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The Net Promoter Score (NPS) is a popular metric for measuring customer loyalty and is claimed by Reichheld to predict a company's growth. However, various academic studies provide controversial results regarding its reliability and prediction powers. This study analyzes how respondents answer the likelihood-to-recommend (LTR) question in different predescribed and validated situations. One thousand participants are presented with situation descriptions that consist of previous and recent experiences with a bank and are asked how they would respond to the LTR question after such an experience. The results indicate that respondents do not always give a high score for good experiences, and a low score for bad experiences. However, with a high number of respondents, the different answering approaches even out, and the NPS results are higher for good than for bad experiences. Additionally, we notice that whereas negative experiences are evaluated as low by all respondents, Generation X and Boomers tend to give lower scores for neutral and positive experiences. Those with lower income and basic education give lower scores for neutral experiences. The recent experience influences the customer's likelihood of recommending more than the previous experiences with the company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation Y and Generation X comprise the majority of the workforce in Kazakhstan. This article attempts to unfold the origins of generational differences in job satisfaction and organizational commitment by focusing on its effect on employees who strongly absorbed the communist ideology and those who ended up in a newly formed country at an early age after collapsing of the USSR. A total of 605 participants from various government agencies were asked to complete a survey in which JSQ and OCQ were used to testify whether generational attributes of employees play a significant part. The results revealed Generation X values security and co-workers the most, whereas Generation Y values independence and supervision. Generation X, on the other hand, is dissatisfied with activity, power, and pay, while Generation Y is dissatisfied with a lack of creativity, variety and achievement. It was hypothesized that extrinsic, intrinsic satisfaction had stronger positive relationships with each commitment component for Generation X than Generation Y employees. Results partially supported the hypotheses. A substantial difference was discovered among the two generations of workers, with extrinsic job satisfaction found to be positively associated with commitment among Generation X and intrinsic job satisfaction strongly encouraging commitment among Generation Y. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alanis Morissette has come to signify a particular kind of ageing Generation X female celebrity since her initial rise to fame almost three decades ago. This project traces her career and maturation in the glare of transnational media that often fail to accept evolutions in her music and identities as she ages. Exploring scholarship on intergenerational feminism, I seek to establish how Morissette is iconic of discourses that situate women within a specific generational context. Though she explores femininity and ageing in her creative works, media coverage of this musician often confines her to established social narratives that prescribe ideal life cycles of women. A tension between celebrity industry manufacturing of consistency and promotion of reinvention exists in even greater discordance with the representation and self-representation of ageing and self-development that celebrities undertake in their creative works and star images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Population aging is becoming one of society’s priority issues. An assumption is that it is beneficial (the benefits for the individual and society are shown in the text) for people currently of working age (representatives of Generation X) to anticipate their old age. In this article, the results of a qualitative study are presented. The aim is to identify the adaptation strategies of representatives of Generation X toward their old age. The theoretical basis was set by reflections on generations, enriched by the metaphor of the “imperceptibly narrowing diamond.” The data collection method was an unstructured interview with a standardized list of information sought, conducted with ten people (with higher education) from Generation X. As a result of the thematic analysis, two adaptation strategies toward old age emerged for the representatives of Generation X: proactive and reactive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intergenerational communication gaps are one of the most significant challenges that modern churches face, especially when dealing with the relationships between Generation Z and Generation X. These two generations often experience difficulties in communicating effectively due to their distinct values, experiences, and communication preferences. Generation Z, born and raised in the digital age, tends to rely heavily on technology and quick, instant forms of communication, while Generation X favors more conventional, face-to-face interactions. Based on the biblical teaching found in 1 Timothy 4:12, which emphasizes the importance of leadership and exemplary behavior among the youth, this study explores the role of the church in bridging these communication gaps. The research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method, focusing on a diverse urban church. Data collection was conducted through indepth interviews, participatory observations, and analysis of church documents related to intergenerational programs. The findings suggest that the church’s role in addressing these communication challenges can be effectively realized through strategic programs such as mentoring initiatives, intergenerational discussion groups, and the reinforcement of biblical values that are relevant to the current communication challenges faced by both generations. Furthermore, the study highlights the crucial role that church leaders play in fostering healthy and inclusive relationships between different generations, appreciating the unique contributions that each generation brings to the church’s life and mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation X often receives less attention in generational analysis due to its perceived lack of distinctiveness compared to preceding and succeeding generations in the contemporary United States. Politically, there is little justification for distinguishing Generation X as it is commonly defined, yet it harbors significant political divergence between its older and younger cohorts. In terms of partisanship, ideology, and public policy preferences, Generation X is markedly divided, essentially comprising two distinct political generations. Generation X can thus be viewed as the in‐between generation representing the political dividing line between young and old. The dividing point is the birth year of 1973. Due to the considerable differences in the political climate during their formative years, those Gen Xers born before 1973 lean considerably more conservative and Republican than those born in 1973 and afterward. Related Articles: Fisher, Patrick. 2020. "Generational Replacement and the Impending Transformation of the American Electorate." Politics & Policy 48(1): 38–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12340. Shaykhutdinov, Renat. 2019. "Socialization, Rationality, and Age: Generational Gaps and the Attitudes toward the Chechen War in Russia." Politics & Policy 47(5): 931–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12323. Stockemer, Daniel. 2016. "Is the Turnout Function in Democracies and Nondemocracies Alike or Different?" Politics & Policy 44(5): 889–915. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12174. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a stream of research that explores how the present generation of workers (i.e., Millennials) may be different from previous generations (e.g., Baby Boomers and Gen Xers). This line of research often considers Millennials as homogeneous and concludes any differences to be "generational effects." However, it is unlikely for a generation, which spans almost 20 years, to be uniformly homogeneous with respect to their work values and attitudes. Findings on generational differences conducted in the United States are also often generalized to other countries, ignoring the potential for national influences. In this regard, we apply a multi-method approach using three samples to demonstrate that there are differences within the Millennial generation that affect work values, preferences for work/life balance, and attraction to employer attributes. Specifically, we focus on the heterogeneity resulting from differences in age, gender, relationship status, and nationality. Our results suggest that Millennials are not as homogeneous as we assumed, and this can limit the effectiveness of managerial policies designed to improve individual and work outcomes for an entire generation of workers. Our study demonstrates that it is important for us to understand how individual, relational, and contextual factors may contribute to the heterogeneity within a generation. JEL CLASSIFICATION M12, M14, M54 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Life insurance enhances households' capacity to absorb financial shocks and protects against personal risks that no one likes to contemplate. This is even more important in times of economic hardship such as now, when many Europe countries and particularly Spain are going through difficult times due to rising inflation, the war in Ukraine, and the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. Although previous studies have analysed the driving forces of life insurance demand, the influence of the individual's financial planning horizon, financial knowledge, and financial self‐control have been underexplored. This study analyses the influence of personal financial attributes on life insurance demand and, in so doing, explores whether the effects of such attitudes differ across different generational cohorts (i.e., the silent generation, baby boomers, Gen Xers, and millennials). The data, taken from the Survey of Financial Competences, comprises 7245 Spanish individuals. Evidence from multivariate analyses reflects the relevance of standard sociodemographic characteristics in explaining individuals' decisions to become life insurance holders. In contrast, evidence does not support a statistically significant relationship in the case of behavioural variables such as financial self‐control and the financial planning horizon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population aging is becoming one of society’s priority issues. An assumption is that it is beneficial (the benefits for the individual and society are shown in the text) for people currently of working age (representatives of Generation X) to anticipate their old age. In this article, the results of a qualitative study are presented. The aim is to identify the adaptation strategies of representatives of Generation X toward their old age. The theoretical basis was set by reflections on generations, enriched by the metaphor of the “imperceptibly narrowing diamond.” The data collection method was an unstructured interview with a standardized list of information sought, conducted with ten people (with higher education) from Generation X. As a result of the thematic analysis, two adaptation strategies toward old age emerged for the representatives of Generation X: proactive and reactive.

This article discusses part of a qualitative study carried out among representatives of four generations (the traditionalist generation, baby boomers, generation X, and generation Y), which reveals intergenerational differences in the way the ageing human body is perceived and the body practices to which it is currently exposed. Using the category of generations and assuming that the human body is a social construct resulting from the process of the socialisation of the biological – a symbolic form reflecting the rules, social hierarchies and cultural obligations binding in a given society and at a given historical moment, the article proposes an answer to the question: how does the moment of life of representatives of different generations, and thus the socio-cultural conditions defining selected generations of Polish men and women, determine the way in which the appearance of the body of contemporary seniors is interpreted? The collected material allows us to perceive generational differences (in the chosen topic), while the literature used helps to interpret the results of the study.

