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The appearance of COVID-19 and consequent containment measures, including the closure of schools and daycare services (decreed on March 13, 2020, in Quebec, Canada), has hit families hard. Overnight, parents had to reconcile their professional activities, including teleworking, with the need to keep or even educate their children at home. Others found themselves unemployed, leading to increased financial stress. Children and adolescents were suddenly deprived of their usual activities and social contacts. All of this experienced in a potentially stressful atmosphere (e.g., fear of contamination) and in a context where access to the social support network and psychosocial services was considerably reduced. Several experts have expressed concerns about this situation (Cluver et al., 2020;Witt et al., 2020), fearing that it could push some families into the zone of psychosocial risk and psychological distress (Berube et al., 2020;Lawson et al., 2020). Indeed, social adversity can negatively affect children’s and parents’ adjustment, due to the pressure it exerts on family processes (Repetti et al., 2002). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) © 2021 American Psychological Association

Public health measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted children and adolescents' (CA) lives, affecting their sense of structure, predictability, and security.To examine CA' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic to better understand how this context and its associated public health measures affected them and their mental health, and to identify helpful coping strategies.The study was guided by a participatory hermeneutic framework. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 25 CA aged 6-17 years during the first and second pandemic waves. Participants' interviews were analyzed following a narrative synthesis approach, through which CA' experiences were contrasted and contextualized to highlight relevant themes.Participants described a distinct pattern related to their mental health as the pandemic unfolded, which followed the severity of the pandemic in the province. Negative repercussions on their mental health were linked to the loss of social activities, imposed public health measures, transition to online learning, and challenges with family relationships. Certain youth shared positive societal and moral reflections triggered by the pandemic context. Coping strategies reported include: having a variety of hobbies; expressing their emotions; and accessing financial and material resources. This study highlights the importance of supporting CA' mental health during crisis situations such as a pandemic. Their perspectives are vital for clinical practice and policy improvement, particularly to find means for social engagement while maintaining safety.

Children and adolescents are a population at particular risk of experiencing adverse mental health repercussions related to pandemics. To understand vulnerability factors and repercussions of pandemics and related sanitary measures on children and adolescents’ mental health, we performed a scoping review to examine and synthesize literature. In total, 66 articles were included. Results present: (1) factors that increase vulnerability to adverse mental health repercussions (e.g., having a pre-existing mental health condition, social isolation, low socio-economic status, parental distress, and overexposure to media content) and (2) specific mental health repercussions (e.g., anxiety, fear, depression, and externalizing behaviors). Addressing concerns underlined in this review could contribute to preventing further negative mental health repercussions of pandemics for children and adolescents and better prepare governments and professionals to address these highly challenging situations. Recommendations for practice include enhancing healthcare professionals’ awareness about possible detrimental repercussions pandemics and sanitary measures have on children and adolescents’ mental health, assessing changes for those with pre-existing mental health conditions, allocating funding for telehealth research, and providing greater support to healthcare providers.

Premier centre d’archives à s’intéresser aux francophones hors Québec, le Centre de recherche en civilisation canadienne-française de l’Université d’Ottawa est aujourd’hui l’un des plus importants dépôts documentaires francophones au Canada à l’extérieur du Québec. Il a pavé la voie à plusieurs communautés qui désiraient rassembler en un seul endroit leur patrimoine documentaire, pour ainsi pérenniser leur mémoire et leur histoire. Son principal objectif est de promouvoir la recherche sur tous les aspects de la culture et de l’histoire canadienne-française, surtout en Ontario français, notamment en préservant près de six cents fonds d’archives et en les diffusant le plus largement possible. Au fil des ans, le CRCCF est ainsi devenu un lieu incontournable pour quiconque pose son regard sur le Canada français. Après soixante ans à oeuvrer pour la conservation des archives francophones au Canada, il est temps de dresser un bilan des réalisations du CRCCF, de faire le point sur ce qui a été accompli au cours des dernières décennies et sur les défis et les enjeux qui s’annoncent dans les prochaines années., The Centre for Research on French-Canadian Civilization of the University of Ottawa was the first documentation centre to focus on francophones outside Quebec; it is today one of the largest francophone documentation centres outside Quebec. It paved the way for several communities that wanted to gather their documentary heritage in one place, to safeguard their memory and their history. Its principal objective is to promote research on all aspects of French-Canadian culture and history, particularly that of francophone Ontario, primarily by holding nearly 600 archival fonds and communicating them as widely as possible. Through the years, the CRCCF has become a necessary source for anyone looking at French Canada. After 60 years of work in conserving Canada’s francophone archives, it is time to remember the Centre’s accomplishments and to highlight what it has done in recent decades and how it is planning to handle the challenges and issues of the future.

