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Previous empirical studies have highlighted the importance of the institutional framework in fostering a transition towards the circular economy (CE). Adopting a dynamic approach, which merges three Flash Eurobarometer surveys conducted in 2015, 2017 and 2021 into a single dataset, we observe the evolution in the factors determining the adoption of CE practices. Firstly, using factor analysis, our results indicate two groups of institutional drivers: knowledge and environmental spillovers. Secondly, applying a multivariate probit model, we observe that both spillovers have a positive effect on the adoption of the CE. Finally, we find that the effect of knowledge spillovers remains relatively constant, while that of environmental spillovers tends to increase. This suggests that firms are increasingly benefiting from the adoption of circular practices by their peers. Policymakers should take into account that a more intense knowledge spillovers and a stronger institutional framework will increase the likelihood of European small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) adopting CE practices.

This study focuses on the changes that doctoral education has experienced in the last decades and discusses the role of doctoral supervisors. The figure of doctoral supervisor continues to be a subject of much debate; therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a universal, global, and common definition that clearly establishes the roles and functions of doctoral supervisors. Employing a multi-method approach, the study utilized the perspectives of linguistic relativism and prototype theory to understand how linguistic and label diversity may influence the perception and approach to supervisory tasks. We examine a corpus of 55 different labels to refer to “doctoral supervisor.” Data was collected from 116 countries, encompassing 47 different languages and 55 distinct labels from Europe, Africa, America, Asia, and Oceania, forming a unique corpus of information. The results reveal a total of 18 functions to be fulfilled by the doctoral supervisor. Additionally, the findings underscore the significance of linguistic influence in conceptualizing the functions associated with the supervisor in various cultural contexts and highlight the necessity for redefining the role of the thesis supervisor. The results hold potential benefits for doctoral schools and supervisors, serving as guidelines for standardizing the functions of the doctoral supervisor.

IntroductionThe problem of LGBQIA-phobia has been extendedly reported as a problem that threatens the quality of life and well-being, particularly for trans and intersex individuals. Scientific evidence points at the high presence of this form of violence and discrimination during adolescence and youth, negatively affecting the prospects of the victims. At the same time, there is a lack of evidence on the role and potential impact of Youth Worker Networks involved in analysing gender-based violence and finding strategies to improve the situation of LGBTQIA+ youth.MethodsThis study has focussed on the reality of a network of youth workers through a mixed method approach belonging to a transnational project funded by the Rights, Equality and Citizenship Program (REC) of the European Commission. The implementation of 160 questionnaires and 5 semi-structured interviews in 2022 with the training participants provides evidence on the social impact that networking and evidence-based training may have in tackling LGBTQIA-phobia in youth environments.ResultsThe findings of the current study show how the implementation of Youth Worker Networks can provide relevant results to achieve more respectful youth spaces toward diversity. The presence of traditional dominant masculinities together with the lack of quality training seem to be an important barrier for youth workers to fight against gender and sexual discrimination. In contrast, the professionals' motivation and the group potential and support of the network appear to be a significant strength in overcoming forms of violence and discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression in youth contexts.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the role of youth workers, the quality of the training

Structural competency is an emerging paradigm for both the training of health professionals and the creation of a common language addressing structural processes that determine health disparities. However, its application to the field of epidemiological design and research is absent. Based on our previous proposal of a tool for Structural and Intercultural Competency in Epidemiological Studies, the SICES guidelines, in this article we analyse the possibilities and challenges of a 'structural turn' in epidemiology. In terms of possibilities, we recognise the value of paradigms from multiple parts of the world, such as social and sociocultural epidemiology, critical epidemiology and collective health, in facilitating a structural turn in epidemiological studies. In this framework, structural competency would provide a new angle by focusing not only on what to research (e.g. inequalities), but with what skills and attitudes (e.g. cultural and epistemic humility). The challenges lie in the inclusion of reflexivity and a comprehensive view in the context of a positivist epidemiology oriented towards obtaining evidence from a biomedical, but not social, perspective.

This paper explores how documentary cinema in war contexts can challenge gender representations. To do so, we adopt a feminist and postcolonial approach to analyze the work of Catalan nonfiction filmmaker Alba Sotorra in Kurdistan, Afghanistan and Catalonia. In her films, Sotorra positions herself close to a series of subjects absorbed by wars and armed conflicts that (re)define their identities while acting beyond gender stereotypes. In particular, the paper analyzes the modes of production and representational strategies of two of Sotorra's latest feature films, Game Over and Commander Arian, documentaries with which the filmmaker aims at overcoming the visual exploitation of alterity. After an introduction to Sotorra, and a brief revision of the theory of postcolonial feminist cinema, our argument unfolds in four parts. Firstly, we reflect on cinematic representations of women and men at war; secondly, we introduce our methodology, based on in-depth interviews with the director to support our film analysis; thirdly, we contrast our hypotheses by means of close-readings of the films; lastly, we reflect on how the filmmaker aligns herself with intersectional feminism by using empathy and solidarity towards her subjects.

