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19. Selenium-rich Lactobacillus plantarumalleviates salinity stress in Cyprinus carpio: Growth performance, oxidative stress, and immune and inflammatory responses

Author

Che, Xinghua, Geng, Longwu, Zhang, Qing, Wei, Haijun, He, Hailong, Xu, Wei, and Shang, Xinchi

Abstract

Salinity is an important environmental factor that affects the health of aquatic animals, when salinity level above the tolerance threshold can pose a significant threat to the survival of aquatic animals. As a trace element necessary for animal growth, selenium participates in the body’s antioxidant reaction, and protect aquatic animals from oxidative stress damage. Biological methods for synthesizing selenium nanoparticles (bio-Se-NPs) from bacteria are safe, inexpensive, and accessible. Therefore, we synthesized selenium nanoparticles using Lactobacillus plantarum(probiotic) to study the growth, immune, antioxidant, and inflammatory responses of selenium-rich Lactobacillus plantarum(SL, a type of bio-Se-NPs) fed Cyprinus carpiounder low-salinity (5 g/L salinity) and high-salinity (10 g/L salinity) stresses. Analyses revealed that the addition of SL at a concentration of 1 mg/kg significantly alleviated the growth inhibition caused by high-salinity stress. SL significantly alleviated salinity-induced liver tissue injury (numerous cytoplasmic vacuolations the accumulation, inflammatory cell infiltration, nuclear lysis, and some blood congestion). SL significantly alleviated the abnormal levels of serum ALT, AST, GGT and LDH caused by salinity stress, and improved lipid metabolism (TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C). SL can also regulates cytokines and antioxidant genes (TNF-α, iL-1β, iL-10, TGFβ-1, SOD, CAT, GPx1, and HO-1) through the NF-κB and Nrf-2 signaling pathways and thereby reduce the inflammatory response and increase the antioxidant level, and these effects attenuate salinity-mediated oxidative damage. In conclusion, our findings indicate that SL can significantly promote the growth and development of fish and alleviate the adverse effects of high-salinity stress and thus, SL can be a potential feed additive for alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.

Published
2024
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21. Effects of NaCl and NaHCO3 on growth and gill microstructure in ju-venile Barbus capito

Author

Xu Wei, Bai Ying-ying, Geng Longwu, and Dang Yunfei

Subjects
Specific growth, Larva, Ecology, Alkalinity, Barbus, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Biology, Body weight, biology.organism_classification, Feed conversion ratio, Salinity, Animal science, Juvenile, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

We evaluated the effects of salinity and alkalinity on growth,feeding,and gill microstructure in juvenile Barbus capito.The fish were reared at salinity of 0(control group),2.0,4.0,6.1,7.8,10.0,or 11.9 for 60 d with temperature of 22-25℃.The body length,body weight,and specific growth rate(SGR) of juveniles were signifi-cantly lower in fish held at salinities 6.1 than in those held in salinity 6.1(P0.05).The maximum final body weight was highest in the fish reared at 2.0.The specific growth rate of weight(SGRW) and feed conversion effi-ciency(FCE) were highest in fish held at 4.0 and lowest in fish held at 11.9.Our results suggest the optimal salin-ity for growth is 1.88,whereas exposure to levels ≥7.8 results in negative effects.Fish were also reared at 10.00,15.83,25.10,39.80,and 63.12 mmol/L NaHCO3.The body weight,length,and the SGR of juveniles reared in water with 25.10 mmol/L NaHCO3were significantly lower than in the remaining groups(P0.05).The largest final body weight,body length,SGR,SGRW,and FCE were in fish reared at 15.83 mmol/L NaHCO3.The fish reared at 63.12 mmol/L NaHCO3 had the lowest values for all indices.Rearing in water with NaHCO3 levels 39.80 mmol/L had negative effects and the optimal alkalinity for growth was 20.57 mmol/L.Observation of gill microstructure revealed hypertrophy in the chloride cells,and both hypertrophy and edema in the epithelial cells as salinity and alkalinity levels increased,thereby affecting the growth of the fish.In conclusion,the salinity should bebelow 6.1 or the alkalinity should be below 25.10 mmol/L in the Barbus capito larvae culture.