Le premier objectif de cette étude concerne l’évaluation de la force d’association entre chacun des trois troubles anxieux (phobies spécifiques, trouble d’anxiété de séparation, trouble d’anxiété généralisée) et l’épisode dépressif majeur, évalués par le Dominique Interactif. Le deuxième objectif est de vérifier si l’association entre ces troubles (comorbidité) varie selon deux indicateurs du développement définis par le groupe d’âge (6 à 8 ans, 9 à 11 ans) et le sexe (fille, garçon). L’échantillon est composé de 453 enfants de 6 à 11 ans de la population en général provenant de la région de Montréal (n = 228 filles; n = 225 garçons). Des modèles de régression logistique ont permis l’étude de l’effet du sexe et de l’âge en lien avec la comorbidité entre chacun des trois troubles anxieux et la dépression. Les résultats indiquent que la force d’association entre les trois troubles anxieux et la dépression est très élevée. De plus, les analyses de régression logistique révèlent que pour l’échantillon inclus dans cette étude, la comorbidité entre chacun des troubles anxieux et la dépression ne varie pas significativement selon le groupe d’âge ou le sexe des enfants. Ces résultats suggèrent l’importance de la comorbidité généralement observée chez les jeunes. Par ailleurs, le niveau élevé de la force d’association entre les troubles anxieux et la dépression indépendamment de l’âge et du sexe est préoccupant. En effet, la présence simultanée de plusieurs troubles intériorisés pourrait avoir des conséquences majeures pour le développement psychologique en augmentant le risque d’une psychopathologie. Les résultats de cette étude appuient la pertinence d’une évaluation précoce des problèmes de santé mentale chez les enfants, dans le but de prévenir l’aggravation de ces problèmes., The first objective of this study was to determine the strength of the association between three anxiety disorders (specific phobias, separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder) and major depressive disorder, evaluated by the Dominic Interactive. The second objective was to examine if this association varies according to two developmental indicators defined by age group (6-8 years and 9-11 years) and sex (girl or boy). This study was conducted using a data-base obtained from previous studies on the psychometric properties of the Dominic Interactive. The sample consisted of 453 children, 6 to 11 years-old, from the general population of the Montreal urban area (n = 228 girls; n = 225 boys). The results indicated that the strength of association between the three anxiety disorders and depression was very strong. The logistic regression analyses revealed that in the sample included in this study, comorbidity between anxiety and depression did not vary significantly according to the age group or sex of the children. These results therefore confirm the importance of the comorbidity generally observed among children. Yet, the strong association between anxiety disorders and depression, independent of age and sex, is a matter of serious concern. The simultaneous presence of a number of internalizing disorders may have major consequences for children’s psychological development and result in an aggravation of the psychopathology. The results of this study support the need for early screening of mental health problems to prevent severe disorders.

Objectifs : Cette étude visait à : a) préciser le vécu des Jeunes ayant un Parent atteint d’un Trouble Mental (JPTM) au cours de leur transition vers l’âge adulte, en mettant en évidence tant les défis qu’ils rencontrent que les facteurs de protection leur permettant de composer avec ces défis; b) identifier des pistes de solution à envisager pour soutenir la résilience des JPTM transitant vers l’âge adulte.Méthode : Les données ont été recueillies au cours d’ateliers Photovoice menés auprès de neuf participants (âge moyen : 22,5 ans). Cinq rencontres de deux heures ont permis à ces jeunes d’échanger autour de photographies au cours du printemps 2019. L’analyse de contenu des données retranscrites a été réalisée en collaboration avec les participants.Résultats : Le fait d'avoir un parent atteint d’un trouble mental apporte son lot de défis lors de la transition vers l’âge adulte, en influençant notamment la prise d’autonomie, la construction identitaire et le parcours académique ou professionnel des jeunes. Un certain nombre de ressources individuelles, relationnelles et contextuelles sont identifiées, par les jeunes eux-mêmes, comme des facteurs leur permettant de composer avec ces défis. Des pistes de solutions impliquant différents milieux (scolaire, communautaire, santé et services sociaux) sont proposées pour soutenir la transition vers l’âge adulte des JPTM.Implications : Des recommandations pratiques sont formulées sur la base des pistes de solutions proposées par les jeunes et des meilleures pratiques recensées dans la littérature.