The current concern with sustainability issues pervades all scientific fields. Sustainable investment is not an exception judging by the significant increase in the literature. This work provides an extensive up-to-date overview of studies on sustainable investment, revealing current trends, identifying gaps and future research topics. A total of 1091 documents are reviewed and bibliometric analysis is used with two approaches: data analysis and conceptual structure of the field. Additionally, a classification into 12 categories by topic is proposed. The results show that more than 40% of the publications belong to analysis of classical investment tools with a gradual evolution towards the concept of "green" instruments. Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) strategies have changed over time from "screening" to the current "best-in-class", "Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) integration" and "impact investing." The results of the study are valuable for academics and practitioners, as they show the current state of knowledge, evolution paths and emerging topics.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a growing risk factor of some non-communicable diseases. Increase of greenhouse gas emissions affects the planet.To assess the association between MetS severity and amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted in an adult population.Cross-sectional study (n = 6646; 55-76-year-old-men; 60-75-year-old-women with MetS).Dietary habits were assessed using a pre-validated semi quantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire. The amount of CO2 emitted due to the production of food consumed by person and day was calculated using a European database, and the severity of the MetS was calculated with the MetS Severity Score.Higher glycaemia levels were found in people with higher CO2 emissions. The risk of having high severe MetS was related to high CO2 emissions.Low CO2 emissions diet would help to reduce MetS severity. Advantages for both health and the environment were found following a more sustainable diet.ISRCTN, ISRCTN89898870 . Registered 05 September 2013.© 2023. The Author(s).

Workplace sexual harassment (WSH) remains a common experience for many women worldwide. European policies and guidelines point to the need to establish comprehensive WSH prevention programs and strategies. One of the strategies contemplated is establishing risk assessment and monitoring systems to prevent and identify WSH situations. However, few WSH risk assessment tools are currently available to European organizations and companies. This article analyses the co-creation process that has led to developing an evidence-based risk assessment survey tool (ST) to prevent in a wide diversity of work contexts. This process has involved experts, survivors, activists, and other relevant stakeholders. The research has been carried out based on the communicative methodology through the implementation of qualitative fieldwork. Furthermore, an extensive review of scientific literature and international guidelines has been carried out. The established co-creation process has led to the inclusion of the Isolating Gender Violence approach in a risk assessment ST to prevent WSH for the first time.

Complex networked systems often exhibit higher-order interactions, beyond dyadic interactions, which can dramatically alter their observed behavior. Consequently, understanding hypergraphs from a structural perspective has become increasingly important. Statistical, group-based inference approaches are well suited for unveiling the underlying community structure and predicting unobserved interactions. However, these approaches often rely on two key assumptions: that the same groups can explain hyperedges of any order and that interactions are assortative, meaning that edges are formed by nodes with the same group memberships. To test these assumptions, we propose a group-based generative model for hypergraphs that does not impose an assortative mechanism to explain observed higher-order interactions, unlike current approaches. Our model allows us to explore the validity of the assumptions. Our results indicate that the first assumption appears to hold true for real networks. However, the second assumption is not necessarily accurate; we find that a combination of general statistical mechanisms can explain observed hyperedges. Finally, with our approach, we are also able to determine the importance of lower and high-order interactions for predicting unobserved interactions. Our research challenges the conventional assumptions of group-based inference methodologies and broadens our understanding of the underlying structure of hypergraphs.

A frequent criticism of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is that it does not allow correlated residuals to be modelled, while they can be routinely specified in the confirmatory (CFA) model. In this article, we propose an EFA approach in which both the common factor solution and the residual matrix are unrestricted (i.e., the correlated residuals need not be specified a priori). The estimation procedures are two-stage and based on the unweighted least squares principle. Procedures for judging the solution appropriateness (including goodness of fit) are also proposed. The simulation studies and illustrative example suggest that the approach works quite well Although the proposal is based on existing results, most of the developments can be considered to be new contributions, and are expected to be particularly useful in the earlier stages of item calibration. The whole procedure has been implemented in both R language and a well-known non-commercial EFA program.

