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Genetically modified (GM) crops and their products are regulated in many countries. To meet increasing regulatory requirements for a growing number of GM soybean events, high-throughput and cost-effective detection methods are indispensable. In this study, 14 widely commercialized GM soybean events, including GTS40-3-2, MON89788, CV127, A2704-12, A5547-127, 305423, 356043, MON87701, MON87705, MON87708, MON87769, SYHT0H2, FG72, and DAS-444Ø6-6 were utilized as targets for event-specific identification. A high-throughput detection method was established by integrating a single universal primer multiplex PCR (SUP-M-PCR) with capillary electrophoresis technique. This method enables the identification of 14 soybean events in a single PCR reaction, addressing the limitations of conventional multiplex PCR such as self-inhibition and amplification variations between different primers. Furthermore, it significantly enhances the sensitivity and accuracy of previous multiple detection methods, achieving a detection sensitivity of 0.05% (w/w). Overall, this approach greatly improves detection efficiency and holds promising potential for the identification and detection of 14 types of GM soybean events and their derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possible persistence of genetically modified (GM) crop-to-wild hybrid seeds in the soil seed bank is a major concern in risk assessment and is closely related to seed characteristics such as dormancy. In the present study, we generated F3 hybrids via crosses between GM soybean accessions and wild soybean and evaluated the dormancy, overwintering ability and inheritance of foreign genes in different-coloured hybrid seeds (yellow, green, brown and black). The results revealed that the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase transgene may have no influence on crop wild hybrid seed dormancy and overwintering ability, and the dormancy of the hybrid seeds was closely related to seed coat colour. F3 hybrid seeds with light colours (yellow and green) were relatively nondormant, while seeds that were dark (brown and black) in colour were relatively dormant. Moreover, the hybrid seeds that were dark in colour had a much stronger overwintering ability than the lighter-coloured seeds, with 21.33 % of the black seeds and 33.33 % of the brown seeds remaining viable after 240 days of soil burial. In contrast, almost all the F3 yellow and green seeds were no longer viable during winter. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the lighter-coloured seeds had a thin palisade layer and very few surface deposits, while the darker-coloured seeds had a thicker palisade layer and a large area of honeycomb-like surface deposits similar to those of wild soybean seeds. Thus, the physical dormancy and overwintering ability of the darker-coloured seeds may be related to the seed coat. Our results suggest that transgenes of GM soybean might disperse into wild populations and persist in seed banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The main advantage of digital PCR (dPCR) is that it facilitates absolute quantification of the target without reference to the standard/calibration curve. Crystal droplet dPCR has a three-color staining detection function, which enables multiplex PCR reaction. In this study, this technique was used to establish triple dPCR detection for the genetically modified soybean MON87708 ​× ​MON89788 with stacked traits. Specific absolute quantitative detection was accomplished for the genomic DNA extracted from the homogenized seeds of GM stack MON87708 ​× ​MON89788 soybean. Our results can serve as a reference for the absolute quantitative detection of stacked events of genetically modified crops.

To regulate the degradation of transgenic DNA and lay theoretical foundations for the rational utilization of genetically modified (GM) products, variations in copy numbers and structural characteristics of DNA from GM soybean event GTS 40-3-2 during soybean protein concentrate (SPC) preparation were evaluated. Results showed that defatting and the first ethanol extraction were key procedures inducing DNA degradation. After these two procedures, copy numbers of the lectin and cp4 epsps targets decreased by more than 4 × 108, occupying 36.88–49.30% of the total copy numbers from raw soybean. Atomic force microscopy images visually revealed the degradation of DNA that thinned and shortened during SPC preparation. Circular dichroism spectra suggested a lower helicity of DNA from defatted soybean kernel flour and a conformation transition of DNA from B-type to A-type after ethanol extraction. The fluorescence intensity of DNA decreased during SPC preparation, verifying the DNA damage along this preparation chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Тhe effect of glyphosate-resistant genetically modified soybean and herbicide “Roundup” on the enzymatic activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and on the content of middle mass molecules in rat serum has been investigated. The studies were made on the Wistar rats divided into five groups: 1st group — intact; 2nd group — 25% of rat’s ration was replaced by traditional soybean; 3rd group — the rats received feed containing genetically modified soybean not treated with the herbicide “Roundup”; 4th group — the rats received feed containing genetically modified soybean treated with the herbicide; 5th group — the rats received the herbicide “Roundup” with drinking water. After 42 days females of all groups were mated and continued to receive the same diet and herbicide with drinking water. In 22–24 days the next generation of rats was born. In the first and second generation of rats fed with the herbicide “Roundup” and transgenic soybean treated with this herbicide, the hyperenzymemia of ALT, AST and GGT in compared with control group was observed. At the same time, De Ritis Ratio wass reduced to values of 0.8 and 0.7 for the rats fed with soybean “Roundup Ready” and herbicide, respectively. It is shown that the level of middle mass molecules in blood serum of the first rat generation increases in 1.5 and 1.6 times in cases of feeding rats with genetically modified soybean treated with herbicide and herbicide only; the increase in the content of middle mass molecules is observed in the second generation too. The increase of middle mass molecules content in blood serum indicates a syndrome of endogenous intoxication.

