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The experiment was conducted during kharif season ( June-October, 2022) at Rice Research Station, Kaul, CCSHAU, Hisar using 48 rice genotypes to evaluate the genetic variability and character association under aerobic conditions. Analysis of variance revealed that the mean sum of squares was highly significant for all the traits examined. The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation exceeded the genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits analysed in the study. High genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation were observed for root dry weight plant-1 followed by number of grains panicle-1, grain yield plant-1, biological yield plant-1, number of effective tillers plant-1 and flag leaf length. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for grain yield plant-1, number of grains panicle-1, biological yield plant-1, root fresh weight plant-1 and root dry weight plant-1 indicating the presence of additive gene action. Grain yield plant-1 showed a highly significant and positive association with biological yield plant-1, harvest index percentage, root fresh weight plant-1, number of effective tillers plant-1 and 1000 seed weight. Path analysis revealed that biological yield plant-1 and harvest index percentage showed highest positive direct effect on grain yield plant-1. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed that biological yield plant-1, harvest index percentage, numbers effective of tillers plant-1, number of grains panicle-1, plant height and head rice recovery % as important traits contributing to grain yield plant-1. Therefore, phenotypic selection could be a viable approach for genetically improving these traits to obtain promising genotypes for future rice breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trait heritability and the response to selection depend on genetic variation, a prerequisite to developing sorghum varieties with desirable agronomic traits and high carbon sequestration for sustainable crop production and soil health. The present study aimed to assess the extent of genetic variability and associations among agronomic and carbon storage traits in selected sorghum genotypes to identify the best candidates for production or breeding. Fifty genotypes were evaluated at Ukulinga, Bethlehem and Silverton sites in South Africa during the 2022/23 growing season. The following agronomic and carbon storage traits were collected: days to 50% heading (DTH), days to 50% maturity (DTM), plant height (PH), total plant biomass (PB), shoot biomass (SB), root biomass (RB), root-to-shoot biomass ratio (RS), grain yield (GY), harvest index (HI), shoot carbon content (SCc), root carbon content (RCc), grain carbon content (GCc), total plant carbon stock (PCs), shoot carbon stock (SCs), root carbon stock (RCs), and root-to-shoot carbon stock ratio (RCs/SCs), and grain carbon stock (GCs). Higher genotypic coefficient of variations (GCVs) were recorded for GY at 45.92%, RB (39.24%), RCs/SCs (38.45), and RCs (34.62). Higher phenotypic coefficient of variations (PCVs) were recorded for PH (68.91%), followed by GY (51.8%), RB (50.51%), RS (41.96%), RCs/SCs (44.90%), and GCs (41.90%). High broad-sense heritability and genetic advance were recorded for HI (83.76 and 24.53%), GY (78.59 and 9.98%), PB (74.14 and 13.18%) and PCs (53.63 and 37.57%), respectively, suggesting a marked genetic contribution to the traits. Grain yield exhibited positive association with HI (r = 0.76; r = 0.79), DTH (r = 0.13; r = 0.31), PH (r = 0.1; r = 0.27), PB (r = 0.01; r = 0.02), RB (r = 0.05; r = 0.06) based on genotypic and phenotypic correlations, respectively. Further, the path analysis revealed significant positive direct effects of SB (0.607) and RB (0.456) on GY. The RS exerted a positive and significant indirect effect (0.229) on grain yield through SB. The study revealed that PB, SB, RB, RS, RCs, and RCs/SCs are the principal traits when selecting sorghum genotypes with high yield and carbon storage capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation entitled "Characters Study of Selection Criteria and Genetic Variability in Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Genotype for Green Fodder Yield and Its Contributed Traits" were conducted at Crop Research Center, Modipuram, SVPUA and T, Meerut 250110 (UP) during kharif season 2019-20. Genetic variability studies were carried out for 33 sorghum genotypes during the years 2019-20. The analysis of variance revealed that there was significant amount of variation for all the ten characters. Days to 50% flowering, plant height, leaf length, leaf breadth, leaf area, stem girth, leaves per plant, leaf stem ratio, total soluble solids and green fodder yield per plant was shown to have been recognized as having high heritability value. High estimate of (phenotypic coefficient of variance and genotypic coefficient of variance) PCV and GCV were observed for plant height, leaf area and green fodder yield per plant. The genetic divergence