Published
2013

23. Effect of Salinity and Alkalinity on Luciobarbus capito Gill Na+/K+-ATPase Enzyme Activity, Plasma Ion Concentration, and Osmotic Pressure

Author

Geng, Longwu, Tong, Guangxiang, Jiang, Haifeng, and Xu, Wei

Subjects
Gills, 0301 basic medicine, Salinity, Article Subject, Cyprinidae, Alkalinity, lcsh:Medicine, Alkalies, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ion, 03 medical and health sciences, Osmotic Pressure, Animals, Luciobarbus, Osmotic pressure, Na+/K+-ATPase, Ions, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Chemistry, Sodium, lcsh:R, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Plasma, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, biology.organism_classification, Enzyme assay, 030104 developmental biology, 040102 fisheries, biology.protein, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase, Research Article, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

We evaluated the individual and combined effects of salinity and alkalinity on gill Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme activity, plasma ion concentration, and osmotic pressure in Luciobarbus capito. Increasing salinity concentrations (5, 8, 11, and 14 g/L) were associated with an initial increase and then decrease in L. capito gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Activity was affected by the difference between internal and external Na+ ion concentrations and osmotic pressure (P<0.05). Both plasma ion (Na+, K+, and Cl−) concentration and osmotic pressure increased significantly (P<0.05). An increase in alkalinity (15, 30, 45, and 60 mM) caused a significant increase in plasma K+ and urea nitrogen concentrations (P<0.05) but had no effect on either plasma osmotic pressure or gill filament ATPase activity. In the two-factor experiment, the saline-alkaline interaction caused a significant increase in plasma ion (Na+, Cl−, and urea nitrogen) and osmotic pressure (P<0.05). Variance analysis revealed that salinity, alkalinity, and their interaction significantly affected osmotic pressure, with salinity being most affected, followed by alkalinity, and their interaction. Gill filament ATPase activity increased at first and then decreased; peak values were observed in the orthogonal experiment group at a salinity of 8 g/L and alkalinity of 30 mM.

Published
2016
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25. Isolation and characterization of twenty microsatellite markers for the endangered fish Alburnus chalcoides

Author

Jiang Haifeng, Geng Longwu, Tong Guangxiang, Xu Wei, Li Chao, and LU Cui-yun

Subjects
Genetics, education.field_of_study, Genetic diversity, Population, Biodiversity, Zoology, Locus (genetics), Biology, biology.organism_classification, Loss of heterozygosity, Alburnus, Microsatellite, Allele, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Twenty polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from an enriched genomic library of Alburnus chalcoides. The polymorphism of these loci was tested on a population of 15 individuals from the Aral Sea, Uzbekistan. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 3. The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.2077–0.6720 to 0.1662–0.6837, respectively. One locus (CCA147) deviated from the Hardy–Weinberg expectations (P 0.50). These loci will provide insights into species genetic diversity, population structure, and conservation strategy design.

Published
2013

26. Development and characterization of twenty microsatellite markers for the endangered fish Luciobarbus capito

Author

Geng Longwu, Tong Guangxiang, Xu Wei, Li Chao, and LU Cui-yun

Subjects
Genetics, Linkage disequilibrium, Biodiversity, Zoology, Population genetics, Locus (genetics), Biology, biology.organism_classification, Loss of heterozygosity, Microsatellite, Luciobarbus, Allele, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Luciobarbus capito is an endangered fish species found in the Aral Sea of Uzbekistan. Here, we report the characterization of 20 polymorphic microsatellite loci from a (CA)16-enriched genomic library. Among 15 individuals, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 6, and the observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.143 to 1.00 and from 0.138 to 0.600, respectively. Four loci significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium. Polymorphism information content ranged from 0.175 to 0.680. These polymorphic microsatellite loci will be useful for population genetics, conservation and other relevant studies of this species.

Published
2012

29. Effect of Salinity and Alkalinity on Luciobarbus capito Gill Na+/K+-ATPase Enzyme Activity, Plasma Ion Concentration, and Osmotic Pressure.

Author

Geng, Longwu, Tong, Guangxiang, Jiang, Haifeng, and Xu, Wei

Subjects
*ADENOSINE triphosphatase, *AMMONIA, *ANIMAL experimentation, *CHLORIDES, *EXPERIMENTAL design, *FISHES, *HYDROGEN-ion concentration, *POTASSIUM, *PROBABILITY theory, *RESEARCH funding, *SALT, *SODIUM, *SODIUM bicarbonate, *STATISTICS, *DATA analysis, *OSMOLAR concentration, *DATA analysis software, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *BLOOD urea nitrogen, *IN vitro studies, *OSMOTIC pressure, *ONE-way analysis of variance
Abstract

We evaluated the individual and combined effects of salinity and alkalinity on gill Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme activity, plasma ion concentration, and osmotic pressure in Luciobarbus capito. Increasing salinity concentrations (5, 8, 11, and 14 g/L) were associated with an initial increase and then decrease in L. capito gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Activity was affected by the difference between internal and external Na+ ion concentrations and osmotic pressure (P<0.05). Both plasma ion (Na+, K+, and Cl−) concentration and osmotic pressure increased significantly (P<0.05). An increase in alkalinity (15, 30, 45, and 60 mM) caused a significant increase in plasma K+ and urea nitrogen concentrations (P<0.05) but had no effect on either plasma osmotic pressure or gill filament ATPase activity. In the two-factor experiment, the saline-alkaline interaction caused a significant increase in plasma ion (Na+, Cl−, and urea nitrogen) and osmotic pressure (P<0.05). Variance analysis revealed that salinity, alkalinity, and their interaction significantly affected osmotic pressure, with salinity being most affected, followed by alkalinity, and their interaction. Gill filament ATPase activity increased at first and then decreased; peak values were observed in the orthogonal experiment group at a salinity of 8 g/L and alkalinity of 30 mM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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36. Construction of a high density genetic map and QTL analysis of morphological traits in Aral barbel LucioBarbus brachycephalus(Teleost: Cyprinidae)