To regulate the degradation of transgenic DNA and lay theoretical foundations for the rational utilization of genetically modified (GM) products, variations in copy numbers and structural characteristics of DNA from GM soybean event GTS 40-3-2 during soybean protein concentrate (SPC) preparation were evaluated. Results showed that defatting and the first ethanol extraction were key procedures inducing DNA degradation. After these two procedures, copy numbers of the lectin and cp4 epsps targets decreased by more than 4 × 108, occupying 36.88–49.30% of the total copy numbers from raw soybean. Atomic force microscopy images visually revealed the degradation of DNA that thinned and shortened during SPC preparation. Circular dichroism spectra suggested a lower helicity of DNA from defatted soybean kernel flour and a conformation transition of DNA from B-type to A-type after ethanol extraction. The fluorescence intensity of DNA decreased during SPC preparation, verifying the DNA damage along this preparation chain.

The presence of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food and feed products is regulated in many countries. Various countries have issued labeling threshold levels to supervise GMO commercialization, and efficient detection methods to quantify GMO contents are critical to meet labeling regulations. The aim of this study was to develop event-specific methods to measure the event-specific/lectin gene (Le1) copy number ratio in soybean using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), which is a recently developed technology that offers high accuracy. Duplex ddPCR methods were developed and optimized using a central composite design for the five most widely authorized GM soybean events, in which the target gene was labeled with one fluorescent reporter and the endogenous gene with another. The methods produced specific results, and the performance complied with international GMO labeling regulations. Further, the duplex ddPCR methods are compatible with chip-based digital PCR platforms and original real-time PCR, but allow higher throughput and are more sensitive in identification and quantification of these five widely authorized genetically modified soybean events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Technology Natural Science Edition is the property of Henan University of Technology Journal Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ukraine is one of the European and world leaders in soybean cultivation. According to some estimation, 30-90% of the crops area is used currently for cultivation of genetically modified varieties. As modified soybean areas are expanding, the potential nutritional threats related to this product should be thoroughly assessed. The influence of nutrition ration consisting of 20% of the thermo-treated genetically modified soybeans on postnatal development of rats has been investigated over two generations in comparison with nutrition by regular thermo-treated beans. The number of alive and dead newborns, average number of offspring and the survival rate has been calculated as well as general estimation of physical development of the newborn rats was made. The experimental results prove that the reproductive function of rats and the offspring development are not seriously influenced by nutrition with genetically modified soybeans within the first and second generations. No statistically reliable difference was found between the characteristic parameters of the experimental and control groups, which remained within their regular physiological limits. However, some decrease in the suckling age rats’ number was registered in the experimental group.