The purpose of this study is to explain the differences in online shopping behaviour of generation X, Y and Z consumers in Denpasar City and Badung Regency Bali as measured by consumer personal aspects such as trust, convenience, comfort, security and marketing strategy aspects consisting of product quality, price promos, features and services. The population in this study is the X, Y and Z generation consumer groups in Denpasar City and Badung Regency who have shopped online. The sample size used was 180 respondents, who were taken using the Purposive Sampling method. The analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis and Anova (Analysis of Variance). The results of this study indicate that there are differences in online shopping behaviour between generations X, Y and Z, especially from the variable ease of use of applications and online shopping service features. This fact is expected to be a study for online shopping site owners in order to design the right strategy to foster online shopping behaviour in the generational groups they serve. The output of this research is an article published in an accredited national journal or international journal with a level 3 Technology Readiness Level (TKT). This TKT is limited to proving the concept of differences in consumer perceptions of generations X, Y and Z towards online shopping behaviour.

This paper argues that (1) the segment of text known as Gen 10 is a collation of three separate works; (2) the works have mutually exclusive ideas about the zones and groups of the world; and (3) the zones and groupings illustrate the insight that has come to the fore of late that group identity—ethnic, national, racial, and so on—is a human, cultural product, not a set of natural, biological traits. Specifically, Semitic identity was not an obvious and long-lived category in ancient Israel and Judea, but distinct to a few particular literary works and contradicted by others. Later cultures responded to the collated text at Gen 9–11 and used its terms and concepts selectively to map their own world, which has had a pernicious, bloody afterlife down to our own times. Therefore, (4) the label “Semitic” should not be used for peoples, places, cultures, religions, and even languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to understand how representatives of different generations (Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y, and Generation Z) view organizational leadership in the context of the challenges posed by Industry 4.0. The authors want to assess whether there are common leadership qualities valued by all generations, despite differences based on generational affiliation. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted using a survey questionnaire aimed at people involved in decision-making processes in Polish companies. The analysis was based on descriptive statistics, which made it possible to assess the responses and compare the results among selected generational groups. Findings: The results indicate different approaches to leadership depending on generational affiliation. All generations agreed that leadership is crucial, but differ in their priorities. Baby Boomers value leader adaptation, Generation X emphasizes values, Generation Y focuses on success, and Generation Z focuses on diverse leadership competencies. Research limitations/implications: The survey is limited to Polish organizations, which may affect the generalizability of the results to other countries. The sample is small, especially for Generation Z, which may limit a fuller understanding of their perspectives. Originality/value: The article provides unique findings on the differences and similarities in leadership perceptions among the four generations. It points to the need for a flexible management approach that takes into account specific generational needs in the era of Industry 4.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intergenerational conflict stands as a significant societal challenge, influencing relationships and comprehension among different age groups. This study delves into the perspectives on intergenerational conflicts as perceived by representatives from the Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y. Employing the ‘Intergenerational Solidarity’ model and adopting a phenomenological approach, the study conducted five focus group sessions involving 19 participants, utilizing a semi-structured interview form. The findings highlight the prominence of intergenerational conflicts, particularly in the realms of consensual and functional solidarity. Notably, Baby Boomers and Generation X exhibit similar viewpoints, while Generation Y presents distinctive opinions. The root of intergenerational conflict revolves around societal values, with a diminishing rate of socialization playing a pivotal role. Proposing that older adult education can foster intergenerational understanding and communication by enhancing socialization, this study suggests a potential avenue for mitigating conflicts among generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore factors associated with productivity in urologic practice. Work-relative value units (wRVUs), the basis for Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and private payer reimbursements, commonly serve to estimate physician productivity. Limited data describes which practice factors predict increased wRVU productivity. The 2017 and 2018 CMS databases were retrospectively queried for urologic Medicare provider demographics and procedural/service details. Medical school graduation year was used to estimate years in practice and generation (Millennial, Gen X, Baby Boomer, or Post-War). Treated patients' demographics were obtained. Adjusted and unadjusted linear mixed models were performed to predict wRVU production. Included were 6773 Medicare-participating urologists across the United States. Millennials produced 1115 wRVUs per year, while Gen X and Baby Boomers produced significantly more (1997 and 2104, respectively, P <.01). Post-War urologists produced numerically more (1287, P =.88). In adjusted analyses, predictors of Medicare wRVU productivity included female and pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (exponentiated beta estimate (β) 1.46, 95% CI 1.32-1.60), men's health (β 1.22, 95% CI 1.13-1.32), and oncologic subspecialization (β 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14), female gender (β 0.87, 95% CI 0.82-0.92), wRVUs generated from inpatient procedures (β 1.08, 95% CI 1.06-1.09) and office visits (β 0.88, 95% CI 0.87-0.89), and the level of education (β 1.10, 95% CI 1.07-1.14) and percent impoverished patients (β 0.85, 95% CI 0.83-0.88) in provider's practice zip code. Urologic experience, specialization, demographics, practice patterns, and patient demographics are significantly associated with wRVU productivity in Medicare settings. Further work should incorporate quality metrics into wRVUs and ensure patient demographics do not affect reimbursement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gumushane Universty Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Communication / Gümüshane Üniversitesi Iletisim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi is the property of Gumushane Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Elektronik Dergisi (e-GIFDER) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explores the relationship between social media usage for investment advice and financial satisfaction across different generations. Ten ordered logit models were estimated using Stata to explore this relationship. Ordered logit analyses using data from the 2021 National Financial Capability Study State-by-State and Investor survey reveal that Generation X and millennials are less financially satisfied than baby boomers. While general social media use shows no statistically significant association, platform-specific analysis finds that Instagram and TikTok users report higher financial satisfaction, whereas YouTube users report lower satisfaction. Notably, millennials who use social media for investment advice are more financially satisfied than their peers. Detailed analyses reveal that Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter positively influence financial satisfaction across Gen Z, millennials, and Gen X, with more platform-specific associations observed for Facebook, LinkedIn, and Reddit among millennials and Gen X, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, financial professionals, and researchers, highlighting the need for targeted strategies to enhance financial well-being through social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper explores the drivers for employee motivation in the IT sector in Poland. Specifically, it focuses on differences in what motivates employees belonging to generations X, Y and Z. Design/methodology/approach: This study, rooted in existing international literature around the topic of employee motivation, draws on 16 semi-structured interviews performed in May and June 2023 with senior managers and human resources representatives working in IT sector in Poland. The data was analysed using MAXQDA software. Findings: The findings of the qualitative section of this study are conformant with previous research from other sectors that the major motivation factors are finance and growth possibilities, when it comes to IT sector in Poland. However, it stresses that for the finance induced motivation boost to last it needs to be combined with growth. Also, generational differences between motivation factors were identified. The findings indicate to managers that motivation factors such as finance should not be treated in separation, but they should be accompanied by an adequate increase in responsibility and that for various generations different forms of employment could facilitate the motivating process. Research limitations/implications: The conclusions were formulated taking into account the sample’s limitations. The qualitative study was limited to the group of 16 respondents who despite having experience from multiple companies, at the time of the interviews worked for the same company: Atos Group. Therefore, this research can encourage further reflection on employee motivation in the IT sector. Originality/value: The systematic literature review indicated that the subject of employee motivation factors had not been undertaken in the context of Polish IT sector specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gen X customers find it difficult to adjust to the changing technology trends and hence face issues while using mobile credit bill payment apps. Although Gen X customers form an important segment of the banking sector, few studies have explored the barriers that Gen X customers face. It will be interesting to examine the impact of innovation-related barriers and personality traits that affect Gen X customers' continuance intention, and whether perceived gamification has a moderating effect. The questionnaire-based survey data of 306 Indian respondents were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling technique. The study found a negative influence of issues (app. quality and payment), a positive influence of conscientiousness trait and an insignificant impact of traditional barrier on continuance intention. Perceived gamification had a significant moderating influence on the relationship between app. quality concerns, security concerns, agreeableness and conscientiousness with continuance intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental sustainability is increasingly pressing. Achieving it depends on the contribution of all of us. There is a broad spectrum of evidence that points to a generational gap in the way of viewing and dealing with environmental issues. This evidence is, however, mixed. This paper intends to explore whether there are differences between the Portuguese Generations X, Y, and Z about general environmental concerns, their involvement in collective actions for environmental protection, and specific pro‐environmental behaviors. The data gathered from 757 Portuguese citizens were analyzed using descriptive and non‐parametric statistical methods. Overall, we found that members of Generation Z showed the least environmental concerns and adopted fewer sustainable behaviors and little or no participation in collective actions for environmental protection. On the contrary, members of Generation X demonstrate more sustainable attitudes, followed by Millennials. In sum, the two younger generations have more in common with each other than they do