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1. Development of an agent-based model incorporating Function–Behavior–Structure framework to enable systems engineering design process evaluation.

Author

Bott, Mitch and Mesmer, Bryan

Subjects
*ENGINEERING design, *SYSTEMS engineering, *SYSTEMS design, *AXIOMS
Abstract

An important step in the development of any process is evaluation. Evaluation ensures that the process affects effectiveness, efficiency, or other metrics as designed. Without evaluation, processes must stand solely on the theories, axioms, and/or heuristics that formed them. Outcome or objectives-based evaluations are especially useful in seeing if the expected impact is realized. Systems and design engineering present problems for outcome evaluations due to system design efforts being long in duration, expensive, organization/team specific, and environment/context specific. These characteristics make repeating the same effort under the same conditions using different processes difficult, if not impossible. While a comparison of processes for evaluation in a real application may not be feasible, a simulation of the processes with agents that capture system design behaviors may produce findings to support hypotheses. This paper examines the use of agent-based modeling and simulation to compare pseudo-waterfall and pseudo-agile engineering processes for a simple design problem. The Function–Behavior–Structure (FBS) model of design is used along with empirical data from FBS studies to examine the performance of a two-person design team using pseudo-waterfall and pseudo-agile engineering processes. The results of this exercise show possible advantages of agile-like processes in total time to complete the design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. ANALYSIS OF THE ORGANIZATION AND PROVISION OF FIREFIGHTING ACTIVITIES AND PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION DURING DISASTERS AND ACCIDENTS.

Author

Marchev, Georgi

Subjects
COMMAND & control at fires, EMERGENCY management, GLOBAL warming & the environment, DEFORESTATION, ATMOSPHERIC temperature
Abstract

This article is the first part of a complex scientific study aimed at analyzing all components in the process of protecting the population from disasters and accidents and proposing a logistic system aimed at improving the response and effectiveness of the actions of the services responsible for this protection. More specifically, we focused on fires and fire fighting, as a key factor in environmental protection. Global warming is an undeniable fact that has been talked about and written about a lot in the last 30 years. According to UN experts, the next increase in global air temperature during the 21st century may reach from 1.5° C to 4° C. The current trend of global warming is the result of the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to burning of fuel minerals, agricultural activities and deforestation (Vladev, I., 2023). According to the study by William et all (2023), the total amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere in the last 30 years alone has increased by 62% or from 24gt in 1990 to 39gt in 2020. As we know deforestation is mainly caused by fires. The contribution of this factor to the total emission of carbon dioxide for 1985 was 24.6% according to Vronsky, V. (2000). So, the problem of timely detection and extinguishing of fires is serious. In order to create a more effective logistics system, it is required to first analyze the types of fires, the reasons for their occurrence and to define all the elements of the system related to extinguishing and liquidating their consequences. The analysis of the fire situation in the forests of Bulgaria for the last 30 years shows a sharp increase in the number, size of burned areas and their intensity. From the analysis made according to (Report on the state of national security of the Republic of Bulgaria, 2018) two main factors stand out for the increase in fires: - Climate changes, aggravated by anthropogenic activity; - Human intervention - fires caused by deliberate arson or negligence (Grigorov, 2020). The statistics of the last 30 years unambiguously show that over 80% of all forest fires in Bulgaria are the result of human activity, including - the burning of stubble and pastures, which are the cause of 34% of the fires that occurred. On average, no more than 2.5% of the fires in the forest territories were caused naturally by lightning. The proven anthropogenic nature of over 80% of fires necessitates the categorization of forests near settlements, especially in densely populated parts of the country, as high risk from a fire point of view. The systematic analysis described in the article gives us the basis to draw conclusions and findings on the basis of which to define the main elements of the logistics system, subject to further development and modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

4. Multiscale viscous and non-viscous deformation of bulk & thin film systems via improved nanoindentation methodology

Author

Shah, Abdul Khaliq

Subjects
620, General engineering
Abstract

Nanoindentation is a technique for studying multiscale contact deformation. Over the years, different investigators have made improvements to it’s methodologies. In this thesis, the current Oliver and Pharr’s (1992), Fujisawa and Swain (2006) and Feng’s (2002) unloading methodologies are examined, and novel robust characterisation methodologies proposed. For any nanoindenter machine, the exact configuration including; actuator/transducer electronics and control strategies, machine calibrations etc., and the corrections associated with thermal drift, initial contact, sink-in and pile- up still limit the acquisition of consistent data. Additionally, variations in the output data are related to material characteristics and geometrical effects such as; indenter area function, surface roughness, thin film thickness, the tilt of the surface, indentation size effects etc. The main goal of the work described in the thesis was to address these factors in the characterisation methods, as for all materials, reliability and reproducibility becomes inherent, including for more challenging viscous/polymeric materials and at low load responses, where the measured properties, such as hardness and elastic modulus, can be time-dependent. In seeking to unify the different approaches, for viscous/polymeric materials and low load testing, the well- established unloading methodologies were further developed. Previous methods treat the unloading to be fully elastic. However, a plastic correction is proposed at the point where the delayed plasticity cease. For low load testing, a datum correction is implemented according to a parameter, the Roughness Depth Limit (RDL), which aids in splitting the deformation for determining the correct contact area. The author’s DU method is demonstrated to characterise various material types at any test condition in one-cycle. Above RDL, the method compared remarkably well to tensile testing, for several material types. Results for viscous/polymeric materials, were consistent with the well- established unloading methodologies and also with hold- time methodologies. Other novel models, for thin film characterisation, were applied and found to fit precisely the DU method data, i.e. the elastic modulus as a function of depth, for substrate independent properties. With further work the method has the potential to form the basis of a formal standard for polymer characterisation which is still needed in today's industry.

Published
2020

5. Polyp segmentation in colonoscopy images with convolutional neural networks

Author

Guo, YunBo

Subjects
616.3, General engineering
Abstract

The thesis looks at approaches to segmentation of polyps in colonoscopy images. The aim was to investigate and develop methods that are robust, accurate and computationally efficient and which can compete with the current state-of-the-art in polyp segmentation. Colorectal cancer is one of the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. To decrease mortality, an assessment of polyp malignancy is performed during colonoscopy examination so polyps can be removed at an early stage. In current routine clinical practice, polyps are detected and delineated manually in colonoscopy images by highly trained clinicians. To automate these processes, machine learning and computer vision techniques have been utilised. They have been shown to improve polyp detectability and segmentation objectivity. However, polyp segmentation is a very challenging task due to inherent variability of polyp morphology and colonoscopy image appearance. This research considers a range of approaches to polyp segmentation – seeking out those that offer a best compromise between accuracy and computational complexity. Based on analysis of existing machine learning and polyp image segmentation techniques, a novel hybrid deep learning segmentation method is proposed to alleviate the impact of the above stated challenges on polyp segmentation. The method consists of two fully convolutional networks. The first proposed network is based on a compact architecture with large receptive fields and multiple classification paths. The method performs well on most images, accurately segmenting polyps of diverse morphology and appearance. However, this network is prone to misdetection of very small polyps. To solve this problem, a second network is proposed, which primarily aims to improve sensitivity to small polyp details by emphasising low-level image features. In order to fully utilise information contained in the available training dataset, comprehensive data augmentation techniques are adopted. To further improve the performance of the proposed segmentation methods, test-time data augmentation is also implemented. A comprehensive multi-criterion analysis of the proposed methods is provided. The result demonstrates that the new methodology has better accuracy and robustness than the current state-of-the-art, as proven by the outstanding performance at the 2017 and 2018 GIANA polyp segmentation challenges.