Anesthesie dans une salle de chirurgie, ca 1939 © Archives du Monastere des Augustines En 1939, un appareil-photo s’immisce dans une salle de chirurgie de l’Hotel-Dieu de Quebec pour croquer sur le vif le chef anesthesiste en pleine operation, assiste par l’infirmiere sœur Sainte-Denise. Les fonds d’archives du Monastere des Augustines conservent un eventail tres large de ce genre de photographies, qui temoignent du travail des premieres infirmieres canadiennes. En filigrane de cette simple ...

Malgré l’efficacité reconnue de certains programmes de soutien à la parentalité, la participation des parents est souvent faible et variable d’un programme à l’autre. Dans ce contexte, cette étude vise à explorer les facteurs qui sont liés à l’intention des mères à participer à un programme de soutien à la parentalité. Des analyses secondaires des données de l’Enquête internationale sur les Parents-Canada (Lee et al., 2014) ont été réalisées à partir d’un sous-échantillon de mères québécoises francophones d’enfants âgés de 2 à 12 ans (n = 192). Les résultats montrent que la majorité des mères (61 %) rapporte ne pas connaître et n’avoir participé à aucun programme de soutien à la parentalité. Or, les analyses de régression indiquent que cette connaissance serait un facteur lié à l’intention de participer à un tel programme. De plus, le fait de manifester un intérêt pour les modalités de groupe semble aussi être un facteur favorable à l’intention des mères d’y participer. Ces résultats sont discutés en termes d’implication pour favoriser le recrutement des parents à des programmes de soutien à la parentalité., Despite the proven effectiveness of some parenting programs, parental enrollment is often low and varies from one program to another. In this context, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that are linked to mothers’ participation in parenting programs. Secondary analyses of the data from the International Parenting Survey of Canada (IPS-C) (Lee, Smith, Stern et al., 2014) were conducted based on a subsample of francophone Quebec mothers of children aged 2 to 12 years old (n = 192). The results show that a majority of mothers (61 %) reported not knowing and not having participated in any parenting program. However, regression analysis shows that being aware of those programs may be a strong motive to participate. Moreover, participants who expressed an interest in group programs seem to be more likely to participate in parenting programs in the future. These results are discussed in terms of involvement, to promote recruitment of parents in parenting support programs.

In fathers, depression symptoms experienced during pregnancy and after childbirth represent a depression risk factor during the child first months. Since depression can have a huge impact on their subsequent involvement with the child, this issue is worrisome and requires consideration. Until now, however, few studies have dealt with paternal depression and its determinants beyond the perinatal period.This study uses data from a representative provincial survey conducted with 1342 fathers of children aged 6 months to 17 years. It documents the prevalence of moderate and severe depression symptoms with the CES-D scale as well as associated factors.Findings show prevalence rates ranging from 3% to 10% depending on depression symptom severity and children age. Associated factors include problematic use of alcohol, no employment, stress related to balancing work and family, domestic violence environment, and low revenue and social support.These results are interpreted in light of the role and involvement fathers keep in their child's life. They also stress the importance of identifying depression symptoms in this population beyond the perinatal period while monitoring the symptom intensity.Chez les pères, les symptômes dépressifs vécus pendant la grossesse et après la naissance représentent un facteur de risque de la dépression dans les premiers mois de vie de l’enfant. Puisque celle-ci peut avoir de lourdes conséquences sur leur engagement ultérieur auprès de l’enfant, cette problématique est préoccupante et nécessite qu’on s’y attarde. Or à ce jour, peu d’études ont porté sur la dépression paternelle et sur ses déterminants au-delà de la période périnatale.Cette étude utilise les données d’une enquête provinciale représentative réalisée auprès de 1342 pères d’enfants âgés de 6 mois à 17 ans. Elle documente la prévalence des symptômes dépressifs modérés et graves à l’aide du CES-D ainsi que leurs facteurs associés.Les résultats montrent des prévalences variant de 3% à 10% selon la gravité des symptômes dépressifs et l’âge des enfants. Parmi les facteurs associés, on retrouve la consommation problématique d’alcool, l’absence d’un emploi, le stress lié à la conciliation famille-travail, le climat de violence conjugale ainsi que de faibles revenu et soutien social.Ces résultats sont interprétés à la lumière du rôle et de l’engagement des pères dans la vie de l’enfant et soulèvent l’importance d’identifier auprès de cette population les symptômes dépressifs au-delà de la période périnatale tout en portant une attention à l’intensité de ces symptômes.