with members of Generation X. This is the first attempt to understand generational differences in Portugal on specific environmental issues, helping to define policies emphasizing civil society's serious and consistent involvement in protecting the planet. Recommendations of the research enable us to understand the behaviors of individuals from different generations and allow producers and policymakers to develop and adopt measures to meet the specificities of each generation, leading them to adopt more sustainable practices, especially younger people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We first present a new form of a local K-convoluted C-group on a Banach space X, and then deduce some basic properties of a nondegenerate local K-convoluted C-group on X and some generation theorems of local K-convoluted C-groups, which can be applied to obtain some equivalence relations between the generation of a nondegenerate local K-convoluted C-group on X with subgenerator A and the unique existence of solutions of the abstract Cauchy problem ACP (A,f,x). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the impact of consumption values on the adoption of NBG's mobile banking services and the role of customers' motivation and app adoption in this process. The study reveals users' attitudes and behavior towards mobile banking by establishing significant connections between selected UTAUT constructs. Based on a critical case of the m-banking services of a leading Greek financial institution, we gathered 418 full-answered questionnaires from a convenience sample of 654 customers to test 18 research hypotheses. The research results confirm that the three selected UTAUT constructs, are antecedents of behavioral intention, supporting the initial assumption. This study analyzes the factors that drive the adoption and usage of mobile banking apps, providing valuable insights for marketing academia and managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Being bullied is a profoundly distressing experience for children and adolescents, with the potential for adverse mental and behavioral outcomes throughout their adult years. This study aims to explore the association between juvenile bullying, self-esteem, loneliness, and social media addiction among men across three generational cohorts: X, Y, and Z. Method: The study utilized an online survey, administering structured questionnaires to 797 men aged 18-58 divided into three generational cohorts: 142 individuals from Gen X (born between 1965 and 1980), 275 from Gen Y (born between 1981 and 1996), and 380 from Gen Z (born between 1997 and 2005). Results: The findings demonstrate that across all three generations, there was a positive correlation between experiencing bullying in one's youth and social media addiction in adulthood. Among Gen X, self-esteem did not act as a mediator in this relationship, nor did loneliness moderate the links between bullying and social media addiction, or between self-esteem and social media addiction. However, for Gen Y and Z, self-esteem was found to mediate the relationship between bullying and social media addiction. Loneliness moderated the association between self-esteem and social media addiction in Gen Y and the association between bullying and social media addiction in Gen Z. Conclusion: The differences observed among generational cohorts can be attributed to changes in masculinity norms, the evolution of bullying types, and the rapid development of social media platforms, catering to the distinct needs and gratifications of each generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze the influence of the AI awareness dimension, namely challenge and hindrance appraisal toward AI, on sustainable employability through job crafting mediation variables in Gen X employees in Jakarta. In this study, hypothesis testing and data collection were carried out cross-sectionally. The data were collected primarily by distributing questionnaires to 272 Gen X employees in Jakarta. The sample collection method used the purposive sampling method. The data processing techniques included validity tests, reliability tests, and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of the study showed that there was a positive influence caused by challenge appraisal toward AI and job crafting on sustainable employability. Meanwhile, hindrance appraisal toward AI triggered a negative influence on sustainable employability. The company and employees were expected to collaborate in implementing AI in the work environment to support their work sustainably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The sterile insect technique (SIT) of Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata depends on the ability of male to compete successfully against wild male in obtaining matings with wild females. Methods: To evaluate mass and wild reared the sexual performance and compatibility of medflies has been conducted in a series of field cages test. At the same time, this study has been done in the laboratory domestication as well. Three populations have been tested in this research: wild flies from of Perth Hills stone; Western Australia and Norwood road, Maida Vale, Perth; semi-wild flies after 7 to 10 generation in the lab. and a mass-reared and wild strains of flies were used in the study. Result: All the field cages have been indicating that all population of medfly are all most the same. There is no significant difference in the number of egg and sex ratio of wild population. In the mass- reared males, the performed of males are significantly poorer than wild male in achieve mating with wild female. The study has been showed that mating performances are reduced in mass-reared and semi-wild fly after 8 to 11 generation in laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses Generation Z's perception of work, considering the different realities and generational experiences in Brazil, a country marked by profound social inequalities. The study aims to understand the social representations of young people related to work, exploring how they reflect and are influenced by demographic and organizational transformations. Based on the literature, it is identified that employees from different generations, including Generations X, Y, Z and Baby Boomers, coexist in the workplace, each with their specific