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Technology Natural Science Edition is the property of Henan University of Technology Journal Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work was conducted to monitor the presence of Roundup Ready (RR) soybean in the organism chicken and egg-laying hens. The promotion of a high level of food safety is a major policy priority worldwide. The innocuousness of foodstuffs is a concept inherent in food safety and is related to many aspects of agrarian technologies as well as to food production and processing. Due to great advances in agricultural biotechnology, scientists are able to use artificial genetic manipulations to successfully transfer genes for herbicide tolerance and insect resistance into traditional crops or other advances. Many genetically modified (GM) plant cultivars have been registered worldwide. The most cultivated of genetically modified (GM) is the Roundup Ready soybean, which represents the staple constituents of many foods. Feeding from 2 months of age to chickens, and then egg-laying hens of GMO round-resistant soybeans, had a negative effect on the withdrawal of chickens after incubation of eggs, which was 47.7 %, and the viability of these chickens was 27 %. The low fertility of eggs from the egg-laying hens, which fed the GM round-resistant soy, and the very low viability of offspring, convincingly represent the danger of using such soya in foods for children and young people. The data on the content of phytoestrogens in GM soybeans is a tremendous indication that chickens have received them in sufficient quantities for 2 months, but is flavones could not be the cause of the incidence of chickens. In our opinion, the low viability of chickens is a consequence of the presence in GM soybeans of unnatural protein peptides. Thus, we have established a lower 30 % content of aromatic amino acids in GM soybeans compared to controls, which indicates that there are unnatural peptides in it, obviously, compounds of glyphosate with tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine. The intensity of metabolic processes in the bird organism is much higher than that of other animals, and therefore the natural or specific peptides, namely the molecule of glycine with the methylphosphonyl group and the aromatic amino acid, can be absorbed in the intestine and replace the natural glycine in the process of protein synthesis with unknown consequences. The question arises: why in 2 months the chickens began to die? Perhaps during this period there is accumulation of nonspecific proteins to the critical concentration in the body of chickens, which are quite sensitive to the manifestation of such action. After all, GM soy was fed to many laboratory and agricultural animals, but there was no high level of their consumption. Undeniably, studies on chickens have convincingly shown the negative effects of a high level of transgenic soy on reproduction and viability, which is a confirmation of the danger of the use of such soya in foods for children and young people.

Allergenicity assessment of transgenic plants and foods is important for food safety, labeling regulations, and health protection. The aim of this study was to develop an effective multi-allergen diagnostic approach for transgenic soybean assessment. For this purpose, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with DNA chip technology was employed. The study was focused on the herbicide-resistant Roundup Ready soya (RRS) using a set of certified reference materials consisting of 0, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 10% RRS. Technically, the procedure included design of PCR primers and probes; genomic DNA extraction; development of uniplex and multiplex PCR systems; DNA analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis; microarray development, hybridization, and scanning. The use of the asymmetric multiplex PCR method is shown to be very efficient for DNA hybridization with biochip probes. We demonstrate that newly developed fourplex PCR methods coupled with DNA-biochips enable simultaneous identification of three major endogenous allergens, namely, Gly m Bd 28K, Gly m Bd 30K, and lectin, as well as exogenous 5-enolppyruvyl shikimate-phosphate synthase (epsps) expressed in herbicide-resistant roundup ready GMOs. The approach developed in this study can be used for accurate, cheap, and fast testing of food allergens.

The content of protein, moisture content and essential amino acids in conventional and genetically modified soybean grain and selected soybean products (soybean pâté, soybean drink, soybean dessert, tofu) was analyzed in this paper. The following comparative analysis of these products has not yet been carried out. No differences were observed in the amino acid profiles of soybeans and soybean products. The presence of essential amino acids was confirmed except for tryptophan. Its absence, however, may be due not to its absence in the raw material, but to its decomposition as a result of the acid hydrolysis of the sample occurring during its preparation for amino acid determination. Regardless of the type of soybean grain, the content of protein, moisture content and essential amino acids was similar (statistically insignificant difference). Thus, the type of raw material did not determine these parameters. There was a significant imbalance in the quantitative composition of essential amino acids in individual soybean products. Only statistically significant variation was found in genetically modified and conventional soybean pâté. Moreover, in each soy product their amount was lower irrespective of the raw material from which they were manufactured. Therefore, the authors indicate the necessity of enriching soybean products with complete protein to increase their nutritional value.