Epidemiology of child and adolescent mental health is a relatively new discipline, particularly in the province of Quebec. Some work has however estimated the prevalence of the most common mental disorders among young people, such as anxiety and depression, as well as identified associated individual, family and socio-economic variables. This article has two objectives: to present a review of major epidemiological research findings in child psychiatry conducted in the province of Quebec and highlight the contribution of these findings for public health. To achieve these objectives, this article presents the results of research related to three themes: 1) measurement and identification of anxiety and depressive disorders in children and adolescents, 2) the prevalence of these disorders and comorbidity, 3) the correlates of anxiety and depressive disorders identified in epidemiological studies. The authors will then highlight future implications of these results across Québec policies in the field of public health.

Au début du XIXe siècle, la Louisiane est une région agricole fort prospère, qui connaît un essor spectaculaire. La population servile augmente considérablement, alors que le système esclavagiste se développe et se radicalise. La Louisiane antebellum1 est ainsi le théâtre parfait pour étudier la rencontre entre religion et esclavage. Comment les esclaves parviennent-ils à se forger une culture religieuse bien distincte de celle de leurs maîtres ? Comment cette culture apparaît-elle aux yeux des voyageurs qui atteignent la Nouvelle-Orléans au XIXe siècle ? En quoi les pratiques religieuses des esclaves des Antilles, qui arrivent en grand nombre au tournant du siècle, ont-elles influencé la religion des esclaves louisianais ? En se basant sur les récits de voyage du XIXe siècle, cet article nous permettra de partir à la découverte de la culture religieuse des esclaves de Louisiane., In the beginning of the 19th century, Louisiana is a prosperous agricultural area. Slave population increases dramatically while the slavery system becomes more radical. Antebellum Louisiana is the perfect scene to study the relation between religion and slavery. How do slaves build a distinct religious culture, different from the culture of their masters? How this culture appears to travelers who visit New Orleans in 19th century? How and what religious practices of the Caribbean slaves, who arrive in large numbers at the turn of the century, influenced the religion of Louisiana’s slaves? Based on travelers’ accounts of the 19th century, this article will allow us to explore the religious culture of slaves in Louisiana.