Published
2019

6. CEOs Showing Humanity: Seemingly Generic Human Care Statements in Conference Calls and Stock Market Performance during Crisis

Author

Howe, Lauren; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4555-4851, Giurge, Laura M, Wagner, Alexander; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9796-8821, Menges, Jochen; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8689-409X, Howe, Lauren; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4555-4851, Giurge, Laura M, Wagner, Alexander; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9796-8821, and Menges, Jochen; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8689-409X

Abstract

Conference calls provide opportunities for CEOs to inform market participants (i.e., financial analysts and investors) about their companies’ prospects. Much research has focused on how CEOs speak about business-related topics in these calls, yet surprisingly the literature has not considered how statements that go beyond financial information affect market participants. When we explored archival data of how CEOs of publicly traded U.S.-based companies from the Russell 3000 Index spoke about COVID-19 in conference calls as the pandemic began in 2020, we noticed that about half of CEOs made human care statements that expressed a concern for people, with seemingly little direct financial relevance. However, although these statements were largely generic, vague expressions rather than clear plans, we discovered that the more such statements CEOs made, the better their companies fared on the stock market when stock prices tumbled globally. Follow-up explorations unveiled a negative association between CEO human care statements and stock volatility, meaning that market participants discounted these companies’ future earnings less. Our explorations suggest that it pays off for CEOs to go beyond mere financial information and show some humanity, with implications for downstream theorizing about CEO impression management.

Published
2024

7. Weber’s Law of perception is a consequence of resolving the intensity of natural scintillating light and sound with the least possible error

Author

Pednekar, Shourav, Krishnadas, Arun, Cho, Byunggu, Makris, Nicholas C., Pednekar, Shourav, Krishnadas, Arun, Cho, Byunggu, and Makris, Nicholas C.

Abstract

Efficient resolution of natural light and sound intensity is essential for organisms, systems and machines that rely on visual and auditory sensory perception to survive or function effectively in their environment. This resolution obeys Weber’s Law when the smallest resolvable change, a just-noticeable-difference, grows in direct proportion to the stimulus. Here, Weber’s Law is found to be a consequence of attaining the theoretical minimum mean-square error possible, the Cramer–Rao lower bound, in resolving the intensity of naturally scintillating light and sound. The finding is based on statistics from thousands of measurements of naturally scintillating environmental light and sound signals. Remarkably, just-noticeable-differences in light and sound intensity measured over decades of psychophysical experiments with artificial sources are also found to approximately attain the respective Cramer–Rao lower bounds. Human intensity resolution is in this way optimally adapted to the natural scintillation of light and sound. Pattern recognition by simple matched-filter correlation between measured and hypothetical images cancels natural scintillation. For intensity perception obeying Weber’s Law, this is found to be advantageous and statistically optimal because perceived scintillation is independent of the underlying signal pattern. A small visual patch change or acoustic signature truncation is shown to be lost in natural signal-dependent fluctuations if perception with constant intensity resolution is attempted.

Published
2024

8. Output-weighted sampling for multi-armed bandits with extreme payoffs

Author

Yang, Yibo, Blanchard, Antoine, Sapsis, Themistoklis, Perdikaris, Paris, Yang, Yibo, Blanchard, Antoine, Sapsis, Themistoklis, and Perdikaris, Paris

Abstract

We present a new type of acquisition function for online decision-making in multi-armed and contextual bandit problems with extreme payoffs. Specifically, we model the payoff function as a Gaussian process and formulate a novel type of upper confidence bound acquisition function that guides exploration towards the bandits that are deemed most relevant according to the variability of the observed rewards. This is achieved by computing a tractable likelihood ratio that quantifies the importance of the output relative to the inputs and essentially acts as anattention mechanismthat promotes exploration of extreme rewards. Our formulation is supported by asymptotic zero-regret guarantees, and its performance is demonstrated across several synthetic benchmarks, as well as two realistic examples involving noisy sensor network data. Finally, we provide a JAX library for efficient bandit optimization using Gaussian processes.

Published
2024

9. Analysis and mitigation of spatial integration errors for the material point method

Author

Baumgarten, Aaron S., Kamrin, Ken, Baumgarten, Aaron S., and Kamrin, Ken

Abstract

The material point method (MPM) is a robust numerical simulation approach for continuum mechanics problems involving large material deformations coupled to changing surface topographies. These types of problems are present in many different engineering contexts, from understanding the failure processes of earthen slopes to predicting the strengths and failure mechanisms of body armor to modeling the impact forces of waves in fluid tanks. By using a set of persistent material point tracers to follow the motion and deformation of the continuum material while solving the equations of motion on a static simulation grid, the MPM avoids several shortcomings of more traditional numerical approaches including blurring of material surfaces — as in Eulerian finite element or finite volume methods (FEMs or FVMs) — and mesh tangling — as in Lagrangian FEMs. Despite its robustness, MPM is known to develop significant numerical errors: namely, (i) the particle ringing instability and (ii) solution dependent discretization and integration errors. In this work, we present an analysis of local‐in‐time, spatial integration errors in the MPM and several techniques designed to mitigate these errors. Error mitigation approaches previously described in the literature are compared to a new method we propose for problems involving very large material deformations. The proposed method is shown to offer substantial improvement over standard MPM for simulations of fluid‐like materials without requiring significant augmentation of existing MPM frameworks.

Published
2024

10. Optimal criteria and their asymptotic form for data selection in data-driven reduced-order modelling with Gaussian process regression

Author

Sapsis, Themistoklis P., Blanchard, Antoine, Sapsis, Themistoklis P., and Blanchard, Antoine

Abstract

We derive criteria for the selection of datapoints used for data-driven reduced-order modelling and other areas of supervised learning based on Gaussian process regression (GPR). While this is a well-studied area in the fields of active learning and optimal experimental design, most criteria in the literature are empirical. Here we introduce an optimality condition for the selection of a new input defined as the minimizer of the distance between the approximated output probability density function (pdf) of the reduced-order model and the exact one. Given that the exact pdf is unknown, we define the selection criterion as the supremum over the unit sphere of the native Hilbert space for the GPR. The resulting selection criterion, however, has a form that is difficult to compute. We combine results from GPR theory and asymptotic analysis to derive a computable form of the defined optimality criterion that is valid in the limit of small predictive variance. The derived asymptotic form of the selection criterion leads to convergence of the GPR model that guarantees a balanced distribution of data resources between probable and large-deviation outputs, resulting in an effective way of sampling towards data-driven reduced-order modelling.