by Tocher's method for seed yield and it's component traits in sorghum genotypes. On the basis of genetic divergence under study, it is suggested that the crosses between cluster IV and cluster III, cluster II and cluster V be used for an effective in hybridization breeding program. The percent contribution of ten characters towards total genetic divergence showed that green fodder yield per plant maximum contribution to divergence followed by leaf area, leaves per plant, plant height and leaf breadth and lower contribution was made by leaf length towards the divergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Trait heritability and the response to selection depend on genetic variation, a prerequisite to developing sorghum varieties with desirable agronomic traits and high carbon sequestration for sustainable crop production and soil health. The present study aimed to assess the extent of genetic variability and associations among agronomic and carbon storage traits in selected sorghum genotypes to identify the best candidates for production or breeding. Fifty genotypes were evaluated at Ukulinga, Bethlehem and Silverton sites in South Africa during the 2022/23 growing season. The following agronomic and carbon storage traits were collected: days to 50% heading (DTH), days to 50% maturity (DTM), plant height (PH), total plant biomass (PB), shoot biomass (SB), root biomass (RB), root-to-shoot biomass ratio (RS), grain yield (GY), harvest index (HI), shoot carbon content (SCc), root carbon content (RCc), grain carbon content (GCc), total plant carbon stock (PCs), shoot carbon stock (SCs), root carbon stock (RCs), and root-to-shoot carbon stock ratio (RCs/SCs), and grain carbon stock (GCs). Higher genotypic coefficient of variations (GCVs) were recorded for GY at 45.92%, RB (39.24%), RCs/SCs (38.45), and RCs (34.62). Higher phenotypic coefficient of variations (PCVs) were recorded for PH (68.91%), followed by GY (51.8%), RB (50.51%), RS (41.96%), RCs/SCs (44.90%), and GCs (41.90%). High broad-sense heritability and genetic advance were recorded for HI (83.76 and 24.53%), GY (78.59 and 9.98%), PB (74.14 and 13.18%) and PCs (53.63 and 37.57%), respectively, suggesting a marked genetic contribution to the traits. Grain yield exhibited positive association with HI (r = 0.76; r = 0.79), DTH (r = 0.13; r = 0.31), PH (r = 0.1; r = 0.27), PB (r = 0.01; r = 0.02), RB (r = 0.05; r = 0.06) based on genotypic and phenotypic correlations, respectively. Further, the path analysis revealed significant positive direct effects of SB (0.607) and RB (0.456) on GY. The RS exerted a positive and significant indirect effect (0.229) on grain yield through SB. The study revealed that PB, SB, RB, RS, RCs, and RCs/SCs are the principal traits when selecting sorghum genotypes with high yield and carbon storage capacity.

Diversity information mining about a crop for different attributes is an essential step for effective breeding programs. The present investigation evaluates the quantum of genetic variability and determines the relationship among the important agro-economic traits based on two years of phenotypic data of 210 accessions of linseed. The traits, capsule weight per plant, capsule per plant, husk weight per plant, and seed weight per plant exhibited comparatively higher genetic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV). In contrast, oil content and seed per capsule exhibited a lower value. The high magnitude of broad sense heritability was observed for all traits except seeds per capsule and husk weight per plant. The trait, capsules per plant, plant height, and days to 50% flowering showed high genetic advance coupled with high heritability. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped 210 accessions into six distinct clusters. Out of 210, 144 (68.57%) accessions were grouped into three clusters (I, II, and III), in which cluster-III was the largest, containing 64 accessions followed by cluster II and cluster-I. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters-I and V (127.85), while the lowest was between clusters-II and IV (27.09). The positive correlation of capsule weight per plant with the seed weight per plant and a negative correlation with the days to 50% flowering indicates that high yielding linseed varieties with early flowering/maturity could be developed through direct and indirect selection. Further, seed yield and oil content could be enhanced together as indicated by ghe positive association among these two important traits. In this study, high yielding accessions with moderate to high oil content such as GP36, GP31, GP14, GP54, GP26, GP24, GP34, GP21, GP37 and GP27 and early flowering (less than 70 days) accessions such as GP2, GP26, GP27, CG33, CG44, CG42, CG132, and CG31 identified as potential genetic materials that could be exploited for developing early maturing varieties with high yield. In addition, information’s on various genetic parameters will help breeders to devise suitable breeding methodology for linseed genetic improvement for targeted traits.

