic methods used for telomere identification and we explain the implications of the recent discovery of plant telomerase RNA on further research about the role of telomerase in eukaryogenesis or on the molecular causes and consequences of telomere variability., This work was supported by ERDF [project SYMBIT, reg. no. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000477], EMBO Short-Term Fellowship 7368 to V.P., Spanish [CGL2016-75694-P (AEI/FEDER, UE)] and Catalan [grant number 2017SGR1116] governments. S.G. is the holder of a Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC-2014-16608)., TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract Introduction How Variable Are Telomere Sequences? From Screenings to Discovery: How Telomeric Motifs Can Be Identified? Is There Homoplasy in Telomere Sequences? What Are the Molecular Reasons for Changes in the Telomere Motifs? How Did Chromosomes Become Linear? Conclusion Author Contributions Funding Conflict of Interest Acknowledgments References

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:31:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-07-02 Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences European Social Fund European Commission Carnivorous plants from the Lentibulariaceae form a variety of standard and novel vegetative organs and survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Within Genlisea, only G. tuberosa, from the Brazilian Cerrado, formed tubers, while Utricularia menziesii is the only member of the genus to form seasonally dormant tubers. We aimed to examine and compare the tuber structure of two taxonomically and phylogenetically divergent terrestrial carnivorous plants: Genlisea tuberosa and Utricularia menziesii. Additionally, we analyzed tubers of U. mannii. We constructed phylogenetic trees using chloroplast genes matK/trnK and rbcL and used studied characters for ancestral state reconstruction. All examined species contained mainly starch as histologically observable reserves. The ancestral state reconstruction showed that specialized organs such as turions evolved once and tubers at least 12 times from stolons in Lentibulariaceae. Different from other clades, tubers probably evolved from thick stolons for sect. Orchidioides and both structures are primarily water storage structures. In contrast to species from section Orchidioides, G. tuberosa, U. menziesii and U. mannii form starchy tubers. In G. tuberosa and U. menziesii, underground tubers provide a perennating bud bank that protects the species in their fire-prone and seasonally desiccating environments. Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology Institute of Botany Faculty of Biology Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9 St. Laboratory of Plant Systematics School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Biology Biotechnology and Environmental Protection University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28 School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley Laboratory of Plant Systematics School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp CNPq: # 312908/2018-0 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences: N18/DBS/000002 European Social Fund: POWR.03.05.00-00Z309/17-00 European Commission: POWR.03.05.00-00Z309/17-00

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:17:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-02-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Genlisea aurea A.St.-Hil. is a carnivorous plant endemic species to Brazil in the Lentibulariaceae family. Very few studies have addressed the genetic structure and conservation status of G. aurea and the Lentibulariaceae. Microsatellites markers are advantageous tools that can be employed to predict the vulnerability of Lentibulariaceae species. Therefore, the development of molecular markers focusing the population analyses of Genlisea for future genetic studies and conservation actions are essential. Thus, we developed simple sequence repeats (SSRs) based on in silico analyses of G. aurea draft genome assembly. We characterized 40 individuals from several populations and identified 12 loci that were polymorphic, with heterozygosity between 0.123 and 0.650. We demonstrated that the G. aurea SSR markers work cross-species in Genlisea filiformis, G. repens, G. tuberosa and G. violacea. These markers will be important for future population, phylogeographic and conservation studies in G. aurea and other Genlisea species. Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Jaboticabal Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal Universidad Simón Bolívar Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Jaboticabal Departamento de Tecnologia J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Ln. Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Jaboticabal Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Jaboticabal Departamento de Tecnologia CNPq: #309040/2014-0