Published
2024

11. Development of a cellulose-based 96-well plate vertical flow pull-down assay

Author

Cheng, Hoi Lok, Jia, Huan, Lim, Sing Mei, Ng, Say Yong, Kongsuphol, Patthara, McBee, Megan E., Sikes, Hadley D., Cheng, Hoi Lok, Jia, Huan, Lim, Sing Mei, Ng, Say Yong, Kongsuphol, Patthara, McBee, Megan E., and Sikes, Hadley D.

Abstract

The abundance and low production cost of biomaterial cellulose paper have attracted attention for many applications. Point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic tests have been successfully developed using patterned cellulose paper. Although PoC diagnostic tests are rapid and simple to perform, their sample processing throughput is limited, allowing for only one sample to be evaluated at a time, which restricts potential applications. Thus, it was appealing to expand cellulose-based PoC tests to high-throughput versions to increase their applicability. Here, we present the development of a high-throughput cellulose-based 96-well plate vertical flow pull-down assay that can process 96 tests, is easy to prepare, and can be customized for different detection targets. The device has two key features: (i) patterned cellulose paper for 96 tests that do not require pre-immobilization of capturing reagents, and (ii) reusable sturdy housing. We believe that a variety of applications, including laboratory testing, population surveillance tests, and sizable clinical trials for diagnostic tests, can benefit from the adoption of this cellulose-based 96-well plate assay., National Research Foundation Singapore; Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre

Published
2024

12. A data-driven method for automated data superposition with applications in soft matter science

Author

Lennon, Kyle R., McKinley, Gareth H., Swan, James W., Lennon, Kyle R., McKinley, Gareth H., and Swan, James W.

Abstract

The superposition of data sets with internal parametric self-similarity is a longstanding and widespread technique for the analysis of many types of experimental data across the physical sciences. Typically, this superposition is performed manually, or recently through the application of one of a few automated algorithms. However, these methods are often heuristic in nature, are prone to user bias via manual data shifting or parameterization, and lack a native framework for handling uncertainty in both the data and the resulting model of the superposed data. In this work, we develop a data-driven, nonparametric method for superposing experimental data with arbitrary coordinate transformations, which employs Gaussian process regression to learn statistical models that describe the data, and then uses maximum a posteriori estimation to optimally superpose the data sets. This statistical framework is robust to experimental noise and automatically produces uncertainty estimates for the learned coordinate transformations. Moreover, it is distinguished from black-box machine learning in its interpretability—specifically, it produces a model that may itself be interrogated to gain insight into the system under study. We demonstrate these salient features of our method through its application to four representative data sets characterizing the mechanics of soft materials. In every case, our method replicates results obtained using other approaches, but with reduced bias and the addition of uncertainty estimates. This method enables a standardized, statistical treatment of self-similar data across many fields, producing interpretable data-driven models that may inform applications such as materials classification, design, and discovery.

Published
2024

13. Atomic layer-by-layer etching of graphene directly grown on SrTiO3 substrates for high-yield remote epitaxy and lift-off

Author

Kim, Ki Seok, Kang, Ji Eun, Chen, Peng, Kim, Sungkyu, Ji, Jongho, Yeom, Geun Young, Kim, Jeehwan, Kum, Hyun S., Kim, Ki Seok, Kang, Ji Eun, Chen, Peng, Kim, Sungkyu, Ji, Jongho, Yeom, Geun Young, Kim, Jeehwan, and Kum, Hyun S.

Abstract

Epitaxial lift-off techniques, which aim to separate ultrathin single-crystalline epitaxial layers off of the substrate, are becoming increasingly important due to the need of lightweight and flexible devices for heterogeneously integrated ultracompact semiconductor platforms and bioelectronics. Remote epitaxy is a relatively newly discovered epitaxial lift-off technique that allows substrate-seeded epitaxial growth of ultrathin films through few layers of graphene. This universal epitaxial lift-off technique allows freestanding single-crystal membrane fabrication very quickly at low cost. However, the conventional method of remote epitaxy requires transfer of graphene grown on another substrate to the target single-crystalline substrate, which results in organic and metallic residues as well as macroscopic defects such as cracks and wrinkles, significantly reducing the yield of remote epitaxy. Here, we show that direct growth of thick graphene on the target single-crystalline substrate (SrTiO3 for this study) followed by atomic layer etching (ALE) of the graphene layers create a defect- and residue-free graphene surface for high yield remote epitaxy. We find that the ALE efficiently removes one atomic layer of graphene per cycle, while also clearing multi-dots (clumps of carbon atoms) that form during nucleation of the graphene layers. Our results show that direct-grown graphene on the desired substrate accompanied by ALE might potentially be an ideal pathway toward commercialization of remote epitaxy.

Published
2024

14. An Effective Med-VQA Method Using a Transformer with Weights Fusion of Multiple Fine-Tuned Models

Author

Al-Hadhrami, Suheer, Menai, Mohamed El Bachir, Al-Ahmadi, Saad, Alnafessah, Ahmad, Al-Hadhrami, Suheer, Menai, Mohamed El Bachir, Al-Ahmadi, Saad, and Alnafessah, Ahmad

Abstract

Visual question answering (VQA) is a task that generates or predicts an answer to a question in human language about visual images. VQA is an active field combining two AI branches: NLP and computer vision. VQA in the medical field is still at an early stage, and it needs vast efforts and exploration to reach practical usage. This paper proposes two models that are utilized in the latest vision and NLP transformers that outperform the SOTA and have not yet been utilized in medical VQA. The ELECTRA-base transformer is used for textual feature extraction, whereas SWIN is used for visual feature extraction. In the SOTA medical VQA, selecting the model is based on the model that achieves the highest validation accuracy or the last model in training. The first proposed model, the best-value-based model, is selected based on the highest validation accuracy. The second model, the greedy-soup-based model, uses a greedy soup technique based on the fusion of multiple fine-tuned models to set the model parameters. The greedy soup selects the model parameters by fusing the model parameters that have significant performance on the validation accuracy in training. The greedy-soup-based model outperforms the best-value-based model, and both proposed models outperform the SOTA, which has an accuracy of 83.49%. The greedy-soup-based model is optimized with batch size and learning rate. During the optimization, seven extra models exceed the SOTA accuracy. The best model trained with a learning rate of 1.0×10−4 and batch size 16 achieves an accuracy of 87.41%.

Published
2024

15. A Rapid Control Prototyping and Hardware-in-the Loop Approach for Upper Limb Robotic Exoskeletons Control

Author

Bodo, Giulia, Tessari, Federico, Buccelli, Stefano, Laffranchi, Matteo, Bodo, Giulia, Tessari, Federico, Buccelli, Stefano, and Laffranchi, Matteo

Abstract

In the last decade, robotic-mediated rehabilitation has emerged as a potential solution to improve repetitive task training. Each device in this field has a unique development history shaped by engineers’ expertise in specific programming languages or platforms. In this work we adopt an approach that tries to abstract from the final implementation with the aim to make control logic more shareable and understandable. The authors will present the outcomes of the application of a Rapid Control Prototyping strategy to an upper-limb robotic exoskeleton. A model-based design approach implemented on a real-time target machine is presented. This modern design approach was explored with several control strategies and was used to test the exoskeleton’s performances. The proposed method highlights how it is possible to develop the entire control architecture in a single programming environment.