Identification of date palm cultivars is primarily based on fruit characteristics while the morphological characteristics of the trees have less importance. Exploring genotypic variability in date palm cultivars is indispensable for enhancing sustainable utilization, dynamic conservation, and the development of new germplasm. Accordingly, 16 diverse date palm cultivars from different sites in Saudi Arabia were evaluated for various fruit characteristics in the present study. The assessed date palm cultivars exhibited highly significant differences in all studied fruit characteristics. The highest fruit length was displayed by Um-Kbar, Wannana, Medjool, and Sefri cultivars, while the largest width of fruits was assigned to Rushodia, Um-Kbar, and Wannana. Fruit weight and volume were significantly higher in Um-Kbar, and Medjool than those in other cultivars. On the other hand, the Medjool, Hilali, Thawee, and Sefri cultivars recorded the highest soluble solid content. Um-Kbar, Khesab, and Hilali recorded the highest acidity percentage (more than 0.60%). The phenotypic variance (PV) values of all studied characteristics were higher than the genotypic variances (GV). Additionally, the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was larger than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). The highest PCV and GCV values were observed for the length of basal appendages, whereas the lowest values were assigned for fruit length. All studied characteristics displayed high heritability (h2b), varying from 99.61 (of fruit volume) to 84.49 (of seed length). Expected genetic advance (GA) values ranged from high for fruit weight to low for seed width. The results of the principal component analysis revealed that most of the variation was explained by the two components. Accordingly, they were employed to construct PC biplot to present the association between evaluated cultivars and studied fruit characteristics. The studied cultivars were clustered based on fruit characteristics into six groups ranging from high to low performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is an important underutilized fruit crop. There is currently limited information available on the genetic background of longans, which is a key bottleneck in longan improvement. Studies on the extent of genetic variability and genetic divergence are crucial and it can provide relevant information which can be very useful for crop improvement programmes. In the present study, a total of 54 qualitative and quantitative traits were investigated of 20 different longan genotypes to determine the morphological and physiochemical traits that. Results revealed that the significant variability existed in the studied traits except few. Among the qualitative traits petiole colour, leaflet curvature, young leaf colour, mature leaf colour, branching density, leaflet midrib colour, abundance of flower, trunk surface, fruit maturity group, and tree vigour were showed more than the average value of Shannon's diversity index. Higher PCV and GCV recorded for several traits viz., tree volume followed by aril weight, number of fruits per branch, aril/seed weight ratio, trunk girth, TSS acid ratio, aril thickness, number of days from panicle initiation to flowering, titratable acidity, width of inflorescence, length of inflorescence, petiole length, fruit weight, plant height, crown diameter and rachis length. High heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advance as % of mean were recorded for the traits viz., plant height, trunk girth, crown diameter, tree volume, rachis and petiole length, number of days from panicle initiation to flowering, length and width of inflorescence, number of fruits per bunch, fruit, aril and seed weight, aril thickness, fruit colour-a, titratable acidity and TSS acid ratio which is indicative of additive gene action and selection based on these traits would be more reliable. According to the Mahalanobis D2 statistic, twenty diverse genotypes were grouped into eight groups. The presence of genetic divergence was also tested in cluster means by the significant amount of variability for various variables. Therefore, this study's findings imply that these genotypes have variability in terms of fruit quality traits, yield and traits that contribute to yield, and other agronomic traits that could be useful in future crop improvement initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performance on seed yield and yield attributing traits of 41 advance breeding lines were used to estimate parameters of genetic variability, association analysis and diversity analysis between seed yield and its contributing traits. Traits such as biological yield per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, stem thickness, height of first fruiting node, number of effective pods per plant, total number of pods per plant, harvest index and primary branches per plant revealed high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean. High magnitude of positive direct effect and significantly positive correlations on seed yield per plant was found with number of effective pods per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index and number of secondary branches per plant. Clustering analysis based on various morphological traits assorted 41 desi chickpea genotypes into four clusters. Traits like biological yield, plant height and 100 seed weight contributed most towards the genetic divergence. Genotypes ICCV211103, ICCV211106, ICCV211108, ICCV211111, ICCV211116, RVG 204, JG 24, JG 12, JG 16, Virat and Vishal recorded maximum positive principal component scores for the traits viz., plant height, total number of pods per plant, number of effective pods per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, stem thickness, biological yield per plant, harvest index, seed yield per plant, 100 seed weight and stem height at first fruiting node, therefore these genotypes will as promising donor lines for chickpea yield improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] (2n=2x=14) is an under exploited legume belonging to the family Fabaceae. Clusterbean is a versatile legume crop cultivated mostly as vegetable, for the extraction of guar gum, animal feed cover crop. Clusterbean is a drought tolerant, hardy, deep rooted annual legume. To assess the nature and magnitude for genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for seed yield and component characters that are useful for an effective selection programme, the present study was under taken. Methods: A set of 40 clusterbean genotypes were evaluated during Kharif 2019 in in randomized complete block design with four replications at Agronomy Instructional Farm, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India. Result: The highest estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for the number of branches per plant followed by seed yield per plant, days to flowering and number of clusters per plant indicating the presence of wide genetic variability for these characters. High estimates of heritability coupled with high genetic advance were observed for number of branches per plant, seed yield per plant and days to flowering indicating the presence of additive genes and less environmental influence on the characters and existence of sufficient heritable variation and wider scope for effective selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Objective: Lentil (Lens Culinaris Medik.) belongs to cool season pulses. It is annual, self pollinated and diploid crop and its seed is rich in protein. Lentil, such as other legumes that are in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria plays an important role in reducing fertilizer consumption and increasing the productivity of other crops that are in rotation with lentil. Success in breeding programs depends on genetic diversity, heritability and selection. Investigating the genetic diversity is the basis of breeding and releasing high-yielding cultivars with high quantitative and qualitative characteristics and capacities. Therefore, the evaluation of genetic diversity in crops is essential for breeding programs and the protection of genetic resources. For this purpose, it is necessary to collect plant germplasm to be evaluated as a base population, and genotypes with yield potential and other desirable traits are identified and exploited. Due to the low yield potential of the exsistance cultivars, investigating the genetic diversity among native lentil lines and comparing them with control cultivars could assiste the breeder in selecting superior lines in terms of yield potential and agromorphological triats. Material and Methods: To select and introduce new cultivars, native lentil lines collected from the target areas in Zanjan province were evaluated in the two cropping years of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 in the experimental farm of Zanjan University's Faculty of Agriculture. In both years of the experiment, improved cultivars such as Kimia, Sabz Koohin, Gachsaran, Maragheh and Bilehsavar were used as control cultivars. The first year, the experiment was conducted in the augmented design based on randomized complete bloke design with 200 lines. Each experimental unit consisted of one metere row. The distance between the rows was 25 cm, the distance on the rows was 5 cm, and the planting depth was 5 cm. At the beginning and end of each block, two rows of Sabz Koohin were planted as borders. The second year, Due to echeaving enough seeds from the first year, the experiment was carried out in square lattice design with tow replications and larger experimental units for the selected lines from the first year. Each experimental unit consisted of two one-meter rows. The distance between the rows, the distance on the rows and the planting depth were similar to the first year experiment. At the beginning and end of each incomplete blocks, two rows of Sabz Koohin were planted as borders. Results: In the first year, the results of analysis of variance showed that there is significant difference among lentil lines in terms of canopy temperature difference, podding period, number of seed per plant, seed yield per plant, harvest index per plant, number of seed per area, seed yield per area and 1000-seed weight at 0.01and 0.05 level. in this year, canopy temperature difference, podding period, first branch height, number of pod per plant, number of vacant pod per plant, number of seed per plant, seed yield per plant, harvest index per plant, number of seed per area, seed yield per area and 1000-seed weight had high value of genetic variation coefficient, heritability and genetic advance. lines 14, 68 and 165 were the superior lines in terms of phonological traits. The height of the plant and the height of the first pod in lines 85, 92, 193 and 195 were higher than other lines. Lines 32, 90 and 156 had the highest number of full pods. Lines 122, 163, 165 and 200 had the highest seed yield per plant. The 1000-seed weight in lines 163, 166, 171 and 174 was higher in compared with other lines. The highest seed yield was observed in lines 23, 150, 192 and 200. Finaly, based on the results of comparison of mean with superior control cultivar for each trait by LSD method and considering the degree of importance of traits, the 95 superior lentil lines from 200 examined lines were selected. In the second year, the results of analysis of variance indicated a significant variation among lentil lines in terms of all studied traits except for the first branch height at 0.01 and 0.05 levels. The canopy temperature difference, number of vacant pods per plant and number of seed per plant had high value of genetic variation coefficient. High heritability was observed in the days to 50% flowering, flowering period, days to 50% podding, days to 50% physiological maturity, seed filling period and straw yield per plant. The canopy temperature difference, flowering period, first pod height, number of vacant pod per plant, seed yield per plant, biomass per plant and straw yield per plant had high genetic advance. lines 150, 155, 173 and 176 were the superior lines in terms of phonological traits. The highest plant height and the highest height of the first pod was observed in lines 146 and 180 and lines 12, 47 and 130 respectively. Lines 1, 131 and 176 had the highest number of full pods. In terms of yield and yield components per plant, lines 1, 131 and 176 had the highest number of seeds and seed yield. The 1000-seed weight in lines 23, 52, 163 and 178 was higher in compared with other lines. In terms of yield and yield components, lines 55, 69, 86, and 176 were recognized as the superior lines. Finally, based on the results of comparison of mean lines with superior control