expectations, values and motivations in relation to employment. This diversity creates significant challenges for organizational management, which must mediate the varied perspectives to avoid conflicts and facilitate the adaptation and assimilation of new members. The study employs a qualitative approach, using questionnaires and the Free Word Association Technique (TALP) to collect data from young people born between 1995 and 2009. The interpretative analysis of the collected data aims to reveal the complex relationships of these young people with work, understanding how these perceptions are socially constructed and how they influence their experiences and expectations. The research is based on the Theory of Social Representations (TRS) to analyze how young people structure their social reality and how this affects their insertion and behavior in the world of work. The results seek to offer insights into the aspirations, needs and motivations of Generation Z in the Brazilian labor context, highlighting the relevance of understanding such dynamics to promote more harmonious and productive work environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many argue that work motivation varies with year of birth, suggesting the utility of generational labels such as Z, Y, X, or Baby Boomer. This article tests this generational hypothesis by using multilevel regressions with data from 584,217 individuals sampled by the Integrated Values Survey in 113 countries over more than 30 years. The results show that the importance of work first increases and then decreases with an individual's age and that the importance of work tends to decrease for everyone with the passing of historical time. These age and period effects make later-born generations seem work averse, while birth year and thus generational membership hardly explain work motivation after accounting for age and period effects. The article also tests whether ten other work-related attitudes can be explained through generational membership. The results suggest that the historical time period and an individual's life course explain work motivation and work attitudes better than generational membership. This life course and historical explanation is suggested as an alternative to the generational hypothesis of work motivation and attitudes that prevails in much of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: What is the meaning and value of human work? This article attempts to answer this question from the perspective of different generations: employees representing Generation X and Y (Nomads and Heroes) and primary school students, representing late Z and Alpha generations (Artists and Prophets). The research problem addressed in this article is the perception of the meaning and value of work. The aim is to compare this between young and adult individuals (static dimension of the research) and to attempt to understand and explain the different ways of perceiving the meaning and value of work (dynamic dimension of the research). Design/methodology/approach: Differences in the perception of the meaning and value of work between generations are explained using the Strauss-Howe generational theory, which introduces a dynamic perspective for understanding generational differences. The research material for the analysis was collected through surveys conducted between 2019 and 2022, as part of the NCN project no. 2013/09/D/HS4/02701. Methodological triangulation was applied in the data analysis process: quantitative analysis showing differences between generations and qualitative analysis explaining these differences. Findings: The constructs of work perception among young people and adults are based on different value systems. Adults more frequently use an ‘outward’ narrative to describe the meaning and value of work (what their work gives to the world), whereas young people use an ‘inward’ narrative (what work gives to them). Research limitations/implications: The main limitation lies in the assumptions adopted in Strauss-Howe's generational theory. Future research could attempt to replace the proposed by Strauss and Howe circural movement with a spiral movement, thereby seeking the driving forces behind this movement, manifested in generational differences. Practical implications: HR practices in diversity management. Social implications: Better understand different social groups (generations) attitudes. Originality/value: An original approach is the adoption of the category of values rather than attitudes in the analysis to explain generational differences and implementation historical background in explanation work value differences between generations (dynamic approach). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study introduces an enhanced version of the Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) method, a powerful tool that can be applied across various domains. This method plays a crucial role in our research, aiding in making well-informed decisions about smart tourism destination attributes. We achieved this by evaluating how 911 consumers from four different generations (Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z) rated these attributes based on their most recent tourist destination visit. Unlike traditional methods that often rely on subjective opinions or complex statistical models, the Improved IPA (IIPA) method offers a clear approach to decision-making. It enables decision-makers to focus on the most crucial attributes that drive consumer interest, thereby optimizing resource allocation and marketing efforts. Specifically, to remain competitive, decision-makers for smart tourist destinations should focus on queuing-time forecast and applications, websites, and content accessible for travelers with disabilities for Baby Boomers; e-complaint handling for Generation X; smart emergency response system for Millennials; and tourist-flow forecast, real-time traffic broadcast, electronic-entrance guard systems, and accessible data about physical design features of accommodation, restaurants, and tourist attractions for Generation Z. Theoretically, this study advances the research on managerial decision-making by demonstrating the effectiveness of the IIPA as a clear and straightforward method for making optimal decisions about product or service attributes. In practice, the study provides decision-makers with valuable insights into the importance of different categories of smart attributes in shaping the overall holiday experience at a tourist destination for Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z tourism consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Económico de ICE is the property of S.G.E.E.I.P.C., Secretaria de Estado de Comercio, Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In today's environmentally-conscious era, the demand for eco-friendly products is more critical than ever. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding how individuals from various age groups perceive and embrace eco-friendly choices when it comes to making environmentally responsible purchases. This study endeavors to investigate the impact of generational differences on the intention to make environmentally-conscious purchases, specifically focusing on consumers from Gen X and Gen Y (millennials). This study, based on responses from a sample of 234 respondents, seeks to enhance our understanding of consumers' motivations to purchase environment-friendly home appliances. To achieve this goal, the study employs an empirical evaluation of the Theory of Planned Behavior model in conjunction with the construct of environmental concern. The data analysis was carried out using SmartPLS 4; furthermore, a multi-group analysis (MGA) was conducted to explore the potential moderating effect of generational cohorts on these relationships. The results show that drivers of environmentally responsible purchase intention were more or less equal in both cohorts, demonstrating that generational cohorts do not moderate the relationship between ecologically responsible purchase intention and its antecedents. Given that the Gen X and millennials have greater purchasing power and are the primary decisionmakers in families, the study's novelty resides in undertaking a multi-group study between these two crucial generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This comparative research examines the factors influencing individuals' purchase intention toward green housing. By examining these factors, this study provides fruitful insights into the purchase intentions and behaviors for greenhouses among individuals of different age groups in India. Design/methodology/approach: Data were gathered from Generation (Gen) X (313) and Generation (Gen) Y (297) using self-administered questionnaires. The "partial least squares structural equation modeling" was used to test the hypotheses. Findings: The outcome shows that attitude and green trust substantially impact the green purchase intention of Gen X and Y. More specifically, environmental knowledge insignificantly influences the green purchase intention of Gen X while significantly influencing Gen Y. However, perceived risk insignificantly affects the purchase intention of both Gen X and Y. Consequently, green purchase intention substantially impacts the green purchase behavior in both studies. Research limitations/implications: This research focuses primarily on India; future research may be conducted in different geographical contexts. This study could also be extended to all age groups individuals. Practical implications: The findings of this article facilitate policymakers, real estate developers and professional bodies in formulating strategies for sustainable nations in the future. Originality/value: The current article is the initial empirical attempt to examine the home-buying decisions of individuals in India. Moreover, the role of Generation X and Generation Y in green housing purchase decisions will provide fruitful insights into how different age groups impact the decision-making process of green housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the leading areas of Polish research addressed in the physical culture sciences, is the declining interest in physical activity. The likely reason for this situation may be the inadequate communication of physical culture to today's generations: BB (baby boomers), X (great unknowns), Y (millennials), Z (snowflakes), Alpha (digital). Therefore, the aim of this article is to address the problem of declining interest in physical activity in Poland by identifying the appropriate approach of teachers, trainers and instructors to today's generations. The specifics of BB, X, Y, Z and Alpha generations are described and their expectations regarding physical activity are indicated. It was concluded that activating these social groups should be done by prompting topics that are important to them. Thus, BB value organizational stability, X need to see the purposefulness and attractiveness of the activities, Y equate physical activity with personal development, Z only take up useful forms of activities, and finally Alpha like smart technology-assisted activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractExploration of demographic variations is required to develop dynamic web platforms that cater to the varying preferences of diverse users. Hence, this study evaluated instructors’ demographic variations on a web-based platform for connecting with practitioners for student development. Both objective and subjective measures were adopted to investigate age- and gender-related differences in gaze behavior, task completion time, perceived cognitive load, perceived usability, and trust. Compared to male instructors, female instructors had higher fixation counts, longer task completion times, and statistically significant longer fixation duration. Female instructors gave higher usability and trust ratings but reported a higher cognitive workload. Compared to Generation Y instructors, Generation X instructors had longer fixation duration, higher fixation count, and statistically longer task completion time. Generation X instructors reported high cognitive load, lower usability, and trust ratings. The study also reveals demographic differences in parameters that instructors focused on while connecting with practitioners via a web platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation X musicians represent a transitional generation from the pre-digital to the digital era, having experience developing their musical identity and reputation in both. In the process of development, they use digital platforms to communicate directly with their audience and utilize digital technologies