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Technology Natural Science Edition is the property of Henan University of Technology Journal Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] The paper was to investigate effects of glyphosate stress on physiological characteristics and protein expression of photosystem II(PS II) in genentically modified soybean GTS 40-3-2 seedlings under severe drought condition. [Method] A pot experiment was carried out in growth chamber to determine the response of genetically modified soybean treated by severe drought stress and different concentrations of glyphosate at the third compound leaf stage. [Result] Severe drought treatment increased the electrolyte leakage (EL), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxi-dase (POD) activities, and decreased the relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, and catalase (CAT) activity. The EL, SOD and POD activities were significantly increased in severe drought and glyphosate treatments, which were related to glyphosate concentrations. The chlorophyll content decreased, which was also related to glyphosate concentrations. But the BWC and CAT activity were not affected by glyphosate concentrations. Western blot displayed that PS II protein Lhcb2 was not affected by stress conditions and stably expressed. D1, D2 and Lhcb4 protein level decreased, and there was no significant change in Lhcbl expression under severe drought stress. The protein levels of D1, D2, Lhcbl and Lhcb4 decreased with the increase of glyphosate concentrations under severe drought and glyphosate stress. When the glyphosate concentrations were 0.92 and 1.84 kg•ai/hm², the protein levels of D1, D2 and Lhcb4 were slightly higher than those in severe drought stress. When the glyphosate concentrations were 3.68 and 7.36 kg•ai/hm², the protein level of D1, D2, Lhcbl and Lhcb4 decreased sharply. [Conclusion] This research provides a theoretical basis for production of genetically modified soybean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We previously reported the rate of Kinugoshi tofu containing detectable genetically modified (GM) soybean (RRS) among commercially available products in the Matsumoto City area by detecting the RRS-specific sequence. Since Kinugoshi tofu was the only sample analyzed, and RRS was only detectable using the genetic techniques available at that time, we evaluated the rate of GM soybeans using tofu products commercially available in the Matsumoto City area. In the present study, we employed the specific sequences of other GM Soybeans (RRS2 and LLS) to detect GM soybeans using real-time PCR. We analyzed 163 samples of Kinugoshi tofu, 64 of Momen tofu, 4 of Grilled tofu, and 1 of Kanten tofu available in the Matsumoto City area between November 2014 and January 2016. Among these samples, 14 of Kinugoshi tofu and 1 of Momen tofu were positive for RRS, while 7 of Kinugoshi tofu and 3 of Momen tofu were positive for RRS2. There were no positive samples for LLS. The present results showed that among the GM soybeans included in tofu in the current market in Japan, RRS was dominant. LLS was less common than RRS and RRS2, which are Roundup-herbicide resistant GM soybeans. These results may reflect the cultivated amounts of the GM soybeans in USA, Canada, and Brazil because these countries are the major soybean trading partners of Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a graphene-based biosensor selective to recombinant cyanovirin-N (rCV-N), an antiviral protein that has proven to be an effective microbicide to inhibit HIV replication. We modified the graphene monolayer devices with 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester, which interacts with both graphene and the primary and secondary amines of antibodies. By monitoring the change in the electrical resistance of the device, we were able to detect rCV-N in solutions in the range of 0.01 to 10 ng/mL, and found that the detection limit was 0.45 pg/mL, which is much smaller than that obtained with currently available techniques. This is important for applications of this microbicide against HIV, since it may be produced at a large scale from soya bean seeds processed using the available industrial processing technologies. The sensor showed high sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility.