Resumo Lentibulariaceae é cosmopolita e possui três gêneros, Genlisea, Pinguicula e Utricularia, com cerca de 29, 100 e 220 espécies, respectivamente. O Parque Nacional do Itatiaia possui relevo bastante acidentado, onde encontram-se muitas nascentes de rios, lagos e uma grande diversidade de bromélias. Assim, sua vegetação e seus ambientes são habitats propícios para a ocorrência de espécies de Lentibulariaceae. Os estudos sobre estas espécies no local são, todavia, escassos e restritos a antigas listagens de espécies. Apresentamos aqui o tratamento florístico completo para as Lentibulariaceae do Parque Nacional do Itatiaia. Foram registradas oito espécies, todas pertencentes ao gênero Utricularia. As espécies foram encontradas ocorrendo em corpos d'água da parte alta do parque, sendo que somente U. reniformis ocorre também nos riachos da parte baixa do parque. É apresentada uma chave de identificação para as espécies ocorrentes, além de descrições detalhadas de cada espécie, comentários e fotografias.

Resumo O presente estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento das espécies de Lentibulariaceae ocorrentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho tem por base a análise morfológica de materiais depositados em herbários e coletas de campo, além da compilação de dados de literatura. Foram registrados dois gêneros e 20 espécies. Chave para identificação, descrições, ilustrações, dados sobre floração e frutificação, hábitat, fenologia e distribuição geográfica das espécies são apresentados. Abstract This study focuses on the Lentibulariaceae found in the state of Rio de Janeiro. It is based on a morphological analysis of herbaria collections, as well as on a review of the relevant literature and on collections in the field. A total of two genera and 20 species were recorded for the state. An identification key, descriptions, illustrations, flowering and fruiting data, habitat and species distribution are also provided.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:11:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-06-01 Utricularia foliosa L., commonly known as leafy bladderwort, is a widespread aquatic carnivorous plant from the Lentibulariaceae family. The species of the Utricularia and Genlisea genera are known to possess the smallest nuclear genomes across angiosperms. This study reveals that U. foliosa have a typical chloroplast genome of 150,851 bp in length, comprised of a large single-copy region (LSC) of 82,720 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 17,481 bp, and inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 25,325 bp. A total of 139 genes, 88 of which are protein coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes and six pseudogenes were identified. All plastid NAD(P)H-dehydrogenase genes are present as intact copies. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that U. foliosa is closely related to other suspended or affixed aquatic species belonging to the Utricularia sect. Utricularia. Instituto de Biociências UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Câmpus Botucatu Departamento de Tecnologia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Câmpus Jaboticabal Ibis Bioscience Computational Genomics Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Câmpus Jaboticabal Instituto de Biociências UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Câmpus Botucatu Departamento de Tecnologia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Câmpus Jaboticabal Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Câmpus Jaboticabal

Linear chromosomes of eukaryotic organisms invariably possess centromeres and telomeres to ensure proper chromosome segregation during nuclear divisions and to protect the chromosome ends from deterioration and fusion, respectively. While centromeric sequences may differ between species, with arrays of tandemly repeated sequences and retrotransposons being the most abundant sequence types in plant centromeres, telomeric sequences are usually highly conserved among plants and other organisms. The genome size of the carnivorous genus Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) is highly variable. Here we study evolutionary sequence plasticity of these chromosomal domains at an intrageneric level. We show that Genlisea nigrocaulis (1C = 86 Mbp; 2n = 40) and G. hispidula (1C = 1550 Mbp; 2n = 40) differ as to their DNA composition at centromeres and telomeres. G. nigrocaulis and its close relative G. pygmaea revealed mainly 161 bp tandem repeats, while G. hispidula and its close relative G. subglabra displayed a combination of four retroelements at centromeric positions. G. nigrocaulis and G. pygmaea chromosome ends are characterized by the Arabidopsis-type telomeric repeats (TTTAGGG); G. hispidula and G. subglabra instead revealed two intermingled sequence variants (TTCAGG and TTTCAGG). These differences in centromeric and, surprisingly, also in telomeric DNA sequences, uncovered between groups with on average a > 9-fold genome size difference, emphasize the fast genome evolution within this genus. Such intrageneric evolutionary alteration of telomeric repeats with cytosine in the guanine-rich strand, not yet known for plants, might impact the epigenetic telomere chromatin modification.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:12:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Universidade Estadual Paulista Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Genlisea hawkingii, which is a new species of Genlisea subgen. Tayloria (Lentibulariaceae) from cerrado in southwest Brazil, is described and illustrated. This species has been found in only one locality thus far, in the Serra da Canastra, which is located in the Delfinópolis municipality in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The new species is morphologically similar to Genlisea violacea and G. flexuosa, but differs from them in having a corolla with a conical and curved spur along with sepals with an acute apex and reproductive organs that only have glandular hairs. Moreover, it is similar to G. uncinata’s curved spur. G. hawkingii is nested within the subgen. Tayloria clade as a sister group to all the other species of this subgenus. Therefore, both morphological and phylogenetic results strongly support G. hawkingii as a new species in the subgen. Tayloria. São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Laboratory of Plant Systematics Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology Institute of Botany Faculty of Biology Jagiellonian University in Kraków São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Laboratory of Plant Systematics CAPES: 001 FAPESP: 2018/ 02285-6 CNPq: 312908/2018-0