The controversies surrounding the rural have generated a lively discussion in Spain. Notions of “empty Spain” have gained momentum since the second half of the 2010s while the mainstream media have continued to replicate negative stereotypes and narratives about the countryside: the lack of opportunities, abandoned villages, economic depression and impoverished cultural life. These clichés, though grounded in the difficult realities of these spaces, come from a background of stigmatized depictions of the rural. However, these mainstream narratives may conceal alternative perspectives that allow new representations. The author proposes the notion of the resituated rural to refer to these new narratives and identifies three markers: the determination to leave behind victimization; the rejection of rural stereotyping; and the commitment to values rooted in cultural identities, sustainability concerns, social justice and gender equity. To illustrate this notion, the author reviews cultural works ranging from novels and feature films to documentaries about agriculture and nature, as well as magazines producing quality journalism on a variety of media platforms and social networks. The article argues that the resituated rural provides alternatives to hegemonic storytelling, avoids polarized apocalyptic or idyllic scenarios and explains the Spanish countryside as a “livable space”, thus offering critical insights for the construction of acceptable futures.

Brazilian mental health focuses on the social determination model within mental health policies and interventions to address mental and social suffering as resulting from social exclusion and structural violence. Structural concerns focused on class stratification and socioeconomic inequalities overweight cultural ones in Brazilian mental health. In this article we examine, first the role of culture and interculturality in mental health practices and mental health guidelines for health professionals continuing training in Brazil. Second, we explore interviews with health professionals around Continuing Education in Health provided by mental health collaborative care initiatives within primary health care as illustration of a local practice of structural competency in mental health. Finally, we examine the central role played by the practices of territorialisation in shaping health care training and care interventions. The focus on the territory can promote critical apprehensions of the intercultural and structural factors that shape health practices, enrich health professional education oriented towards the basic tenets of social medicine and provide global discussions around structural competency with innovative ways of thinking about health education, health care and spatiality. We believe that our results may be useful for comparing structural competency training initiatives in global health.

I explore how I—a person born with a physical disability living alone in a foreign country—was able to cope with COVID-19 lockdown. I used the autoethnographic method (Chang, 2016) to scrutinize sources of my resilience. Through evocative autoethnography, I reviewed risks/coping strategies recalling the lessons drawn from my childhood in the care of two supportive women. Then, performing analytical autoethnography, I self-assessed my lived experiences through a social science lens. A theoretical validation of my personal story helped me to acknowledge how resilience in my life had been built and was mobilized in the face of the pandemic.

People living with HIV (PLWH) face structural and psychosocial factors that affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We aimed to evaluate how syndemic conditions affected HRQoL in PLWH.A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 861 PLWH, to determine whether syndemic conditions (monthly income; sexual satisfaction; depressive symptoms; social role satisfaction; social isolation; cognitive function; nicotine dependence; perception of stigma) have an effect on HRQoL. A linear regression model and measures of Additive Interaction (AI) were used to determine the effects of syndemic conditions on HRQoL, controlling for other risk factors.Overall, the most frequently observed were stigma perception (56.9%), poor cognitive function (50.6%) and the perception of social isolation (51.6%). The presence of depressive symptoms was the risk factor most associated with worse Physical Health (PH) (B 3.93, 2.71-5.15) and Mental Health (MH) (B 5.08, 3.81-6.34) in linear regression model. Specifically, an interaction was observed between poor cognitive function and poor satisfaction with social role on worse PH and MH (AI 2.08, 0.14-4.02; AI 2.69, 0.15-5.22, respectively); and low income and perception of stigma (AI 2.98, 0.26-5.71), low income and perception of social isolation (AI 2.79, 0.27-5.32), and low income and poor satisfaction with social role (AI 3.45, 0.99-5.91) on MH.These findings provide evidence that syndemic factors impact HRQoL. HIV prevention programs should screen and address co-occurring health problems to improve patient-centered health care and outcomes.© 2023. The Author(s).

En el contexto de la sociedad moderna cada vez más digitalizada, el desarrollo de la competencia digital (DC) desde la primera infancia es cada vez más esencial. Esta situación representa un desafío para las instituciones educativas de todos los niveles, ya que deben velar por el desarrollo de la CD de los estudiantes, así como formar al personal en competencia digital docente (CDD). Este estudio tiene como objetivo medir la autopercepción del DC y CDD del alumnado de una red de centros de educación primaria y secundaria de la Comunidad Valenciana como primer paso para la detección de posibles carencias y desigualdades que es necesario corregir. Los resultados muestran un alto nivel de DC autopercibido entre los estudiantes y un nivel medio-experto de CDD entre los profesores. Además, se encontraron diferencias en el nivel autoevaluado de DC y CDD entre las puntuaciones de las dimensiones individuales y tipos de alfabetización que componen estas competencias, y hubo diferencias significativas en la autoevaluación de los docentes en función de la edad y el nivel educativo. Estos hallazgos evidencian la necesidad de desarrollar programas de formación dirigidos a potenciar la CDD con el fin de reducir las desigualdades encontradas.