cultivar for each trait by LSD method and considering the degree of importance of traits, the 44 superior lentil lines from 100 examined lines were selected. Conclusion: The evaluated lines were significantly different from each other in terms of most traits. High heritability was observed in the days to 50% flowering, flowering period, days to 50% podding, days to 50% physiological maturatry, seed filling period and straw yield per plant. Comparing to the control cultivars, the evaluated lines had a higher mean in most of the studied traits. Therefor by selecting superior lines in terms of yield potential and agromorphological traits this genetic potential can be used to create superior population and introduce high yield cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oat, as a dual-purpose cereal, has an important role to provide human food and animal feed and fodder regarding to its high amounts of beta-glucan, protein, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids and valuable antioxidants. Oat breeding programs have been steadily decreasing compared to other cereals due to decrease in cultivated area. Therefore, identifying and studying sources of diversity in oats is critical and valuable regarding to release new cultivars with better quality and higher grain yield per unit area. Thus, this experiment was carried out with the aim of evaluating different genetic parameters and principal component analysis in order to determine the amount of genetic diversity in oat genotypes. Materials and methods: In this study, 361 oat genotypes of seven species belong to 50 countries from five continents which were received from Australian Grain Genebank (AGG) and kept in the genebank of the Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University were investigated. Estimation of the genetic parameters related to plant height, panicle length, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% physiological maturity, biological yield, grain yield, straw yield, harvest index, thousand seed weight, number of seeds per panicle and number of panicle per square meter of the genotypes were performed. This experiment was conducted in a simple square lattice design with two replications under normal irrigation condition, in two cropping years 2017-2019 in the research farm of the Agriculture and Natural Resources Campus, Razi University, Kermanshah. Results: Based on the results of the one-year variance analysis, there was a highly significant difference between genotypes regarding all the measured traits which indicates the presence of considerable genetic diversity between these genotypes. The results of mean comparison based on LSD method showed (NILE), (KENT), (LA PREVISION), (ZLATAK), SDO-185), OX87:080-2), (ACACIA), AND (DUNNART) genotypes had the highest grain yield for two years, while, Genotypes (LIGOWA), (NILE), (VENTURA), (YULAF), (NMO-712), (SDO-185), (VDO-931.1), (SLAVUGE), and (no.9278) had the highest mean for biomass in two cropping years. The results of the descriptive statistics showed the wide range of changes for the most of the investigated traits, as it was variable for grain yield from 56.30 to 789.81 g/m2 in the first year and from 39.59 to 627.28 g/m2 in the second year. Based on the results of correlation analysis, the most positive and significant phenotypic correlation was calculated between biological yield and straw yield in both years. The result of phenotypic and genotypic correlation also, showed a significant relationship between grain yield and all studied traits except plant height, panicle length, days to heading, and days to maturity in the first year. Also, it had a significant phenotypic correlation with all traits except plant height and straw yield in the second year. The traits of 1000-kernel weight, plant height, days to heading, and number of panicles per square meter had the highest genetic variance in both years. The range of general heritability in the first year was variable from 70.06 to 95.87%, respectively, for the traits of days to physiological maturity and 1000 seed weight, and in the second year, from 77.85 to 94.91% for biological yield and 1000 seed weight. Grain yield, biological yield, straw yield, number of panicles per square meter, and number of grains per panicle had a high percentage of heritability and genetic advance simultaneously. Based on the principal component analysis the first two main components explained 63.3 and 67.8 percent of the total changes in each year, respectively. Conclusion: The results of variance analysis of the data obtained from this study indicated the existence of significant genetic diversity among the evaluated genotypes in terms of all measured traits, which can be attributed to the existence of different species with different geographical origins. Comparing the average data, genotypes 336, 349, 356 and 360 were introduced as the genotypes with the highest average grain yield in both years. Based on the results of Principal Component Analysis and Correlations Analysis, it can be found that the attributes of the number of panicles per square meter, the number of grains per panicle, 1000-kernel weight, and biological performance are very effective in breeding programs to achieve superior varieties. The genotypes NILE, LA PREVISION, OX87:080-2 and DUNNART were the superior genotypes in terms of the mentioned traits and grain yield. The estimation of genetic parameters showed that the selection based on the number of panicles per plot, the number of grains per panicle, and plant height plays a significant role in improving grain yield because of having a high broad heritability and significant genetic advance at the same time. According to the results of this study, it is possible to separate the superior genotypes in terms of grain yield and biological yield, and perform subsequent tests for grain and fodder genotypes, separately. Also, valuable traits for easier access to this important issue in subsequent oat improvement programs could be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation of nine exotic cabbage varieties and a local variety commenced at the Research Field of the Department of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University (NSTU), Bangladesh, following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. This study aimed to identify the most suitable exotic varieties