Published
2024

16. Remote 1,4-Carbon-to-Carbon Boryl Migration: From a Mechanistic Challenge to a Valuable Synthetic Application of Bicycles

Author

Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Dominguez-Molano P; Solé-Daura A; Carbó JJ; Fernández E, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Dominguez-Molano P; Solé-Daura A; Carbó JJ; Fernández E

Abstract

The present paper reports a remote carbon-to-carbon boryl migration via an intramolecular 1,4-B/Cu shift, which establishes an in situ stereospecific electrophilic trap on the alkene moiety. The synthetic application is developed to prepare functionalized cyclopentenes by means of a palladium-catalyzed regioselective intramolecular coupling that completes a strategic cyclopropanation and generates valuable structural bicyclic systems. The mechanism is characterized by DFT (density functional theory) calculations which showed that the 1,4-migration proceeds through an intramolecular, nucleophilic attack of the copper-alkyl moiety on the boron atom bonded to the C(sp2), leading to a 5-membered boracycle structure. The computation of the 1,3- and 1,4-B/Cu shifts is also compared as is the impact of the endo- or exocyclic alkene on the reaction kinetics.The intramolecular 1,4-B/Cu shift justifies the observed remote carbon-to-carbon boryl migration, which makes stereoselective electrophilic trapping on the alkene moiety possible. Subsequent palladium-catalyzed regioselective intramolecular coupling enables functionalized cyclopentenes to be prepared that complete strategic cyclopropanation and deliver structurally valuable bicyclic systems. DFT mechanistic studies show that remote boryl migration occurs efficiently through 5-membered boracycle intermediates. image

Published
2024

17. FGR-Net: Interpretable fundus image gradeability classification based on deep reconstruction learning

Author

Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Khalid, S; Rashwan, HA; Abdulwahab, S; Abdel-Nasser, M; Quiroga, FM; Puig, D, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Khalid, S; Rashwan, HA; Abdulwahab, S; Abdel-Nasser, M; Quiroga, FM; Puig, D

Abstract

The performance of diagnostic Computer-Aided Design (CAD) systems for retinal diseases depends on the quality of the retinal images being screened. Thus, many studies have been developed to evaluate and assess the quality of such retinal images. However, most of them did not investigate the relationship between the accuracy of the developed models and the quality of the visualization of interpretability methods for distinguishing between gradable and non-gradable retinal images. Consequently, this paper presents a novel framework called “FGR-Net” to automatically assess and interpret underlying fundus image quality by merging an autoencoder network with a classifier network. The FGR-Net model also provides an interpretable quality assessment through visualizations. In particular, FGR-Net uses a deep autoencoder to reconstruct the input image in order to extract the visual characteristics of the input fundus images based on self-supervised learning. The extracted features by the autoencoder are then fed into a deep classifier network to distinguish between gradable and ungradable fundus images. FGR-Net is evaluated with different interpretability methods, which indicates that the autoencoder is a key factor in forcing the classifier to focus on the relevant structures of the fundus images, such as the fovea, optic disk, and prominent blood vessels. Additionally, the interpretability methods can provide visual feedback for ophthalmologists to understand how our model evaluates the quality of fundus images. The experimental results showed the superiority of FGR-Net over the state-of-the-art quality assessment methods, with an accuracy of >89% and an F1-score of >87%. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/saifalkh/FGR-Net.

Published
2024

18. Social Anxiety and Self Efficacy as Predictors of Social Media Addiction in Adolescents

Author

Yasemin KAYGAS, Mehmet ŞAM, Yildiz Burcu DOĞAN, Ceyda YALÇIN AĞAOĞLU, Ali SONKUR, and Esra EKER DURMUŞ

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada ergenlerin sosyal medya bağımlılığının yordayıcıları olarak sosyal kaygı, akademik öz yeterlik, sosyal öz yeterlik, duygusal öz yeterlik değişkenlerinin rolü incelenmiştir. Yöntem: Araştırma betimsel tarama yöntemlerinden olan ilişkisel tarama yöntemi kullanılarak ortaokul öğrencileriyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 7. ve 8. sınıf düzeyinde eğitime devam eden 532 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda verileri toplamak için ‘Ergenler İçin Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği’ ‘Ergenler İçin Sosyal Kaygı Ölçeği’ ‘Çocuklar İçin Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği’ ve ‘Kişisel Bilgi Formu’ kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre sosyal medya bağımlılığı ile sosyal kaygı arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki, sosyal medya bağımlılığı ile akademik öz yeterlik, sosyal öz yeterlik ve duygusal öz yeterlik arasında ise negatif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yapılan çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre ergenlerin sosyal kaygı, akademik öz yeterlik ve sosyal öz yeterlik puanlarının sosyal medya bağımlılığının anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu ancak duygusal öz yeterlik puanlarının sosyal medya bağımlılığının anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olmadığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç: Ergenlerin sosyal medya bağımlılıkları sosyal kaygı, akademik ve sosyal öz yeterlik değişkenleri ile açıklanabilmektedir. Araştırma bulguları başka araştırma bulguları eşliğinde tartılmış, araştırma sonuçlarından hareketli uygulayıcı ve araştırmacılara önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Published
2023

19. Evaluation of Individuals Applying to a Smoking Cessation Clinic at a Family Health Center

Author

Onur ÖZTÜRK, Erdinç YAVUZ, Mikail ÖZDEMİR, and Arzu AYRALER

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Aile Sağlığı Merkezinde, eş zamanlı tanımlanmış ve faaliyet göstermiş olması yönüyle Türkiye’de az sayıda karşılaşılan bir sigara bıraktırma kliniğinin geriye dönük veri analizinin yapılması ve birinci basamak perspektifinden değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma kesitsel özelliktedir. Sigara bıraktırma kliniğinin Temmuz 2016- Eylül 2019 tarihleri arasındaki verileri otomasyon sistemi üzerinden taranmıştır. Kliniğe başvuran 18 yaş ve üzerindeki tüm bireylerin demografik özellikleri, bağımlılık seviye skorları, karbon monoksit düzeyleri, görüşme sayıları, tedavileri ve başarı durumları araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Toplamda 191 bireyle 503 kez görüşülmüştür. Bireylerin yaş ortalaması 39,4 ± 12,8 yıl olup %83,3 (n=159)’ü erkektir. Bir yıllık sigarayı bırakma oranı %69,8 (n=74)’dir. Görüşme sayısındaki artışın sigara bırakmayı arttırdığı saptanmıştır. Görüşme sayısı ve karbonmonoksit miktarı arasında zayıf ve pozitif yönlü (r=0,17, p=0,02), yaş ve karbonmonoksit miktarı arasında zayıf bir korelasyon tespit edilmiştir (r=0,35, p

Published
2023

20. Mindfulness, Psychological Well-being, Social Media Use, and Internet Use Time among Adolescents: A Structural Equation Modeling

Author

Mahmut EVLİ, Eda ALBAYRAK, Nuray ŞİMŞEK, and Nurcan UZDİL

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Objective: Psychological well-being is a concept associated with mindfulness and the use of social media. Limited information is available in the literature on the nature of this relationship and the underlying intermediary mechanisms. We also aimed to determine the mediator role of social media use and time spent online in the association between mindfulness and psychological well-being. Method: This study included 429 teenagers. Data was collected through introductory information form, social media use scale, psychological well-being scale, and mindful attention awareness scale. Structural equation modeling method was used in the analysis of the data. Results: A significant positive correlation was found between mindfulness and psychological well-being, and a significant negative correlation was found between mindfulness and time spent online. Social media use did not play a mediator’s role in the correlation between mindfulness and psychological well-being, while the daily time spent online played a mediator’s role. Conclusion: As mindfulness increases in adolescents, psychological well-being increases and the time spent on the internet decreases. While the use of social media does not have a mediating role in the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being, the time spent on the internet has a mediating effect. Future research should be conducted with different groups and variables on the impact of social media use on psychological well-being and mindfulness.