Touristification and smartization processes are commonly associated with economic growth strategies. Here we emphasize and demonstrate the need to consider the implication of these processes on social sustainability. Initial results imply that: (1) regions not specialized in tourism are associated with a lower share of population in poverty; and (2) regions' 'smartness' level is negatively associated with the share of poverty. However, in regions highly specialized in tourism, smartization demonstrated an opposite association of increased intra-regional poverty. As residents' quality of life is becoming a key policy consideration, understanding the effect of these socio-economic processes on socially sustainable growth has timely implications for regional planning, including for post-COVID-19 recovery strategies.

We compare two regulatory structures in the application of emission standards and a subsidy scheme in the automobile market. The regulator can either commit to an emission standard or is not able to commit. Firms compete á la Cournot and produce fuel-powered and electric vehicles. The emissions of fuel-powered vehicles can be abated by means of investing in emission-reducing innovation. Our results indicate that under commitment there are less emissions, higher subsidies and a major adoption of electric vehicles. By contrast, non-commitment yields more fuel-powered vehicles, more vehicles in total and higher consumer surplus. Electric vehicle producers obtain higher profits under commitment, whereas fuel-powered vehicle producers might be better off under both regulatory structures. Social welfare is higher under non-commitment as long as environmental damages are regarded severe. Otherwise, commitment is socially preferable. This result provides an explanation for observed differences in the duration of environmental standards between the US, the EU and China.

There is a growing trend towards a feminization of migration which calls for an urgent intersectional analysis in migration and integration research. Migrant women are exposed to numerous barriers that make difficult to participate in host communities due to the intersections between their gender, ethnicity, migratory status, etc. These barriers range from structural to daily discrimination in the shape of sexism and racism, particularly for women from regions further south of Africa. Undertaken in collaboration with a local NGO in Southern Spain, this study aims to approach African migrant women's experiences and to promote agency and participation in host communities. It was framed in Feminist Participatory Action-Research (FPAR) based on photovoice. The participants (n = 15) generated and shared photo-narratives about their daily experiences during five sessions that were participatively analyzed, classified into four themes as follows: (1) migratory projects; (2) violence and discrimination; (3) health and social care; and (4) to be and resist as an African migrant woman. Photovoice was valued as a safe, non-hierarchical, and caring environment that promoted agency in participants and reflexivity in researchers. Our results highlight the importance and necessity on undertaking FPAR in collaboration with social organizations for emancipatory research praxis and put the emphasis on photovoice as a transformational method.

This article discusses the practices of representing shepherd women in Spain, who have recently become more visible. New representations challenge stereotyped concepts of gender roles and rurality in such a masculinized context as the livestock sector. One of the main arguments of the article is that shepherdesses narratives and visuals connect with the sustainable agro-social development of the economy from an ecofeminist perspective. The authors conducted a close reading of a selection of productions, including short videos and media interventions about shepherdesses. Among the conclusions, they argue that shepherdesses' media productions and interventions put women at the center of local development processes, with particular emphasis on their role and leadership qualities. Their activities promote and maintain a networked sisterhood that activates intersectional approaches in favor of alternative structures to farming and life in rural areas.

There is a growing research that considers the geographical indications (GIs) of agricultural products and foodstuffs as commons. However, narrative approaches exploring this relationship are scarce. This research analyzed stories attached to twelve Catalan and Swedish products within the European Union's Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) schemes to map out how narratives of commons are articulated. The analysis raised four key aspects of the narratives of GIs as commons: i) historical constitution; ii) collective efforts as a driving force behind their value; iii) co-responsibility of the community of producers and related actors; and iv) intangible outputs and focus on heritage. The results show that the narratives of GIs as commons have a stronger presence in Catalonia and more clearly address issues of social engagement and cultural heritage than in Sweden. Internal differences were noted in the two countries and some GIs are more commercially oriented and cater for world markets while others are noncommercial and only regionally consumed. The article contributes to the research on GIs, better connecting their complexities throughout their communicative and narrative constitution and articulation as commons.

Research shows the benefits quality friendships have throughout humans’ lives. Recent scientific literature focuses on social impact. However, the social impact of reading and dialoguing about a book about friendship is not explored. This study aims to analyze the impact of “Creative Friendships” in the lives of participants and their surroundings. Using communicative methodology, based on dialogical co-creation from the start, it includes 30 participants from diverse backgrounds and ages through individual interviews, a focus group and the observation of two dialogic seminars. Results show how reading and discussing the book impacted participants’ views of beauty, goodness, truth, and freedom.

Due to social changes in Spain in recent years, more and more people feel free to express their trans identity in childhood and adolescence. There are very few studies in Spain about their problems in school settings. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to draw on the experience of experts in the field to understand the difficulties and needs faced by trans people in formal educational settings. The Delphi method was used with 72 experts from four different groups: trans activists, activists who are parents with trans children, health professionals and teachers. The results show that the difficulties faced by trans students and their families are many and diverse, although the opinions manifested by trans activists and professionals differ from those of parents and teachers. However, they reached a consensus on the actions that need to be taken to guarantee the educational inclusion of trans students.