based on morphophysiological and biochemical traits compared with a check variety. Significant variations (P < 0.01) for all the characteristics, except chlorophyll content, emerged from the study. A highly significant positive association (r ≥ 0.75) was evident for the head diameter of cabbage varieties with head width, stump thickness, core length, and weight with folded and unfolded leaves. On cluster analysis, varieties V2, V3, and V10 were in the same clusters. About the PCA, PC1 accounted for 50.29% of the total variation. However, the maximum plant diameter (65 cm) occurred in V10, and the widest leaf petiole length (8.13 cm) was visible in V3. Yet, the highest head length (13.16 cm), head diameter (19.51 cm), head width (18.33 cm), weight with unfolded leaves (2.00 kg), and weight with folded leaves (1.44 kg) appeared in V10, which are very close to V2 and V3. Also, genetic parameters estimation and heatmap analysis revealed high genetic advance and positive variation, respectively, regarding head diameter, head width, and weight with folded and unfolded leaves. Finally, V2 and V3 varieties could better serve for further genetic improvement for cabbage growers and plant breeders in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Wheat is a cereal crop that is widely farmed across the world and ranks first in global crop production. Wheat cultivation is the world's most important food crop. The assessment of genetic divergence existing in the germplasm collections is very important to select genetically divergent parents for hybridization in a transgressive breeding programme for development of high yielding wheat varieties coupled with quality, multiple resistance and wider adaptability. Methods: The experiment on 21genotypes including two checks viz., HD 2967 and PBW 824 was conducted to work out the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and divergence analysis for yield and yield contributing traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was laid out in randomised block design (RBD) during Rabi, 2021-2022 at Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab. Result: The analysis of variance revealed mean sum of square due to genotypes were significant for all the characters indicating sufficient genetic variability among the genotypes. The magnitude of PCV and GCV were moderate for grain yield per plant and harvesting index, which suggests greater phenotypic and genotypic variance among the genotypes and responsiveness of the attributes for making further improvement by selection and indicating limited scope for improvement. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance observed for harvest-index thus these characters show additive gene action in their expression. In divergence analysis, maximum intra-cluster distance exhibited by cluster 2 followed by cluster 1among the different genotypes. The maximum inter-cluster distance between cluster 2 and 3 followed by cluster 2 and 7 and the minimum inter cluster distance was recorded between cluster 5 and 6 followed by cluster 1 and 3. It indicated that for crop improvement in wheat diversified genotypes may be selected from cluster 2 and cluster 3 to received maximum transgressive recombinants from segregating generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, published in the journal "Environment & Ecology," presents a study on the genetic variability and nutrient content of different genotypes of the amaranthus plant. The research found a wide range of major nutrients in both leaves and grains of the amaranthus genotypes, with high heritability observed for all traits. The study suggests that amaranthus has the potential to be a valuable source of nutrition due to its genetic variability and nutrient content. The document provides detailed data on the quality parameters of different amaranthus genotypes, including information on leaf fiber, iron, moisture, oxalates, vitamin C, stem fiber, and color. The authors highlight the nutritional potential of amaranthus as a source of essential nutrients in the human diet and reference other studies that support these findings. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Assessment of Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)" presents research on 15 genotypes of groundnut to evaluate variability, heritability, and genetic advance. The study found significant genotypic variation for all traits considered. Quantitative features like number of pods and kernels per plant, days to bloom initiation, and kernel yield per plant showed high heritability, indicating that the variation was due to additive gene action. The research provides valuable information on the genetic diversity and potential for improvement in groundnut populations. [Extracted from the article]

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A field experiment was conducted in the field laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur during the period from October 2018 to April 2019. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The objective of the study was to determine the genetic variability and correlation for yield and yield related traits of the chilli genotypes. Seeds of 28 chilli genotypes were collected from different sources and were raised in polybags and then transplanted to raised bed. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on yield and yield related traits were recorded at the respective stage of the crop. Among the studied genotypes, the fruit length (FRLN) varied 1 cm to 16.3 cm with an average length of 6.5 cm. The lowest fruit diameter (FRDM) was 3.3 mm and the highest was 15.1 mm. The fruit yield ranged between 0.018 kg/plant and 1.044 kg/plant. The lowest fruit weight was recorded 0.3 g, while the largest fruit weight was 6.3 g. The highest significant genotypic and phenotypic variance was found in number of fruits/plant and GCV and PCV were found highest in fruit yield/plant. A fair amount of heritability with high genetic advance was found in number of fruits/plant which indicates that the heritability is due to additive gene effects and the selection might be very effective in chilli breeding. Among the agronomic parameters, fruit yield/plant was significantly correlated with individual fruit weight and the amount of seeds/plant. It was also found that the height of chilli plant positively influenced the amount of fruits/plant. However, plant height negatively affected fruit diameter and number of fruits per plant. The results of the present study suggests that there is a great genetic potential in the studied genotypes. [Fundam Appl Agric 2024; 9(1.000): 44-50]