Published
2023

21. Dijital bağımlılık, ortaokul öğrencileri, güvenirlik, geçerlilik

Author

Cihangir KAÇMAZ, Birgül CUMURCU, and Osman Tayyar ÇELİK

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı Çocuklar için Dijital Bağımlılık Ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanmasını, psikometrik analizlerle güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışmasının yapılmasıdır. Yöntem: Araştırma, uygun örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak 165’i kız, 161’i erkek olmak üzere 326 ortaokul öğrencisiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dil geçerliği çalışmasından sonra doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile ölçeğin yapısı incelenmiş, benzer ölçek geçerliği ve madde ayırt edicilik gücü test edilmiştir. Ayrıca Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: Analizler sonucunda kişiler arası ilişkiler ve içe dönük faktörler olmak üzere ölçeğin iki faktörlü yapısı doğrulanmıştır. %27’lik alt ve üst guruplar için madde ayırt edicilik gücünün ve madde toplam test korelasyonlarının yüksek olduğu, benzer ölçek geçerliği kapsamında uygulanana “Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığı” ölçeği puanları ile korelasyonun yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayısı kişiler arası ilişkiler için ,84 içe dönük faktörler için ,85 ve ölçeğin geneli için ,90 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç: Çocuklar için Dijital Bağımlılık Ölçeğinin Türkiye’de ortaokul öğrencilerinin dijital bağımlılıklarını ölçmek amacıyla geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçektir.

Published
2023

22. Evaluation of the Opinions of the Parents with Disabled and Healthy Children about Third Hand Smoke

Author

Serkan KÖKSOY and Belkıs CAN

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Objective: The objectives of this study were to assess the opinions of parents with disabled children (PDC) and parents with healthy children (PHC) about thirdhand smoke (THS). Method: This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. Study data were collected from the province of Burdur between October and November 2022. Data collection form consists of sociodemographic form, Beliefs about Thirdhand Smoke Scale (BATHS) and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Results: Totally 365 (100%) people participated in the study, 99 (27.1%) of which were PDC and 266 (72.9%) of which were PHC. A statistical difference was found between the BATHS health and BATHS persistence means of PDC and PHC. The existence of rules about not smoking in the environment they live in was in a way that there is a rule for 62 (63%) people, partially there is a rule for 10 (10%) people and no rule for 27 (27%) people for the PDC. For the PHC, it was 138 (51.9%), 43 (16.2%), and 85 (31.9%) (respectively). Conclusion: The means of BATHS health and BATHS persistence in PDC were lower than the mean of PHC. In the whole population; BATHS (including its sub-dimensions) scores were associated with participants' economic and educational status. More than half of the population had rules prohibiting tobacco use in their residence. The existence of these rules was higher in PDC. In particular, the opinions of the PDC on THS should be intervened with basic public health approaches and they should be provided with sufficient information on the subject.

Published
2023

23. Madde Kullanım Bozukluğu Tanılı Bireylerde Yeme Bozuklukları, Duygusal Yeme ve Depresyon Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Author

Irmak AYGÜL, Muzaffer ŞAHİN, and Başak ÜNÜBOL

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmada madde kullanım bozukluğu, duygusal yeme, yeme bozuklukları ve depresyon arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmaya madde kullanım bozukluğu teşhisiyle ayaktan veya yatarak tedavi gören 100 deney ve 100 kontrol katılımcısı olmak üzere toplamda 200 kişi dahil edilmiştir. Vaka alımı SBÜ Erenköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi’nde yapılmıştır. Bireylere Bağımlılık Profil İndeksi Özbildirim Formu, Duygusal Yeme Ölçeği, Rezzy Yeme Bozuklukları Ölçeği ve Beck Depresyon Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmanın tüm örneklemi 28-37 yaş aralığında (%37) yoğunlaşmıştır. Madde kullanım bozukluğu tanılı bireylerde eğitim seviyesi düzeyinin ve evli, çocuk sahibi ve psikiyatrik-psikolojik tedavi görmüş olma oranlarının, sağlıklı bireylere göre daha düşük olduğu bulunmuştur. Madde kullanım bozukluğuna sahip bireylerde duygusal yeme, yeme bozukluğu geliştirme ve depresyon seviyesi madde kullanım şiddetinin yaklaşık %84,8’ini açıklamaktadır. Madde kullanım şiddetiyle; duygusal yeme, yeme bozukluğu geliştirme ve depresyon seviyesi arasında pozitif yönlü, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkinin varlığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Madde kullanım bozukluğu tanılı bireylerde duygusal yeme, yeme bozukluğu geliştirme ve depresyon seviyesi sağlıklı bireylere göre daha yüksektir. Bağımlılık tedavisi sürecinde, duygusal yeme ve yeme bozukluğu gibi durumların göz önünde bulundurulması önemlidir.

Published
2023

24. Siber Pornografi Kullanım Envanteri-9’un Türkçe Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Author

Hüseyin ÜNÜBOL, Başak ÜNÜBOL, Aylin TUTGUN-ÜNAL, and Gökben HIZLI SAYAR

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, Grubbs ve arkadaşları tarafından geliştirilen Siber Pornografi Kullanım Envanteri-9’un (SPKE-9) Türkçe formunun dil eşdeğerliği, geçerlilik ve güvenirliğinin incelenmesidir. Yöntem: SPKE-9 Türkiye genelinde 4390 kişiden oluşan bir çalışma grubuna uygulanmıştır. Envanter “Kesinlikle Katılmıyorum” ile “Kesinlikle Katılıyorum” aralığında yedili likert tipinde derecelendirilmekte ve bireylerin siber porno kullanım seviyesini ölçmektedir. SPKE-9’un İngilizce ve Türkçe formu arasındaki uyumu incelemek için yapılan Pearson korelasyon katsayıları sonucunda pozitif ve anlamlı değerlere ulaşılmıştır. Bulgular: Orijinali 3 faktörden oluşan envanterin yapı geçerliliğini sağlamak için yapılan faktör analizi sonucunda Türkçe formunda da aynı yapının geçerli ortaya çıkmıştır. Birinci faktör olan “Algılanan Zorlanma” varyansın %47,57’sini, ikinci faktör olan “Duygusal Sıkıntı” varyansın %24,23’ünü, üçüncü faktör olan “Erişim Çabaları” varyansın %10,72’sini açıklamaktadır. Toplam 9 maddeden oluşan üç faktörlü yapı toplam varyansın %82,53’ünü açıklamıştır. Ayrıca yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde üç faktör SPKE-9’u doğrulanmıştır. Uyum iyiliği değerleri kabul edilebilir bulunmuştur (Ki-kare/serbestlik değeri: 3,97; RMSEA: 0,08; NFI: 0,95; NNFI: 0,93; CFI: 0,96; GFI:0,94; AGFI: 0,90). Ölçeğin iç tutarlılık katsayısı Cronbach Alfa değeri 0,84 bulunmuştur. Sonuç: “Siber Pornografi Kullanım Envanteri-9” (SPKE-9) Türkçe formunun geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olarak kullanılabileceği bulunmuştur.