for music production, promotion, and distribution. They face the challenge of reconciling traditional approaches they used in the pre-digital era with the demands of the digital ecosystem. The research explores how Generation X musicians perceive the transition process in developing their musical identity using traditional and digital approach and what strategies they have adopted to keep relevance in the digital age. The results show that Generation X musicians use a combination of traditional and digital tools, with this integrated approach proving to be the best strategy for them as they feel nostalgic and question the quality and relevance of online visibility. Although they have digital skills, they still need to take full advantage of the digital ecosystem in building their digital identity, leaving room for further research in this area. Continuing previous autoethnographic research identifying the information and communication challenges musicians face when developing their digital identity, this study gives deeper insight on those challenges from the perspective of Generation X musicians and the difficulties they face when reconciling traditional musical practices with new digital opportunities. The input of this study is to contribute to the existing knowledge of the strategies musicians from various generations use to build digital identity, in particularly Generation X musicians, and to contribute to a better understanding of musician digital identity overall since there is a lack of research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade of the 20th Century, the rapid development of communication, electronics and information technology decisively impacted on parts of the generational Italian literature. In the first half of the decade, logos, brands, TV catchphrases, advertising jingles, TV theme songs and all TV narratives were assimilated by generational literature. In the second half of the decade, on the other hand, the extraliterary audiovisual narratives are no longer merely mentioned in the texts, but it is the text itself that mimics their times, spaces and contents, giving rise to a "televisualised" literature, as also recalled by Enrico Brizzi in 1999. In both cases, punctual references to slogans, television calambours, characterising idioms borrowed from the small screen can be easily found. They enter into the everyday «sound del parlato» while the generational literature mimics their narrative gestures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gümüshane Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Gumushane University, Faculty of Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptions of consumers regarding the use of smartphones to shop and to determine the extent of influence age has on their intentions to use their smartphones to shop. A quantitative, descriptive research design was conducted to examine the perceptions of consumers regarding the use of smartphone-based shopping. The findings revealed that Gen Zers, Millennials, and Gen Xers reported positive perceptions about using their smartphones to shop online. Boomers were consistently more unsure in their responses. The three generation groups (Gen Zers, Millennials, Gen Xers) agreed that using their smartphones to shop was useful and easy to do. Boomers were undecided in their responses. Although, the Gen Zers, Millennials, and Gen Xers reported consistently positive beliefs about shopping using their smartphones, these groups tend to report similar views as the Boomers about their intentions to use the devices to shop. All four groups were indecisive regarding whether they planned to mobile shop with their smartphones in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study applies the modified brand avoidance model to examine factors that influence sustainable fashion avoidance behaviour among millennial shoppers in South Africa. Design/methodology/approach: A positivistic approach and a web-based online survey were employed to collect cross-sectional data from 423 millennial fashion shoppers. Standard multiple regression analysis was used to test proposed hypotheses. Findings: Unmet expectations, materialism and symbolic incongruence emerged as major predictors of millennials' intention to avoid sustainable fashion. Sustainable fashion avoidance intention was found to have a positive effect on sustainable fashion avoidance behaviour. Research limitations/implications: This study relied on self-reported data collected from millennial shoppers. Future studies may improve the generalizability of this study's results by conducting a comparative study with other cohorts such as baby boomers and Generation X who espouse different shopping values. Future studies may benefit from the use of longitudinal data in order to understand how millennial shoppers relate to sustainable fashion as it evolves. Practical implications: The results of this study suggest the importance of developing value propositions that align sustainable fashion with cultural, personality and symbolic cues valued by millennial shoppers. Consumer education on the benefits of sustainable fashion is recommended as a long-term behavioural change strategy. Social implications: The purchase behaviour of sustainable fashion should be encouraged as it enhances environmental sustainability including safeguarding the livelihoods of future generations. Originality/value: This study contributes to literature on sustainable fashion avoidance behaviour. This is one of the pioneering studies to empirically examine the influence of unmet expectations, symbolic incongruence and ideological incompatibility in the context of an emerging market, such as South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social Policy Studies / Sosyal Politika Çalismalari Dergisi is the property of Journal of Social Policy Studies / Sosyal Politika Calismalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dr Joseph H. Hancock, II celebrates Madonna as a fashion icon for Latin communities. He also celebrates that Fashion, Style & Popular Culture is now officially on EBSCOhost with the aid of Amy Rollason, Bethan Ball, James Campbell and Judith Schofield. The journal has become the primary source of fashion, style and popular culture on one of the most significant search engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]