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:18:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-07-01 In the genus Genlisea as well as in its sister genus Utricularia, the palate probably plays a key role in providing the colour, mechanical and olfactory stimuli to attract insect pollinators and to guide them to the generative structures and the nectary spur. However, information about the micro-morphology of the palate of Genlisea is scarce. This study aims to examine the structure of the palate in Genlisea hispidula in detail as well as the palate from other five species from the subgenus Genlisea. In particular, its aim is to ascertain whether these palates function as an area for the osmophores in the flower or whether they produce nectar. We showed that the palate in all of the species that were examined was the glandular type and that it had capitate, glandular trichomes, which had a similar general architecture across the species that were examined. No nectar secretion was observed on the palates. The ultrastructure of the palate trichomes showed that the palate glandular trichomes most probably function as scent glands that produce an olfactory stimulus for flower pollinators. Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa Str Department of Animal Histology and Embryology University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Bankowa Str Botanic Garden Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4 Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Jaboticabal Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Jaboticabal Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

BackgroundCarnivorous plants have been fascinating researchers with their unique characters and bioinspired applications. These include medicinal trait of some carnivorous plants with potentials for pharmaceutical industry.MethodsThis review will cover recent progress based on current studies on digestive enzymes secreted by different genera of carnivorous plants:Drosera(sundews),Dionaea(Venus flytrap), Nepenthes(tropical pitcher plants),Sarracenia(North American pitcher plants), Cephalotus(Australian pitcher plants), Genlisea(corkscrew plants),andUtricularia(bladderworts).ResultsSince the discovery of secreted protease nepenthesin inNepenthespitcher, digestive enzymes from carnivorous plants have been the focus of many studies. Recent genomics approaches have accelerated digestive enzyme discovery. Furthermore, the advancement in recombinant technology and protein purification helped in the identification and characterisation of enzymes in carnivorous plants.DiscussionThese different aspects will be described and discussed in this review with focus on the role of secreted plant proteases and their potential industrial applications.