Published
2023

25. Sigara İçen ve İçmeyen Gebelerde Prenatal Bağlanma Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması

Author

Zeynep KARTAL and Semra KOCATAŞ

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to compare prenatal attachment levels between smoker and non-smoker pregnant women. Method: In this comparative-descriptive study, a total of 160 pregnant women (80 smokers-80 non-smokers), who were between 18-35 years of age, had their first pregnancy, were at or above 20 weeks of gestation, and had no chronic health problems or communication problems, among the pregnant women who applied to Family Health Centers for pregnancy follow-up. The data were collected using a Participant Screening Form, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, Prenatal Attachment Inventory. Results: Although there was no significant difference, it was determined that the attachment scores of non-smokers were higher than those of smokers. A negative correlation was found between nicotine addiction levels and mother-infant attachment levels of pregnant smokers. Bivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the effect of smoking during pregnancy on prenatal mother-infant attachment (Odds Ratio=0.010; p=0.999) was insignificant. Conclusion: Although the effect of smoking during pregnancy on prenatal attachment was insignificant, it was revealed that the nicotine addiction of pregnant women who smoked during pregnancy reduced prenatal attachment. Strengthening prenatal attachment may be a promising new approach to interventions for smoking cessation during pregnancy. At the same time, not smoking during pregnancy can strengthen prenatal attachment.

Published
2023

26. Toplumun Madde Kullanım Bozukluğu Olan Kadınlara Yönelik Tutum ve Davranışları

Author

Gözde YILMAZ TUNCEL, Derya SASMAN KAYLI, and Gorkem YARARBAS

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, toplumun yasa dışı bağımlılık yapıcı madde kullanan kadınlara yönelik tutum ve davranışlarını tespit etmek ve bu tutumların sosyodemografik değişkenlerle ilişkisini incelemektir. Yöntem: Nicel yöntemle kesitsel türde gerçekleştirilmiş olan çalışmaya 18 yaş ve üzeri nüfus dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmada, sosyodemografik soruların yanı sıra literatür desteğiyle oluşturulmuş bağımlılık yapıcı madde kullanan kadınlara yönelik tutumları ele alan soru formu ve Bağımlılık Yapıcı Madde Kullanan Bireylere Yönelik Tutum ve Davranışlar Ölçeği (BYMT) kullanılmıştır. Çalışma Google Forms aracılığıyla ulaşılan 410 kişiyle online olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir ve katılımcıların %50’si kadın %50’si erkektir. Bulgular: Yasa dışı madde kullanan kadınlara yönelik erkeklerin daha fazla olumsuz tutum ve düşünceye sahip olduğu, eğitim düzeyi yükseldikçe olumsuz tutumların azaldığı ve 18 yaşına gelene kadar köyde veya ilçede yaşayan kişilerin ilde yaşayan kişilere kıyasla olumsuz tutumlarının daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yasa dışı madde kullanan bireylere yönelik olumsuz tutumlar arttıkça katılımcıların, yasa dışı madde kullanan kadınlar şiddeti hak eder, tedavi olmaları zordur, erkeklerin yasa dışı madde kullanımı daha kabul edilebilirdir düşüncelerine katılma düzeyleri de artmaktadır. Sonuç: Kadın bağımlılara yönelik damgalayıcı tutum ve davranışların, madde kullanım alanında kadınların görünürlüğünü azaltıp kadınların tedaviye başvurma süreçlerini olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Toplum temelli çalışmaların ve cinsiyet farklılıklarını göz önünde bulunduran psikososyal tedavi süreçlerin uygulanmasının madde bağımlılığı ile mücadeleye destek sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Published
2023

27. Sigara İçme Süresini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Süre Analizi: Türkiye Örneği

Author

Sibel SELİM and Sevgi SÜLÜKÇÜLER

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada amaç, 2012 ve 2019 yılları Türkiye Sağlık Araştırması Anketi verileri kullanılarak Türkiye’de bireylerin sigara içme süresi üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerin karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde analiz edilmesidir. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 2012 ve 2019 yılları Türkiye Sağlık Araştırması Anketi verilerinden faydalanılmış ve analizlerde 2012 yılında 5932 ve 2019 yılında 6833 birey ile çalışılmıştır. Kişilerin sigara içme süresini etkileyen faktörler; demografik, sosyo-ekonomik, kronik hastalıklar ve diğer değişkenler olmak üzere 4 temel kategoriye ayrılmış ve süre analizi yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, 2012 ve 2019 yıllarında kadınlar, erkeklere göre daha fazla süre sigara tüketmektedir. Eğitim ve gelir düzeyi arttıkça her iki yılda da katılımcıların sigara içme süresinin arttığı görülmektedir. Sigara içme nedenlerine göre her iki yıl için de merak, özenti, aile ve kişisel sorunlar ve arkadaş sebebiyle sigara içenlerin, nedensiz içicilere göre daha fazla süre tükettiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç: Her iki yıla ait bulgular baz alındığında; genel itibariyle demografik, sosyoekonomik, kronik hastalıklar ve sigaraya başlama nedeni değişkenlerinin sigara içme süresi üzerinde etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Kadınların erkeklere göre sigara içme süresi daha fazla olmakla birlikte; eğitim ve gelir düzeyi arttıkça sigara içme süresinin de arttığı gözlenmiştir.

Published
2023

29. Recent Developments in Nano-Formulations Against Diabetes

Author

Prasun Patra and Swaralipi Choudhury

Subjects
General Engineering, General Materials Science, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a life-threatening metabolic syndrome, but patient compliance is poor due to the pain and inconvenience caused by the subcutaneous injection of insulin and other macromolecular diabetic therapies. Current challenges in DM management are to optimize the use of available therapies and reduce complications. For clinical improvements, future therapies need to be easier to use, achieving tighter glycemic control, better safety profiles, and reduced manufacturing costs. The medical applications of nanotechnology are enormous and have been proven to be the best approach to improve compliance and clinical efficacy by overturning biopharmaceutical obstacles. Nanoformulations enhance the properties of conventional drugs and are specific to the targeted delivery site. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the application of nano-formulations in diabetes management. We analyze the current state of most of the available approaches which are in various stages of research and development. Herein, we review the developing role of nanotechnology in diabetes management and focus on the technologies that we feel are most likely to have an impact.