This paper provides an autoethnographic account through tourist favela Santa Marta, Rio de Janeiro. It aims to grasp the role of tourists' practices and performances and their potential to re-signify and transform the physical, social, and cultural landscape of slummed communities at urban destinations. Tourism in informal urban settlements is a phenomenon studied from different disciplines and perspectives, mainly covering representational and ethical issues. The paper incorporates insights from the Performative Turn and relational studies to guide the author's reflection over her cultural experience as a favela tourist/researcher. These stories compound the myriad of heterogeneous elements making and shaping the favelas' complex and dynamic assemblages. They also unveil multiple underlying issues that could be further analyzed from different scopes. Finally, favela tourism is seen as an avenue to foster social change. Autoethnography was first being applied to slum tourism research, and it proved to be a useful method to embrace the subjectivities of the field.

The literature on how the ideology of political parties in power correlates with climate policy outcomes is abundant, but there is no similar literature for the individual characteristics of government leaders. This assessment is the first study of its kind, building on a dataset of government leaders of OECD countries for the period 1992-2017. We find that national presidents or prime ministers with a professional background in business are strongly correlated with bad climate mitigation outcomes. In particular, higher emissions and lower renewable energy deployment are more likely to occur during the tenure of former business people. Our results suggest that voters and pressure groups should pay attention to candidates' professional backgrounds, in addition to their party's ideology.

This paper explores the relationship between new digital technologies, internationalisation activity and its impact on High Growth Enterprises (HGEs), using the EIB Group Survey of Investment and Investment Finance and ORBIS data for 27 EU Member States and the United Kingdom. After controlling for sample selection bias, our results suggest that being a HGE is positively associated with the probability that a firm conducts international activities, particularly FDI. Conversely, the internationalisation process seems to trigger strong subsequent firm-growth only for FDI, not for exports. Furthermore, we show evidence on the positive association between firms that are internationalised and those adopting new digital technologies. The adoption of new digital technologies is indirectly related to the status of being a HGE via internationalisation activity in the current period. Our results highlight the complex influence of exporting and FDI on the capacity to become a HGE and the role of new digital technologies in this process.

This study aims to broaden the research on the influence of financial performance (FP) on sustainable development activities proxied by environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure in the airline industry. In addition, we examine the moderating effect of state-ownership on the FP-ESG relationship. Based on data collected from 36 airlines worldwide for the period 2008–2019, we found that ESG is negatively and significantly influenced by FP. This result implies that the willingness of airlines to contribute to ESG initiatives is diminished when economic conditions are favorable. State-ownership moderates the relationship between FP and ESG such that the negative relationship is weaker in presence of state shares. Our findings help to disentangle the roles of FP in its contribution to sustainability and are valuable in better understanding the topic in airline context. Also, our results have some important implications for how industry practitioners may act more effectively in the managerial social decision process and provide insights to assist investors who are considering eco-investing in the airline industry.

It is a known fact that the order in which touristic activities are experienced plays a role in how enjoyable they are. This is the reason why tourists prefer to book carefully prepared day tours on arrival to a new destination, as they allow them to see the essence of the destination while traversing scenic routes. Tours are great, but they are expensive, do not allow room for personal exploration, and are built as a one-size-fits-all which does not consider the individual preferences of the tourist. In contrast, it is possible to make an optimal selection and ordering of touristic activities from a larger set of possibilities that match a tourist’s personal preferences, balancing important aspects like diversity, spatial proximity, or degree of interest on popular places. We propose a multi-objective genetic algorithm that uses a weighted averaging operator to balance four diverse objective functions crafted to maintain diversity, proximity, interest on popularity, and cultural preference. The system has been evaluated against four baseline algorithms and found to perform significantly better for the specified purpose.

Buena parte de la literatura sobre parejas mixtas aborda su naturaleza intercultural en términos problemáticos, subrayando las dificultades de este tipo de relaciones. En este artículo, en cambio, abordamos su consideración como lugares de intercambio de conocimientos y aprendizaje, lo que nos permite mostrar su contribución a la redefinición de la identidad y al cuestionamiento de los modos coloniales de saber. Partimos de una muestra de 18 parejas heterosexuales, formadas por un miembro español y otro de distinta nacionalidad, procedentes de diversos proyectos de investigación de carácter cualitativo, realizados en la última década. El trabajo permite concluir con la consideración de las parejas mixtas como núcleos privilegiados para el estudio de las relaciones sociales polifónicas, cosmopolitas y hermenéuticas en el contexto de las relaciones cambiantes entre el centro y la periferia.