AbstractGrass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a popular legume in Ethiopia that serves as a protein source to replace chickpeas and field peas. It is a great way to address nutrition and food security in the growing population. However, one of the major issues is that it produces Oxalyl diaminopropionic acid (ODAP), which causes neurological disorders in humans and animals. The study aimed to measure the ODAP, heritability, and genetic advance of quantitative traits in northwest Ethiopian grass pea accessions. The field experiment was carried out during the 2019 rainy season, utilizing a 5x5 lattice design to assess the ODAP and non-yield quantitative traits of grass pea accessions at Ebonyi State University, Nigeria. This study showed a highly significant difference between accessions for all traits except petiole length. This finding discovered high heritability, genetic advance, genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation for ODAP, branch bearing length, number of secondary branches, days to flowering, plant height, and primary branch length. The average ODAP value was 0.44 percent, with values ranging from 0.17 to 0.90 percent. Only two of the 25 accessions 26627 and 238945 displayed safe ODAP values of

AbstractEthiopia is rich in durum wheat diversity; however, national average productivity of durum wheat is low due to lack of strong national research program, and these calls for development of improved new varieties. Knowledge on extent of genetic variability and identification of important characters are a prerequisite for the development yielder and quality variety. Therefore, the present study was carried out to assess the extent of genetic variability and character association among yield and yield related traits in selected Ethiopian durum wheat landraces. Forty nine durum wheat accessions were studied for 20 traits at Sinana and Selka locations by using 7 × 7 simple lattice design in 2018/19. Combined analysis of variance revealed significant differences among accessions for all traits, indicating the presence of considerable variability among genotypes. A significant accession by locations interaction effect was observed which indicates differential performance of genotypes over environments. Protein content varied from 10.7%–16.7% with the overall mean of 13.5%. Also phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) ranged from 2.93 for hectoliter weight (HLW) to 27.08 for productive tillers (PTL) while, genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV) ranged from 0 for wet gluten (WGL) to 16.43 for vitreous (VTR). Low to high heritability was observed for the studied traits. Similarly, genetic advance as percent of mean varied from −0.20–31.24. High broad sense heritability and high genetic advance were obtained for grain yield (GY) (86.57 and 31.24) and vitreous (VTR) (75.76 and 29.39), respectively, indicating traits could be improved easily through selection. Overall, the present study revealed that there is sufficient variability existed in Ethiopian durum wheat landraces.

Background: Chickpea is a second most important pulse crop grown in 56 countries and India rank first in production which shares 61.4% of the total world chickpea production however, productivity is very low as compared to other countries. Therefore, varietal development with inherent tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress is the prime objective to improve component productivity traits to get better yield in rainfed agro-climatic conditions. Methods: Ninety germplasm accessions of chickpea along with four check viz., JG 14, JG 16, JAKI 9218 and Radhey were evaluated in augmented block design at experimental research farm of Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, India. Phenotypic data were subjected to study the genetic parameters and association analysis of yield and its component traits using SPAR 2.0 Package and Windostat Version 9.2. Result: The significant variation was observed for all the traits except number of secondary branches, number of pod per plant, number of seeds per pod among the genotypes. The maximum GCV and PCV was observed for height of first pod (35.28 and 39.29), followed by seed yield per plant (29.77 and 40.32) and number of primary branches (25.63 and 31.44). The high magnitude of heritability with genetic advance was estimated for seed index (96.61%), while the high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for first pod height (65.27%). The positive and significant association of seed yield with number of pods per plant, seed index, number of seeds per pod, number of secondary branches, number of primary branches and height of first pod indicating the importance of these traits in selection criteria. Path analysis identified that number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plants, seed index and number of secondary branches per plant as highly desirable component for direct effect on seed yield per plant. The genotypes ICVT-181106 had highest selection indices for seed yield followed by ICVT-181107, PUSA-1053, JG-218, GNG-1999, ICVT-181102 and HC-5. Therefore, high GCV and PCV, significant positive direct and indirect correlation and high estimate of selection indices for grain yield can be directly and indirectly used for chickpea breeding program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lentil is one of the most significant pulse crops, frequently referred to as "poor man's meat" because of its high protein content and inexpensive price. The present study was assessed for eleven morphological and yield variables to determine genetic variability, correlation and path co-efficients. Methods: The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design using 56 different homogeneous progenies of a spontaneous mutant of lentil variety DPL 62 and four control varieties in triple replica during rabi 2017-18. Result: Significant amount of variability was observed for all the traits. High phenotypic coefficients of variance and genotypic coefficients of variance coupled with high heritability and genetic advance were