Published
2023

30. Dynamic modelling of compression ring conformability in high performance engines

Author

Dickinson, Matthew

Subjects
621.43, General engineering
Abstract

Internal combustion (IC) engines have been the predominant technology for sourcing or generating power for over 100 years. The fundamental function of engines has not changed since there first introduction. By combusting fuel within the chamber causes a pressure build from the expanding gasses pushing the piston assembly through the cylinder, this linear action is then translated to rotation through the crankshaft to generate work. During combustion the gasses will try to move past the piston and into the crankcase, to deter this from occurring piston rings are introduced. Thus rings are designed to be in tight contact to the cylinder wall, and is subject to friction and wear as it travels up and down the cylinder wall. When a new ring pack is introduced, a running-in process is required. This involves running the engine at a variation of speeds for set times, typically defined by the manufacturer. While this procedure is executed the compression ring will undergo a series of thermodynamic morphological stages, the material will change shape due to the heat from the combustion process and suffer material loss due to the friction wear between cylinder wall and ring face. This thesis examines the impact of the running-in method on the compression ring and its performance. The work presented shows a novel numerical method that offers the first simulated solution to compression ring rotation around the piston crown and its impact on the engine performance. This has been achieved by adopting simultaneously two modelling packages to compute dynamics and contact mechanics for a more accurate multiphysics result. Using this model a coating refinement has been developed, offering a new chamfer change to the present ISO standard ensuring a longer coating operational life.

Published
2016

31. Degradation and service-life prediction of silicone rubber in a highly alkaline environment simulating concrete

Author

J.-F. Masson, Itzel Lopez–Carreon, Jiyuan Wu, Otome Obukohwo, Peter Collins, Marzieh Riahinezhad, and Elnaz Esmizadeh

Subjects
General Engineering, surface morphology, General Materials Science, service life prediction, silicone membrane, alkaline stability, toughness durability
Abstract

This research investigates the aging resistance of a silicone product exposed to highly alkaline conditions. A silicone membrane was immersed in a pH 13.5 solution and aged up to 30 days at four temperatures between 40 °C and 70 °C. The effects of alkaline aging on morphology, mechanical properties, thermal properties and surface chemistry of the alkaline-exposed silicone membranes were scrutinized by various techniques. On alkaline solution aging, both surface and bulk morphology and chemical structure were found to evolve as the silicone membrane experienced toughness deterioration. After failure criteria were established based on practical considerations, the service life of the silicone product was estimated using the Dakin-Arrhenius model, which provided for a cross-linking activation energy of 60 kJ/mol. The calculated service life of over one year for silicone membranes revealed alkaline immersion provides significant aging acceleration, although prediction of silicone performance in contact with concrete in field situations requires further investigation.

Published
2024

32. MATERI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM PERSPEKTIF HADITS

Author

Muchlis Muchlis

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

PendidikaMempelajari sejarah kehidupan Rasulullah SAW akan terus menarik karena seluruh aspeknya bernilai pendidikan. Di antara aspek yang menarik itu adalah hadis nabi yang diriwayatkan oleh Imam Muslim atau yang lebih dikenal dengan hadis Jibril. Kajian ini bertujuan membahas Hadis Jibril yang bersinggungan langsung dengan proses pembelajaran dalam perspektif pendidikan, yaitu materi pendidikan. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Peneliti mencatat semua temuan secara umum pada setiap pembahasan penelitian yang didapatkan dalam literatur-literatur dan sumber-sumber,mengumpulkan buku/kitab secara bertahap. Data-data yang ada dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan hermeneutik dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan content analysis, kemudian mengkaji, mempelajari, dan mencatat literatur yang ada kaitannya dengan fokus kajian. Hasil Kajian menunjukkan bahwa Materi pendidikan yang terdapat dalam hadits Jibril antara lain: materi iman, materi islam/fikih, materi akhlak, dan materi tanda-tanda hari kiamat.

Published
2023

33. Smoking and Maras Powder Use by Pregnant Women Living in Kahramanmaras and Associated Factors

Author

Deniz AKYILDIZ, Hatice Gül ÖZTAŞ, and Gülnaz ERDİ

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to determine the smoking and Maras powder use by pregnant women living in Kahramanmaras and associated factors. Method: This research, a cross-sectional study method, was carried out in a state hospital in Kahramanmaras with 669 pregnant women. Research data were collected by the face-to-face meeting method through a questionnaire form. Results: 12.9% of the pregnant women smoked cigarettes, and 4.9% used Maras powder. The probability of smoking during pregnancy was high for women who graduated from primary school (OR=1.80; 95% CI=0.57-5.72), with a low-income level (OR=7.95; 95% CI=2.91-21.68), women without health insurance (OR=0.05; 95% CI=0.01-0.30), women who lived in the city (OR=4.40; 95% CI=1.14-16.93), women who perceived the relationship with their spouse negatively (OR=7.26; 95% CI=1.24-42.33), women who were smoking before pregnancy (OR=269.61; 95% CI=202.76-351.32), and whose spouses were smoking cigarettes (OR=1.29; 95% CI=1.14-1.47) and using Maras powder (OR=0.15; 95% CI=0.04-0.54). The rate of Maras powder use during pregnancy was high for women who had a negative relationship with their spouses (OR=3.29; 95% CI=1.32-8.16), whose spouses used Maraş powder (OR=4.41; 95% CI=1.83-10.65), and who also used Maras powder during pre-pregnancy (OR=2.41; 95% CI) =0.94-6.15). Conclusion: This study determined that a considerable number of women smoked cigarettes and used Maras powder during their pregnancies. It is recommended that new studies be planned to determine the use of Maras powder during pregnancy in Kahramanmaraş and its surrounding provinces.

Published
2023

34. Relationship between Attachment Styles, Social Media Addiction, and Contingencies of Self-Worth

Author

Mustafa BAYRAKTAR and Seher BALCI ÇELİK

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between three-dimensional attachment styles and contingencies between self-worth with the level of social media addiction in university students. Method: The sample of the research consists of 817 (Female: 507, Male: 310) university students studying at Ondokuz Mayıs University. Three Dimensional Attachment Styles Scale, Contingencies of Self-worth Scale, and Social Media Addiction Scale were used as data collection tools. Results: There is a relationship between the contingencies of self-worth domains and the level of social media addiction in university students, and that physical appearance and getting approval self-worth domains have a mediating effect in the relationship between the anxious/ambivalent attachment style and the level of social media addiction. The independent variable anxious/ambivalent attachment in domains of approval and physical appearance affects the dependent variable social media addiction level. Conclusion: When the values obtained are examined, each unit of change in independent variables causes 2.1 times change in the dependent variable social media addiction level.