Research groups spend time and resources in the process of applying for funding. This issue raises important questions regarding inefficiency and whether the currently used funding mechanisms are adequate. This article aims to identify ways of reducing the inefficiency and the waste of resources when making research funding calls. We look at four ways of reducing inefficiency. Inefficiency decreases when: (1) the most productive research groups are favoured over the less productive ones, (2) the call is restricted to a small number of research groups actively working on the subject of the call, (3) the funding process is less dependent on the amount of effort spent on fund-seeking activities by the research groups, and (4) the number of research groups competing in the same call is small. However, not all these mechanisms are equally powerful or easy to implement. Our results suggest that (1) reducing the dependence of the funding process on funding activities' efforts, or (2) reducing the number of research groups by narrowing the subject of the call to groups that are very active in the call's subject might be particularly effective in reducing inefficiency.

El Trienio Constitucional (1820-1823) fue un periodo clave en el largo proceso de crisis del Antiguo Régimen y de revolución liberal en España y en el cual se configuraron los campos de la revolución y de la contrarrevolución. El liberalismo se dividió entre moderados y exaltados que se enfrentaron durante la primera mitad del siglo xix. Y en la oposición al liberalismo confluyeron la contrarrevolución y la antirrevolución que se enquistaron en la vida política española a lo largo del Novecientos (del realismo al carlismo). El Trienio Constitucional, además, tuvo una gran incidencia política en la Europa de la Restauración y en América.

Walking is an essential activity for everyone and for older adults in particular, given that it is the most accessible form of physical activity and one of the healthiest transportation modes. Understanding how walkability (the potential of the environment to enable and/or encourage walking) has been objectively measured and analyzed for older adults is critical to create more inclusive, healthy, and sustainable environments and to promote healthy aging. Despite the numerous reviews on physical activity among older adults and its relationship with the built environment, the literature still lacks comparison reviews focusing specifically on objective operationalizations of walkability for older adults vs. the general population.We conducted a systematic review of 146 empirical studies that measured walkability objectively in relation to walking-related outcomes. We compared studies focused on older adults (n = 24) and the general population (n = 122). Content analysis included the characteristics of the study design, walkability measures, spatial extent, and associations found between walkability and walking-related outcomes.In both groups of publications, the majority of studies were conducted in the US, Canada, and Europe, and largely in high-income countries. They were mostly published in health-related journals and used cross-sectional designs, operationalized walkability by using indexes, employed self-reported measures for walking-related outcomes, and found positive associations between walkability and walking outcomes. However, we observed some differences among studies focusing on older adults. Compared to studies focusing on the general population, a larger proportion of studies on older adults was conducted in the Middle East and Asia, and they used longitudin

Interindividual differences in music-related reward have been characterized as involving five main facets: musical seeking, emotion evocation, mood regulation, social reward, and sensory-motor. An interesting concept related to how humans decode music as a rewarding experience is music transcendence or absorption (i.e., music-driven states of complete immersion, including momentary loss of self-consciousness or even time-space disorientation). Here, we investigated the relation between previously characterized facets of music reward and individual differences in music absorption. A first sample of participants (N = 370) completed both the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire (BMRQ) and the Absorption in Music Scale (AIMS). Results showed that both constructs were highly interrelated (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), indicating that higher music reward sensitivity is associated with a greater tendency to music-related absorption states. In addition, four items from the AIMS were identified as suitable to be added to an extended version of the BMRQ (eBMRQ). A second sample (N = 550) completed the eBMRQ for a validation study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on the whole sample (N = 920) showed the reliable psychometric properties of the eBMRQ and suggested that taking into account an absorption facet could contribute to a better characterization of individual differences in the sensitivity to experience music-related reward and pleasure.© 2022 The Authors. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of New York Academy of Sciences.

Large, conglomerate caves in north-eastern Iberia have been significant places since the Neolithic through to historical times; however, their significance during the Palaeolithic has barely been explored. This project is the first systematic study of the use of these iconic geological landmarks among Pleistocene hunter-gatherers.

Chatbots are an emerging technology that is disrupting the tourism industry. Despite their implementation in companies and at destinations, there is little research that evaluates chatbots’ smart tourism technologies (STTs) attributes and their influence on tourist satisfaction. This study seeks to examine the relationship between informativeness, empathy, accessibility, interactivity and chatbot user satisfaction. The research was based on an experiment and a survey conducted on a sample of 468 potential tourists who used a chatbot during their trip. Statistical tools such as exploratory factor analysis and the hierarchical regression method were used in the data analysis. The results suggest that informativeness, empathy and interactivity of destination chatbots are the attributes that influence and predict tourist satisfaction while accessibility does not. The main contribution of this study is the analysis of the attributes of STTs applied to destination chatbots, which also provides valuable information for both tourism chatbot developers and smart destination managers who wish to adopt this technology. Highlights: The communication with a chatbot resembles the dialogues they have with human agents. Informativeness is a predictor factor in users’ satisfaction with chatbot The empathic ability of the chatbot is a factor that predicts user satisfaction A high level of interactivity in a human-chabot interaction predicts user satisfaction.