This article presents results of a survey investigating parents' needs for parenting services, their access to and preferences for parenting programs. Canadian parents (N = 2,340) completed the International Parenting Survey (Morawska, Heinrichs, & Sanders, 2011) with respect to the youngest of their children who was in the 2-12 year age range. In this community sample, over a quarter of parents reported that they had consulted a professional about their child's behavior in the last year. Fifteen percent of parents had participated in some form of parenting program, although only a quarter of these programs were evidence-based. Parents' top-reported barriers to participating in a parenting program were lack of awareness and felt need, followed by practical barriers such as lack of time and access to child care. Parents expressed interest in a diverse array of delivery modes for parenting programs. Implications for enhancing access to parenting programs are discussed.Keywords: access to services, children, parent preferences, awareness of programs, parenting supportResumeLe present article expose les resultats d'une enquete sur les besoins des parents en matiere de services d'aide parentale ainsi que sur l'acces des parents aux differents programmes d'aide parentale et leurs preferences par rapport a ces derniers. Des parents canadiens (N ^ 2 340) ont repondu a l'Enquete internationale aupres des parents (Morawska, Heinrichs, & Sanders, 2011) au sujet de leur enfant le plus jeune se trouvant dans la plage d'âge de 2 a 12 ans. Dans cet echantillon de la collectivite, plus d'un quart des parents ont declare qu'ils avaient consulte un professionnel au sujet du comportement de leur enfant au cours de la derniere annee. Quinze pour cent des parents ont participe a une forme quelconque de programme d'aide aux parents, bien que seulement un quart de ces programmes etaient fondes sur des preuves. Les principales barri- eres citees par les parents concernant la participation a un pro- gramme d'aide parentale etaient qu'ils n'etaient pas au courant ou qu'ils n'en ressentaient pas le besoin, suivies de barrieres pratiques tels que le manque de temps et d'acces aux services de garderie. Les parents ont exprime de l'interet vis-a-vis une panoplie de modes de prestation de programmes d'aide parentale. Les impli- cations relatives a l'amelioration de l'acces aux programmes d'aide parentale sont abordees.Mots-cles : acces aux services, enfants, preferences parentales, sensibilisation aux programmes, aide parentale.One in five children experiences a mental disorder that disrupts their functioning in multiple domains; untreated, many symptoms persist into adulthood (Merikangas et al., 2010). Mirroring the situation in other countries, only 25% of Canadian children in need receive any services (Waddell, Peters, Hua, McEwan, & Garland, 2007). It is clear Canada has a substantial unmet need for services to address children's emotional and behavioral problems. A large body of psychological research has established that family envi- ronments both contribute to and are affected by children's prob- lems (Grusec, 2011). Children and youth with emotional and behavior problems are more likely to grow up in families charac- terized by parental psychopathology, child rearing practices that contribute to the child's dysfunction, aggression between parents, poor family communication, and high levels of parental stress (Kazdin & De Los Reyes, 2008; Piche, Bergeron & Cyr, 2008). To address these issues, a variety of programs have been designed to support parents in providing a positive environment for their children (Sanders, 2012). In this article we describe results from a survey of Canadian parents about whether they have consulted a professional about their child's behavior, whether they have at- tended a parenting program, the perceived barriers to accessing parenting programs, as well as the perceived usefulness of differ- ent modes of delivery of parenting programs. …

Objectives: As no single informant can be considered the gold standard of child psychopathology, interviewing of children regarding their own symptoms is necessary. Our study focused on the reliability, validity, and clinical use of the Dominic Interactive (DI), a multimedia self-report screen to assess symptoms for the most frequent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, mental disorders in school-aged children. Methods: A sample of 585 children aged 6 to 11 years from the community and psychiatric clinics was used to analyze the internal consistency, the test-retest estimate of reliability, and the criterion-related validity of the DI against the referral status. In addition, cross-informant correlation coefficients between this instrument (child report) and the Child Symptom Inventory (parent report) were explored in a subsample of 292 participants. Results: For the total sample, Cronbach alpha coefficients ranged from 0.63 to 0.91. Test–retest kappas varied from 0.42 to 0.62 for categories based on cut-off points, except for specific phobias. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.70 to 0.81 for symptom scales. The DI discriminated between referred and nonreferred children in psychiatric clinics for all symptom scales. Significant cross-informant correlation coefficients were higher for the externalizing symptoms (0.35 to 0.48) than the internalizing symptoms (0.14 to 0.27). Conclusions: Findings of our study reasonably support adequate psychometric properties of the DI. This instrument offers a developmentally sensitive screening method to obtain unique information from young children about their mental health problems in front-line services, psychiatric clinics, and research settings.

Identifying early precursors of body mass index (BMI) and sports participation represents an important concern from a public health perspective and can inform the development of preventive interventions. This article examines whether kindergarten child self-regulation, as measured by classroom engagement and behavioral regulation, predicts healthy dispositions in fourth grade. To address this objective, secondary analyses were conducted using prospective-longitudinal data from 966 children followed by the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. Self-regulatory skills, including classroom engagement and behavioral regulation, were measured by kindergarten teachers. Greater self-regulatory skills predicted lower BMI and greater parent-reported child sports participation, after controlling for a number of potentially confounding child and family characteristics. This article suggests that assessing kindergarten self-regulatory capacities may help identify children at risk of developing unhealthy dispositions and behaviors in middle childhood.