Submitted by Saura Rodrigues da Silva (saura.silva@gmail.com) on 2018-05-06T08:21:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Saura_tese_corrigida_integral.pdf: 11460850 bytes, checksum: 07a1d09d73cffeaed31f9357ada1b164 (MD5) Saura_tese_corrigida_parcial.pdf: 1321222 bytes, checksum: 320d0ebf0be433dbfdc2f0757aa7ed62 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Sulamita Selma C Colnago null (sulamita@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-05-07T18:09:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_sr_dr_bot_par.pdf: 1321222 bytes, checksum: 320d0ebf0be433dbfdc2f0757aa7ed62 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-07T18:09:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_sr_dr_bot_par.pdf: 1321222 bytes, checksum: 320d0ebf0be433dbfdc2f0757aa7ed62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-05 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Utricularia e Genlisea são gêneros irmãos de plantas carnívoras da família Lentibulariaceae. Possuem aproximadamente 260 espécies representadas em diversas formas de vida. Para o Brasil foram catalogadas 82 espécies, das quais 27 são consideradas endêmicas. Além de dispor das armadilhas carnívoras mais complexas entre plantas, algumas de suas espécies apresentam os menores genomas e as maiores taxas de mutações entre as angiospermas relatadas até o momento. A respeito de seus genomas organelares, os estudos são pífios. Neste contexto, há a necessidade de se investigar como são os genomas organelares, suas estruturas, seus genes e como se deu a evolução das organelas nos gêneros. Portanto este estudo teve como objetivo, a partir de sequenciamento de nova geração e montagem de genomas, estudar e comparar os genomas organelares de Utricularia e Genlisea. Neste âmbito, foram montados e sequenciados os cloroplastos das espécies Utricularia foliosa, U. reniformis, G. aurea, G. filiformis, G. pygmaea, G. repens e G. tuberosa, e o genoma mitocondrial de U. reniformis. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que possivelmente há relação entre forma de vida e presença de genes ndhs nos gêneros, em razão de que para as espécies terrestres há deleção e “pseudogenização” de genes ndhs, já as espécies aquáticas detêm todo repertório de ndhs intacto. A partir das evidências encontradas, foi possível constatar transferência horizontal de genes, inclusive de genes ndhs, em mitocôndrias. Utricularia and Genlisea are sister genera in the carnivorous family Lentibulariaceae. There are aprproximately 260 species representing diverse life forms. For Brasil there are 82 species, 27 considered endemic. At the moment, besides having the most complex carnivorous traps between all plants, some of its species have miniature genomes and the highest mutational rates among angiosperms. There are few studies regarding its organellar genome. In this context, it is necessary to investigate how are these organellar genomes, its structure, genes, and how evolutionary forces govern these organelles in the different genera. Therefore, the aim of this study is to study and compare the organellar genomes of Utricularia and Genlisea, using next generation sequencing and genome assembly. In this context, chloroplasts of the species Utricularia foliosa, U. reniformis, Genlisea aurea, G. filiformis, G. pygmaea, G. repens and G. tuberosa, and the mitochondrial genome of U. reniformis were assembled and sequenced. The results show that possibly there is a connection between life form and the presence of ndhs genes in the genera, since for the terrestrial species there are ndhs genes that are deleted and pseudogenization, in contrary to the aquatic species which have all intact ndhs repertoir. Concerning the evidences, it was possible to verify horizontal transfer of ndhs and other genes as there are chloroplasts genes in the mitochondria.

Resumo Este estudo compreende as espécies de Lentibulariaceae que ocorrem sobre canga na Serra dos Carajás, estado do Pará, Brasil, incluindo chaves de identificação, descrições detalhadas, ilustrações e comentários morfológicos das espécies. Foram registradas 12 espécies distribuídas em dois gêneros, Genlisea (uma espécie) e Utricularia (11 spp.). Abstract The present study comprises the specis of Lentibulariaceae that occur on iron-stone outcrops (canga) at the Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil, including identification keys, detailed descriptions, illustrations and comments regarding these species. There were 12 species recorded, distributed in two genera: Genlisea (one species) and Utricularia (11 spp.).

We review the current knowledge of trap anatomy of carnivorous plants, with a focus on the diversity and structure of the glands that are used to attract, capture, kill and digest their prey and finally to absorb nutrients from carcasses of prey. These glands have diverse forms. Regardless of their structure and origin, they have the same functional units, but there are differences in subcellular mechanisms and adaptations for carnivory. We propose a new type of carnivorous plant trap—a ‘fecal traps—which has unique physiology, morphology, and anatomy for attracting the animals that are the source of excrement and also to retain and use it.