Purpose The aim of this study was to analyze the internal structure of the EORTC QLQ-C30, to examine the validity and normative data for cancer patients. Method Exploratory and Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to explore the scale's dimensionality and test for strong measurement invariance across sex and tumor site. All the analyses were based on a multicenter cohort of 931 patients who completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18) and the EORTC QLQ-C30. Results Our findings indicate that the EORTC QLQ-C30 has acceptable psychometric properties and an internal structure that is well accounted for a bifactor model: a general factor that evaluates quality of life and a group factor that would analyze physical health that would be defined by physical function, role function, and fatigue. The result of the multi-group CFA revealed a strong invariance according to sex, tumor, and over time. Reliability of the EORTC exceeding 0.86 and the simple sum of the items of the scale was a good indicator of oncology patients' quality of life. Both factors correlate closely with depression, anxiety, and psychological distress and are sensitive to change, especially the quality of life, with a significant decrease in the post-test. Conclusion The Spanish version of the EORTC QLQ-C30 proved to be a valid, reliable instrument to appraise quality of life in cancer patients. The normative data collected from this study may be useful for the early detection of initial symptoms of deterioration of quality of life in oncology patients.

In the classical exploratory factor analysis (EFA) model, residuals are constrained to be uncorrelated. However, since the 1960s, extensions of the classical model that allow correlated residuals to be modeled exist. Furthermore, in many EFA applications (especially those intended for item analysis) it is highly relevant to decide whether an extended solution is more appropriate than the simpler classical solution. This decision, in turn, requires effective and powerful methods for detecting correlated residuals (doublets) when they are really present to be available. This paper discusses two existing detection approaches in the EFA context, and proposes a third, new procedure. Reference values, based on the concept of parallel analysis, are proposed for deciding the relevance of the flagged doublets in all the considered procedures. The functioning of the three procedures is assessed by using simulation, and illustrated with an illustrative example. The proposal, finally, has been implemented in a well-known noncommercial EFA program, and an implementation in R is being developed.

Pollution and congestion in urban areas are serious externalities that can be mitigated through the adoption of either price- or quantity-based mechanisms. While price restrictions are occasionally applied, quantity constraints based on car vintage are becoming increasingly popular. Our model provides a comprehensive analysis that explains this prevalence of quantity over price schemes. We also elucidate some other stylized facts observed in urban areas applying traffic restrictions, such as the implementation of hybrid price-and-quantity systems, the use of trial periods, the commitment to invest in public transit to enhance the acceptability of urban tolls, and the concentration of quantity restrictions in high-income cities.

El teletrabajo se ha implementado como instrumento para hacer frente a la caída de la actividad laboral derivada de la crisis de la Covid-19. Su expansión durante la crisis contrasta con la escasa penetración lograda hasta fechas recientes. Diferentes estudios han comenzado a evaluar los impactos de la combinación entre confinamiento y teletrabajo, destacando los efectos que ha tenido sobre aspectos de la vida cotidiana de los empleados. Los resultados reflejan impactos positivos y negativos sobre salud laboral, conciliación, autonomía y control, de tiempos, mostrando una vez más que la clave fundamental para abordar el teletrabajo es un enfoque organizacional.

© 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. National parks with marine reserves have great potential for coastal and marine tourism. In this regard, the Galapagos archipelago is an important coastal and marine destination in Ecuador declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The objective of this empirical study was to analyze demand segmentation considering tourists’ motivations in this destination. The research was carried out in situ, and multivariate statistical techniques were used to analyze the 407 questionnaires collected. The results show six motivational factors: learning, heritage and nature, sun and beach, sports, authentic coastal experience, novelty, and social interaction. Two different segments of visitors have also been found. The first group, called ‘Multiple Motives,’ is formed by tourists with high motivation in all the motivational variables that include sun and beach. The second group, called ‘Eco-coastal,’ is made up of tourists who have a great motivation to experience marine life and national parks, discovering new things they are not used to, and for knowing their flora and fauna. From these findings, useful recommendations emerge for service providers and institutions related to the tourist offer in this kind of coastal and marine destinations.

La equidad es un asunto pendiente en la agenda sanitaria española. Este artículo explora el papel que los profesionales sanitarios otorgan a los determinantes sociales de salud y a los medios que disponen para abordarlos. Analiza también las relaciones que establecen entre el incremento de ciertas enfermedades y la inseguridad alimentaria. Uno de sus objetivos es determinar el modo en que la incertidumbre creciente es abordada en los servicios de atención primaria. Presentamos un estudio cualitativo llevado a cabo entre 2018 y 2019 en seis centros de atención primaria de las ciudades de Reus y Tarragona, donde han participado 19 profesionales activos en las áreas de enfermería, medicina general y trabajo social. Los resultados indican que la falta de recursos de estos centros dificulta integrar el enfoque de los determinantes sociales de salud y amortiguar así las desigualdades. Además, la falta de acciones estructurales reduce su respuesta a las necesidades de salud de la ciudadanía.