In this paper, the authors analyze the empirical process of securitization of the US–Canada border and then reflect on the model proposed by the Copenhagen School. We argue that securitization theory oversimplifies the political process of securitizing moves and audience acceptance. Rather than attributing securitization to a singular speaker addressing a specific audience, we present overlapping and ongoing language security games performed by varying relevant actors during the key period between the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) in December 2004 and the signing of the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP) in June 2005, showing how multiple speakers participate in the continuing construction of a context in which this issue is increasingly treated as a matter of security. We also explore the language adopted by participants in the field, focusing on an expert panel convened by the Homeland Security Institute. We conclude that in the securitization of the US–Canada border there are inconsistencies between truth and discourse, as well as significant distinctions between official and bureaucratic discourses, further emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive model of securitization.Résumé. Dans cet article, les auteurs font l'analyse du processus empirique de la sécurisation de la frontière Canado-Américaine à travers la réflexion sur le modèle proposé par l'École de Copenhague. Nous soutenons que cette théorie de sécurisation simplifie trop le processus politique de son initiation et de l'acceptation de l'auditeur. Au lieu d'attribuer la sécurisation à un orateur, s'adressant à un public particulier, nous présentons les jeux de langage continuels effectués par plusieurs acteurs pendant la période suivant la Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) en décembre 2004, jusqu'à l'approbation de la Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP) en juin 2005. Nous maintenons que plusieurs orateurs participent dans la construction continuelle du contexte dans lequel l'affaire est de plus en plus comprise dans le cadre de sécurité. Nous explorons aussi le langage employé par les participants dans le champ, observant surtout un groupe d'experts convoqué au Homeland Security Institute. Nous concluons que dans le cas de la sécurisation de la frontière Canado-Américaine il existe des incohérences entre le discours et le réel, ainsi que des distinctions significatives entre les discours officiels et bureaucratiques, mettant l'accent sur l'importance d'un modèle compréhensif de sécurisation.

Objectives In fathers, depression symptoms experienced during pregnancy and after childbirth represent a depression risk factor during the child first months. Since depression can have a huge impact on their subsequent involvement with the child, this issue is worrisome and requires consideration. Until now, however, few studies have dealt with paternal depression and its determinants beyond the perinatal period. Method This study uses data from a representative provincial survey conducted with 1342 fathers of children aged 6 months to 17 years. It documents the prevalence of moderate and severe depression symptoms with the CES-D scale as well as associated factors. Results Findings show prevalence rates ranging from 3% to 10% depending on depression symptom severity and children age. Associated factors include problematic use of alcohol, no employment, stress related to balancing work and family, domestic violence environment, and low revenue and social support. Conclusion These results are interpreted in light of the role and involvement fathers keep in their child's life. They also stress the importance of identifying depression symptoms in this population beyond the perinatal period while monitoring the symptom intensity.

We investigated the interaction effects between mother’s lifetime depressive/anxiety disorders and psychosocial correlates of 6 to 11 year-old children’s self-reported externalizing symptoms in the Quebec Child Mental Health Survey. A representative subsample of 1,490 Quebec children aged 6 to 11 years was selected from the original sample. We conducted multiple linear regression analyses using externalizing symptoms as reported by children through the Dominic questionnaire and multiple child, family and socioeconomic characteristics. Two variables interacted significantly with mother’s lifetime depressive/anxiety disorders to predict 6 to 11 year-old children’s self-reported externalizing symptoms: physical/sexual abuse and mother’s caring behaviours. Results underline the main contribution of mother-child relationship and stressful events in the association between mother’s lifetime depressive/anxiety disorders and children’s externalizing symptoms. It is suggested to develop preventive intervention programs oriented towards children of lifetime depressed/anxious parents who also report parent-child relational difficulties.