Copyright of Biological Resources & Nature Management is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The estimation of measurement uncertainty (MU) in the detection of genetically modified organisms is still not a systematic and common practice. Here, the Monte Carlo method (MCM) and the Guide to Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) approach were simultaneously implemented to evaluate the MU for the relative content of the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV35S) in a mixed sample of genetically modified soybean. The two methods gave a mean estimate of the measure that was very close to the theoretical content of CaMV35S in the mixed sample (3.00%). However, the mean value of CaMV35S estimated by the MCM (2.95%) was smaller than that obtained using the GUM method (3.09%). Moreover, the MCM concluded that the standard uncertainty (2 × 10 −4 ) of CaMV35S was ∼75% smaller than the value (8 × 10 −4 ) estimated by the GUM approach. This suggests that the GUM method overestimated the uncertainty of the CaMV35S content. Additionally, the differences regarding the estimated coverage intervals between the MCM (2.91–3.00%) and GUM (2.93–3.25%) method were determined. The semi-width of the coverage interval (expanded uncertainty for 95% coverage probability) provided by the GUM method (0.16%) assuming a normal distribution was 72% greater than the value (0.045%) estimated by the MCM. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference between the two methods when their calculated uncertainties were rounded to two decimal places. This suggests that the normality assumption in the estimation of MU using the GUM approach is valid and satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 90-day feeding study in rats was conducted to evaluate the subchronic oral toxicity of genetically modified (GM) DAS-81419-2 soybean. Wistar rats were fed with diets containing toasted soybean meal produced from DAS-81419-2 soybean grain that expresses the Cry1F, Cry1Ac, and Pat proteins or containing conventional soybean at doses of 30.0%, 15.0%, 7.5%, or 0% (control group) for 90 consecutive days. The general behavior, body weight and food consumption were observed. At the middle and end of the experiment, blood, serum, and urine samples were collected for biochemical assays. At the conclusion of the study, the internal organs were weighed and histopathological examination was completed. The rats exhibited free movement and shiny coats without any abnormal symptoms or abnormal secretions in their noses, eyes, or mouths. There were no adverse effects on body weight in GM soybean groups and conventional soybean groups. No biological differences in hematological, biochemical, or urine indices were observed. No significant differences in relative organ weights were detected between the experimental groups and the control group. No histopathological changes were observed. Under the conditions of this study, DAS-81419-2 soybean did not cause any treatment-related effects in Wistar rats following 90 days of dietary administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of nanomaterials in the field of (bio)sensors has allowed developing strategies with improved analytical performance. In this work, ultrasmall core-shell Fe 3 O 4 @Au magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were used as the platform for the immobilization of event-specific Roundup Ready (RR) soybean and taxon-specific DNA sequences. Firstly, monodisperse Fe 3 O 4 MNPs were synthesized by thermal decomposition and subsequently coated with a gold shell through reduction of Au(III) precursor on the surface of the MNPs in the presence of an organic capping agent. This nanosupport exhibited high colloidal stability, average particle size of 10.2 ± 1.3 nm, and spherical shape. The covalent immobilization of ssDNA probe onto the Au shell of the Fe 3 O 4 @Au MNPs was achieved through a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) created from mixtures of alkane thiols (6-mercapto-1-hexanol and mercaptohexanoic acid). The influence of the thiols ratio on the electrochemical performance of the resulting electrochemical genoassays was studied, and remarkably, the best analytical performance was achieved for a pure mercaptohexanoic acid SAM. Two quantification assays were designed; one targeting an RR sequence and a second targeting a reference soybean gene, both with a sandwich format for hybridization, signaling probes labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), enzymatic amplification and chronoamperometric detection at screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE). The magnetogenoassays exhibited linear ranges from 0.1 to 10.0 nM and from 0.1 to 5.0 nM with similar detection limits of 0.02 nM and 0.05 nM for the event-specific (RR) and the taxon-specific (lectin) targets, respectively. The usefulness of the approach was demonstrated by its application to detect genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in feed and food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ukraine is one of the European and world leaders in soybean cultivation. According to some estimation, 30-90% of the crops area is used currently for cultivation of genetically modified varieties. As modified soybean areas are expanding, the potential nutritional threats related to this product should be thoroughly assessed. The influence of nutrition ration consisting of 20% of the thermo-treated genetically modified soybeans on postnatal development of rats has been investigated over two generations in comparison with nutrition by regular thermo-treated beans. The number of alive and dead newborns, average number of offspring and the survival rate has been calculated as well as general estimation of physical development of the newborn rats was made. The experimental results prove that the reproductive function of rats and the offspring development are not seriously influenced by nutrition with genetically modified soybeans within the first and second generations. No statistically reliable difference was found between the characteristic parameters of the experimental and control groups, which remained within their regular physiological limits. However, some decrease in the suckling age rats' number was registered in the experimental group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studied of macro- and microstructure of kidney, liver and spleen of female and male rats did not show significant deviations from such structures of the control group. It has been found that structure of spleen follicles of female and male control groups of rat is better expressed comparing to those whose diet included soybean. The animals whose diet included both conventional and transgenic soybean were found to have a slight increase of Bowman’s capsule in kidney tissues enabled by glomerulus reduction that is apparently due to the effect of both soybean varieties of biologically active components on water-salt metabolism in animals. Considering that the internal structure was preserved and conformed with the norms for animals of given species and age in both control and experimental female and male rat groups, a conclusion on the absence of significant negative or positive effect of GM soybean components on the histological structure of liver, spleen and kidneys can be proposed.