observed for peduncle length, number of pods per plant, seed width, seed yield per plant suggesting that these traits are genetically controlled by additive gene action. Seed yield per plant exhibited significant positive association with number of branches/plant and number of pods/plant while number of pods/plant revealed highest positive direct effect on seed yield per plant followed by 100-seed weight, number of branches per plant, days to maturity and leaflet breadth. Therefore, selection for these characters will directly lead to improvement in the yielding ability of lentil genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetraploid wheat species from Ethiopia hold ample genetic variation, which could provide a source for improvement of wheat. A total of 196 Ethiopian tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum spp.) accessions, including 174 landraces and 22 improved cultivars, were evaluated at Sinana and Debrezeit to assess morphological variation, genetic advance, heritability and correlation based on 11 phenotypic traits. Except for spike length, highly significant variation (P < 0.001) among genotypes for all traits was observed. The observed mean and range values of the phenotypic traits revealed high variability in the accessions. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) values were high for grain yield, biomass yield and harvest index. Seed yield showed highly significant (P < 0.001) negative correlation with days to booting and days to maturity and positive correlation with all traits. The estimates of heritability (H2) for grain yield and the number of spikelets per spike respectively ranged from 41.78 to 84.62%. The genetic advance as a percentage of mean was low for the number of seeds per spikelet, days to booting and days to maturity; intermediate for plant height, thousand kernel weight and spike length and high for the number of spikelets per spike, the number of effective tillers per plant, grain yield, biomass yield and harvest index, respectively. The number of spikelets per spike gave a high value of genetic advance and heritability implying high genetic gain from its selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in the vegetable research field, college of agriculture and forestry, horticulture and landscape design, Mosul Univ., using RCBD design with three replicates, during the spring growing season (2018) for evaluation of the performance yield and its components in nine eggplant varieties under Mosul city environment Iraq at 36°2′ longitude and 43°7′ latitude. The data was recorded for the traits: plant height (cm), number of branches in each one of the plants, fruit weight (gm), number of fruits in each one of the plants, yield in each one of the plants (kg), length and diameter of fruit (cm), and total yield of fruits (ton /ha.). The results indicated that the nine varieties were different in most traits, the Alton kubry and karamleshy c.v gave high results in plant length(116.433, 130.00) respectively, the Mosal local c.v. and White beauty c.v were superior in the length of fruit than other genotypes under the study they gave (15.033 and 15.433 cm) respectively, whereas the number of the fruits per plant has been recorded in White long and Mosely c.v. (18.367 and 19.367 ) respectably. The genotype Alton kubry gave a high value in fruit weight (287.20gm). The phenotypic and genotypic variations (σ² p and σ² g) have been higher in the height of the plant, weight of the fruit, the number of fruits in each one of the plants, yield in each plant, and total yield of fruit for each unit area, the heritability (H² b.s.) was more than 65% for most traits under the study for nine c.v of eggplant. Also, the genetic advance was higher in most traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study conducted in India that examined the correlation and genetic variability of different traits in three crosses of okra plants. The researchers found that certain traits, such as the number of fruits per plant and fruit weight, were highly correlated with fruit yield. They also observed high heritability and genetic advance in two of the crosses, indicating the influence of additive gene action. The study suggests that selecting plants based on these traits could lead to improved yield in okra breeding programs. [Extracted from the article]

This article presents a study on the genotype and traits analysis of Gerbera varieties for vegetative traits. The study evaluated ten genotypes of Gerbera to determine genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance for 15 quantitative traits. The results showed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits studied, with high phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation observed for number of leaves per plant and leaf width. The study also conducted path coefficient analysis and cluster analysis to further analyze the traits. The findings provide valuable insights for breeders and researchers in the field of Gerbera cultivation and improvement. [Extracted from the article]

Fifty selected rice genotypes including two checks were evaluated during Kharif, 2022-23 for genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean for 16 yield and its attributing traits along with six nutritional parameters in Ranadevi Post Graduate Research Farm, M. S. Swaminathan school of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management. Analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences among the 50 genotypes studied indicating that substantial variability is present among the genotypes. Total grains panicle-1, filled grains panicle-1, test weight, grain yield plant-1, straw yield plant-1, biological yield plant-1, protein content and mineral contents of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn exhibited high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) suggesting that there is considerable genetic variability among the genotypes studied for the evaluated traits. All 22 traits showed a high heritability (broad sense) coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean except panicle length, spikelet fertility, harvest index and carbohydrate content, which recorded moderate genetic advance as percent of mean, indicating that additive gene action operates for these traits and has potential for improvement through direct selection methods.