Actuellement, les modeles du temperament permettent une approche dimensionnelle des comportements humains et de la psychopathologie. Cette etude vise a quantifier le temperament et la labilite emotionnelle chez des adolescents et de jeunes adultes sans psychopathologie, et a determiner l’influence de l’âge et de sexe sur ces traits. Quarante-cinq participants (12 a 29 ans) sans diagnostic psychiatrique ont ete recrutes parmi les etudiants et les enfants des professionnels d’un service de pedopsychiatrie francais. Le Youth Self-Report a confirme l’absence de trouble. Le modele biosocial de la personnalite de Cloninger a ete explore grâce a la version abregee francophone du Temperament and Character Inventory. Les temperaments affectifs d’Akiskal ont ete evalues par le TEMPS-A, developpe par l’equipe d’Akiskal. La labilite emotionnelle a ete examinee par l’Affective Lability Scale. Des correlations inverses sont observees entre l’âge et les temperaments depressif et cyclothymique, ainsi que pour les sous-echelles elation, depression, colere et labilite emotionnelle globale. Ces correlations sont faibles, et suggerent une tendance plutot qu’une difference marquee. L’evitement de danger et la dependance de recompense sont plus eleves chez les filles/femmes, comparativement aux garcons/hommes. Les hommes et les femmes se ressemblent plus qu’ils ne se different. L’influence de l’âge et le sexe sur le temperament serait donc presente, mais de maniere subtile. Un echantillon plus large, et des questionnaires plus detailles permettront d’affiner les differences sexuelles et liees a l’âge.

It is well recognised that mental health disorders in parents are associated with internalizing disorders in their children. For better understanding of the nature of this association, this article presents a critical analysis of 5 theoretical models and of major findings from empirical studies conducted on this question in the past 15 years. Several psychosocial characteristics are found to be more frequent in families of depressed or anxious parents and are associated to a higher prevalence of internalizing disorders in their children. Two hypotheses are drawn from these findings : (a) The presence of internalizing disorders in a parent may contribute to the emergence of other at-risk conditions associated with internalizing disorders in children; and (b) the presence of some psychosocial characteristics may exacerbate the influence of being exposed to parental anxiety or depression.

Dans la société actuelle, où les interactions s’appuient sur la communication verbale, certains chercheurs suggèrent que les jeunes sourds sont plus susceptibles de vivre des émotions négatives intenses et de faire face à des situations de marginalisation sociale (Foster, 1998 ; Roots, 1999). En effet, d’une part, ces jeunes sourds éprouveraient davantage de difficultés de communication dans leurs milieux familial, social et scolaire que les jeunes entendants et, d’autre part, certains rapportent se sentir exclus socialement (Piché et Hubert, 2006). Ces résultats mettent en évidence, entre autres, l’importance de favoriser le développement des habiletés de communication des parents d’enfants sourds., In our societies, in which verbal communication forms the basis of our everyday social interactions, several researchers suggest that deaf youth are more likely to live intense negative emotions and to face situations of social marginalization (Foster, 1998 ; Roots, 1999). Indeed, on the one hand these deaf adolescents encounter more communication difficulties in their family, social and school environment than hearing youth, and on the other hand some report feeling socially excluded (Piché et Hubert, 2006). These results indicate, in part, the importance of interventions aiming at the development of communication skills in parents of deaf children.

Purpose. Health promotion in youth is likely to benefit from enhancing academic achievement and physical activity. The present study examines how kindergarten childhood self-regulation skills and behaviors predict involvement in both structured and unstructured physical and nonphysical extracurricular activities in the fourth grade. As a second objective this study also investigated how kindergarten childhood participation in extracurricular activities predicts classroom engagement, reflective of self-regulation, by the fourth grade. Design. Secondary analyses were conducted using prospective-longitudinal data. Setting. The Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, Quebec, Canada. Subjects. Participants were randomly selected at birth from a stratified sample of 2694 born in Québec, Canada, between 1997 and 1998. Participants were included if they had complete data on teacher ratings of child self-regulation as measured by classroom engagement and parent ratings of sports participation (n = 935). Measures. Teachers reported self-regulation skills in children through a measure of classroom engagement. Parents provided reports of child participation extracurricular activities. Analysis. Ordinary least-squares regressions were conducted. Results. A higher-frequency kindergarten involvement with structured physical activities was associated with fourth-grade classroom engagement (β = .061, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .017, .104). Better kindergarten classroom engagement predicted more frequent participation in fourth-grade structured physical activities (β = .799, 95% CI: .405, 1.192) and team sports (β = .408, 95% CI: .207, .608). Conclusion. Results suggest mutual relations between physical activity and self-regulation from kindergarten to grade four. This suggests strong learning skills indicative of self-regulation and opportunities to participate in supervised physical activities or sports teams may help children develop healthy dispositions and behaviors in emerging adolescence.