Author

Geng, Longwu, Meng, Minghui, Xue, Shuqun, Lv, Xiaonan, Zou, Ming, Jiang, Haifeng, Tong, Guangxiang, Yang, Yu, and Han, Ying

Abstract

The cyprinid Aral barbel L. brachycephalusis endemic to the Aral Sea of Uzbekistan and was introduced in China in 2003. With increased cultivation, there is a need for more effective breeding strategies. We sequenced 146 individuals from a full-sib family and obtained 66,771 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using specific locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). Among these, 31,019 SNPs were assigned to 50 linkage groups. The linkage map contained 4304 unique loci and spanned 2419.2 cM in total, with an average length of 48.4 cM. The length for each linkage group ranged from 5.2 cM to 76.2 cM, with an average distance of 0.4 cM to 0.8 cM. Using the linkage map, 72 QTL regions were predicted to be significantly associated with three breeding-related traits: body height (BH), total length (TL), and head breadth (HB). This study provides useful tools for the molecular mark-assisted breeding of L. brachycephalus.

Published
2022
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37. The complete mitochondrial genome of Alburnus chalcoides aralensis.

Author

Geng, Longwu, Jiang, Haifeng, Yang, Jian, Xu, Min, and Xu, Wei

Subjects
*ALBURNUS, *PHYLOGENY, *FISHES, *MITOCHONDRIAL DNA, *GENE expression in fishes, *GENETICS
Abstract

The complete mitochondrial genome ofAlburnus chalcoides aralensisis 16,604 bp in length and includes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and 2 non-coding sequences. The major non-coding sequence (D-loop control region) contains five conserved sequence blocks (CSB-1, CSB-2, CSB-3, CSB-D and CSB-F) and one termination associated sequence. The other non-coding sequence is the origin of light-strand replication, which has the potential to fold into a stable stem-loop secondary structure. The mitochondrial genomic sequence will help us study the conservation genetics and evolution of Cyprinidae. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2015
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38. Analysis revealed the molecular mechanism of oxidative stress-autophagy-induced liver injury caused by high alkalinity: integrated whole hepatic transcriptome and metabolome.

Author

Shang X, Geng L, Wei HJ, Liu T, Che X, Li W, Liu Y, Shi XD, Li J, Teng X, and Xu W

Subjects
Animals, Gene Expression Profiling, Alkalies toxicity, Alkalies adverse effects, MicroRNAs genetics, Metabolomics, Fish Diseases metabolism, Oxidative Stress, Autophagy, Liver metabolism, Liver pathology, Metabolome, Transcriptome
Abstract

Introduction: High-alkalinity water is a serious health hazard for fish and can cause oxidative stress and metabolic dysregulation in fish livers. However, the molecular mechanism of liver damage caused by high alkalinity in fish is unclear., Methods: In this study, 180 carp were randomly divided into a control (C) group and a high-alkalinity (A25) group and were cultured for 56 days. High-alkalinity-induced liver injury was analysed using histopathological, whole-transcriptome, and metabolomic analyses., Results: Many autophagic bodies and abundant mitochondrial membrane damage were observed in the A25 group. High alkalinity decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in liver tissues, causing oxidative stress in the liver. Transcriptome analysis revealed 61 differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) and 4008 differentially expressed mRNAs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), forkhead box O (FoxO), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the autophagy signalling pathway were the molecular mechanisms involved. High alkalinity causes oxidative stress and autophagy and results in autophagic damage in the liver. Bioinformatic predictions indicated that Unc-51 Like Kinase 2 (ULK2) was a potential target gene for miR-140-5p, demonstrating that high alkalinity triggered autophagy through the miR-140-5p-ULK2 axis. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the concentrations of cortisol 21-sulfate and beta-aminopropionitrile were significantly increased, while those of creatine and uracil were significantly decreased., Discussion: The effects of high alkalinity on oxidative stress and autophagy injury in the liver were analysed using whole-transcriptome miRNA-mRNA networks and metabolomics approaches. Our study provides new insights into liver injury caused by highly alkaline water., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Shang, Geng, Wei, Liu, Che, Li, Liu, Shi, Li, Teng and Xu.)

Published
2024
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