BackgroundDemographic aging is a generalised event and the proportion of older adults is increasing rapidly worldwide with chronic pathologies, disability, and complexity of health needs. The intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) has devastating consequences in high risk people. This study aims to quantify the incidence of ICH in complex chronic patients (CCP).MethodsThis is a multicentre, retrospective and community-based cohort study of 3594 CCPs followed up from 01/01/2013 to 31/12/2017 in primary care without a history of previous ICH episode. The cases were identified from clinical records encoded with ICD-10 (10th version of the International Classification of Diseases) in the e-SAP database of the Catalan Health Institute. The main variable was the ICH episode during the study period. Demographic, clinical, functional, cognitive and pharmacological variables were included. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify the variables associated with suffering an ICH. The independent risk factors were obtained from logistic regression models, ruling out the variables included in the HAS-BLED score, to avoid duplication effects. Results are presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The analysis with the resulting model was also stratified by sex.Results161 (4.4%) participants suffered an ICH episode. Mean age 879years; 55.9% women. The ICH incidence density was 151/10000 person-years [95%CI 127-174], without differences by sex. Related to subjects without ICH, presented a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (83.2% vs. 74.9%; p=0.02), hypercholesterolemia (55.3% vs. 47.4%, p=0.05), cardiovascular disease (36.6% vs. 28.9%; p=0.03), and use of antiplatelet drugs (64.0% vs. 52.9%; p=0.006). 93.2% had a HAS-BLED score >= 3

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimated that plant diseases cost the world economy $220 billion in 2019. In this paper, we propose a lightweight Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) for automatic and reliable plant leaf diseases classification. The proposed method starts by converting input images of plant leaves from RGB to CIE LAB coordinates. Then, L and AB channels go into separate branches along with the first three layers of a modified Inception V3 architecture. This approach saves from 1/3 to 1/2 of the parameters in the separated branches. It also provides better classification reliability when perturbing the original RGB images with several types of noise (salt and pepper, blurring, motion blurring and occlusions). These types of noise simulate common image variability found in the natural environment. We hypothesize that the filters in the AB branch provide better resistance to these types of variability due to their relatively low frequency in the image-space domain.

© 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Experiencing negative emotional states during pregnancy has been linked to adverse outcomes for mother and offspring. Our study aims were to compare the perinatal emotional states and obstetrical variables between pregnant women recruited in Spain (n = 202) and Italy (n = 103), and to investigate prenatal anxiety related factors. The study had two phases. In the 1st phase (3rd trimester of pregnancy), prenatal anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); other prenatal and sociodemographic variables were also collected. In the 2nd phase (40 days postpartum), the STAI and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were administered. Compared to the Spanish sample, the Italian sample presented higher STAI state and STAI factor 1 mean scores (22.5 vs. 18.6 and 10.0 vs. 7.2), shorter gestations (mean gestation weeks: 39.1 vs. 39.8), more unplanned pregnancies (31.1% vs. 16.4%), and more cesareans deliveries (42.5% vs. 16.0%). Low socioeconomic levels, younger ages, previous miscarriages and unplanned pregnancies were related to prenatal anxiety. Postpartum depression rates was 31.3% and there were no differences between countries. Our results suggested that it may be interesting in both countries to create a prenatal monitoring protocol that attaches more importance to emotional wellbeing both during pregnancy and in the long term.

Objective To explore the barriers to and facilitators of healthcare professionals’ implementation of SDM regarding screening programmes. Method A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINHAL, and PsyscInfo. The barriers and facilitators identified were classified into three factors based on their origin: patients, healthcare system performance, and healthcare professionals themselves. Results Eight studies were selected: seven related to cancer screening. The most significant facilitators were literacy and interest in active participation, both of which have their origins in patients. The most significant barriers identified for the first time in a systematic review were legal conflict, lack of remuneration and lack of flexibility in clinical guidelines in screening programmes. Conclusion The results of this study show that there are differences between barriers and facilitators for SDM when it is applied in the context of healthy people who perform preventive activities, particularly screening, in contrast to general medical consultation contexts.

[No abstract available]

© 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. The COVID-19 pandemic, and its consequent self-isolation, has imposed changes on various aspects of people's lifestyle. The present study aims at exploring the effect of these lifestyle changes on the content people share on their social media pages. To do so, we analysed Instagram posts containing the hashtag #viewfromquarantine which is promoted by the ‘National Geographic’ on a global scale. Adaptation to the new lifestyle, self-expression, and social issues were identified as the main issues shared by people during this time of pandemic.