In Mexico as well as in other Latin American countries, prior consultation has become, in the last two decades, a mechanism of citizen participation that aims to allow the incidence of historically marginalized indigenous groups to make decisions about their own socioeconomic development. In this article we analyze the (in)communication networks deployed during the process of consulting Maya communities in a municipality of Campeche on the genetically modified soybean that is being carried out (2017) by a Mexican government agency responsible for biosecurity. Our analysis will focus on the communication possibilities that the members of these communities establish with each other and with other actors, among them the activists of civil society organizations and officials of different government agencies, as well as the misunderstandings that arise in this process. We are particularly interested in describing the language games that lead to misunderstandings in order to highlight the historical relations of power and inequality that largely determine the outcome and results of prior consultation in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using genetically modified (GM) soybean as a food substrate during the Drosophila breeding, as well as the addition of GM soybean in the standard mouse feed, revealed no mutagenic effect according to the criteria of recessive sex-linked lethal mutations (RSLLMs) and morphoses in Drosophila and anomalous sperm in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of genetically modified (GM) ingredients in various types of food products has increased worldwide. In this study, qualitative real-time PCR assays targeting five GM soybean events (RRS, MON89788, A2704-12, A5547-127, and MON87701) were performed to monitor their use in sausage samples. Thirty sausage samples containing soybean ingredients on their label were collected from Korean food markets and analyzed. The endogenous lectin gene of soybean was used as an internal positive control. Real-time PCR showed that the threshold cycle (Ct) values ranged from 28.62 to 33.90 for the 30 sausage samples. Of the 30 sausage samples, 19 samples were negative for the presence of GM soybeans. In the positive samples, the results revealed three GM soybean events [Roundup Ready Soybean (RRS), A2704-12, and/or MON89788] in 11 of the 30 food samples tested. These results demonstrate that sausage products contain different GM soybean events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Numerous animal feeding studies have investigated the presence of DNA from transgenic plants in tissues from different animal species, but the data reported are sometimes controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of transgenic DNA (tDNA) in the digesta and tissues of a meat rabbit breed fed genetically modified (GM) soybean meal. Fifteen male New Zealand White rabbits were used for the experimental trial. Ten rabbits (treated group [TG]) were fed a mixed feed containing 10% GM soybean meal and 5 rabbits (control group [CG]) received a mixed feed containing conventional soybean meal, both from weaning (28 d of age) to slaughter (80 ± 3 d). Samples of blood, liver, kidney, heart, stomach, intestine (jejunum), lateral quadricep muscle, longissimus muscle, and perirenal adipose tissue were collected to assess the possible DNA transfer from GM feed to animal tissues. Samples of stomach contents and feces were also taken to study the degradability of ingested tDNA from feed in the digestive tract of rabbit. Moreover, samples of hair were collected to determine the possible environmental contamination from feed powders present on the farm. The DNA extraction was performed using specific genomic DNA kits. All samples were monitored, by using real-time PCR, for oligonucleotide primers and probes specific for the transgenic Roundup Ready soybean 40-3-2 and for the endogenous lectin (LE1) gene. As an internal control of rabbit tissues, the presence of the β-actin (ACTB) gene was used. In this study, no fragments of tDNA were detectable in tissue DNA samples of rabbits except in the extracted DNA from stomach digesta, feces, and hair of rabbits fed with GM soybean. Similar results were found for the reference LE1 gene, whereas the presence of the ACTB gene was detected in all rabbit tissues. The lack of tDNA of soybean in rabbit tissues represents an important result, which demonstrates that meat from rabbits fed a diet containing GM feed is as that derived from rabbits fed conventional crops. The recombinant DNA recovered in the stomach digesta and in feces indicates an incomplete digestion of the soybean DNA in the gastrointestinal tract of the rabbit, whereas the presence of trace soybean transgene in the hair of the TG rabbits is suggestive of an environmental contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]