Published
2023

35. Farklı Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığı Düzeyine Sahip Çocuklarda Görsel Uzaysal Bilişsel Beceriler ve Çalışma Belleği Kapasitesinin Karşılaştırılması

Author

Selin YILMAZ and Tuğba ÜNEY

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı 10-14 yaşları arasında video oyunları oynayan çocukların dijital oyun bağımlılığı düzeyleri ile görsel uzaysal bilişsel becerileri ve çalışma belleği performansları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini yaş ortalaması 12,35 (SS=0,75) olan 98 çocuk (36 kız ve 62 erkek) oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama araçları Bilgi Toplama Formu, Çocuklar İçin Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığı Ölçeği, Saat Çizme Testi ve Wechsler Bellek Ölçeği-III Harf-Sayı Dizisi Alt Testi’dir. Bulgular: Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) sonuçlarına göre dijital oyun bağımlılığı düzeyi riskli grupta Saat Çizme Testi puanı az riski grubun puanına göre artış gösterirken, bağımlı grupta bu test performansının riskli gruba göre düşük seviyede olduğu bulunmuştur. Benzer şekilde riskli grupta Harf-Sayı Dizisi Testi puanı az riskli gruba göre artarken, bağımlı grupta bu test performansının riskli gruptan düşük seviyede olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Video oyunları oynamanın çocukların görsel uzaysal becerilerini ve çalışma belleği performanslarını artırabildiği, ancak bağımlılık arttıkça bu becerilerin bozulabileceği görülmüştür. Dolayısıyla video oyunlarının daha nitelikli ve sınırlı süreli olarak kullanılabilmesi için çocuklara yönelik eğitim programlarının oluşturulması önerilmektedir.

Published
2023

36. Kompülsif Çevrimiçi Satın Alma Davranışı ile Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Stres Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Author

Zeliha TRAŞ and Hikmet Beyza YAKICI

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmada bireylerin kompülsif çevrimiçi satın alma davranışı ve depresyon, anksiyete, stres arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Kompülsif çevrimiçi satın alma davranışının cinsiyet ve algılanmakta olan gelir düzeyine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı incelenmiştir. Yöntem: İlişkisel tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu 18 yaş ve üzeri ( =26,12, ss=4,54) 93 erkek ( %24,2) ve 292 kadın (%75,8) olmak üzere çevrimiçi satın alma davranışını gerçekleştiren olan toplam 385 bireyden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama araçları olarak Kompülsif Çevrimiçi Satın Alma Davranışı Ölçeği, Depresyon, Anksiyete, Stres Ölçeği Kısa Formu ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Bireylerin kompülsif çevrimiçi satın alma davranışının cinsiyete göre farklılaşmadığı bulgusu elde edilmiştir. Bireylerin kompülsif çevrimiçi satın alma davranışı puanları ile depresyon, anksiyete ve stres alt boyutları puanları arasında orta düzeyde pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki elde edilmiştir. Depresyon, anksiyete ve stres alt boyutu puanlarını kompülsif çevrimiçi satın alma davranışı üzerindeki toplam varyansın %17’sini açıklamaktadır. Sonuç: Kompülsif çevrimiçi satın alma davranışı cinsiyete göre değişiklik göstermemektedir. Bireylerin depresyon, anksiyete, stres düzeylerinin artması kompülsif çevrimiçi satın alma davranışlarını artırmaktadır.

Published
2023

37. Ergenlerde Anne Babaya Bağlanma ve Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Arasındaki İlişkide Duygu Düzenlemenin Aracı Rolü

Author

Bilal KALENDER, Ezgi ŞEN DEMİRDÖĞEN, and Erdi BAHADIR

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, 15-18 yaş aralığındaki ergenlerde anne babaya bağlanmanın akıllı telefon bağımlılığı üzerindeki etkisinin ve duygu düzenlemenin aracı rolünün incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 15-18 yaş aralığın da 175’i kız 205’i erkek olmak üzere toplam 380 lise öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak demografik veri formu, Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeği, Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğü Ölçeği-Kısa Formu ve Anne Babaya Bağlanma Ölçeği-Kısa Formu kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Akıllı telefon bağımlılığı ile anneye bağlanma ve babaya bağlanma puanları arasında düşük düzeyde, negatif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler görülmüştür. Benzer şekilde duygu düzenleme güçlüğü ile anneye bağlanma ve babaya bağlanma puanları arasında düşük düzeyde, negatif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Anneye bağlanmanın akıllı telefon bağımlılığını yordamasında duygu düzenleme güçlüğünün tam aracı rolünün istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Anneye bağlanma ve duygu düzenleme akıllı telefon bağımlılığı varyansının %15’lik kısmını açıklamaktadır. Bunun yanında babaya bağlanmanın akıllı telefon bağımlılığını yordamasında duygu düzenleme güçlüğünün kısmi aracı rolünün istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Babaya bağlanma ve duygu düzenleme akıllı telefon bağımlılığı varyansının %15’lik kısmını açıklamaktadır. Sonuç: Akıllı telefon bağımlılığına yönelik koruyucu ve önleyici adımlarda ebeveynlerin farklı düzeyde rolü olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca uzmanların duygu düzenleme güçlüğü üzerinde yapacakları çalışmalar veya eğitimler de akıllı telefon bağımlılığının gelişmesi noktasında engelleyici bir adım olarak faydalı olabilir.

Published
2023

38. Genç Yetişkinlerde Fonksiyonel Olmayan Tutumlar ve Dijital Bağımlılık Düzeyi İlişkisi

Author

Feride ERCAN, Senanur ERDOĞAN, Cansu ERLEN, Dilanur İNCE, Esma DEMİRCİ, and Nursel ALAN

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı genç yetişkinlerde fonksiyonel olmayan tutumlar ve dijital bağımlılık düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini olasılıksız örnekleme yöntemlerinden gelişigüzel örnekleme yöntemi ile ulaşılan 18-24 yaş arası n=390 genç yetişkin oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak; “Katılımcı Bilgi Formu”, “Fonksiyonel Olmayan Tutumlar Ölçeği (FOTÖ-17)” ve “Dijital Bağımlılık Ölçeği (DBÖ)” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri Google Forms aracılığıyla hazırlanan çevrimiçi anket formu ile elde edilmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 20,93 ± 1,60 (min.=18,0; max.=24,0) olup, %83,8’i kadın idi. Katılımcıların FOTÖ-17 ortalama puanı 53,47±19,32 ve DBÖ ortalama puanı 2,79±0,82 idi. Katılımcıların FOTÖ-17 ve DBÖ’den alınan toplam puan ortalamaları arasında pozitif yönlü orta şiddette bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Katılımcılara ilişkin tanıtıcı özellikler ve internet kullanımına ilişkin değişkenler ile fonksiyonel olmayan tutumları ve dijital bağımlılık düzeyleri değişkenleri ile kurulan lineer regresyon modeli istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olup, modelin varyansın %33,7’sini açıkladığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Genç yetişkinlerde dijital bağımlılık, fonksiyonel olmayan tutumlara sahip olma, eğitim düzeyi, günlük internet kullanım süresi ve ek bir kronik hastalığa sahip olmama durumu ile açıklanabilmektedir. Bu araştırma dijital bağımlılık üzerinde etkili olan faktörleri anlamaya yardımcı olabilir ve genç yetişkinlere özgü önleyici ve müdahale stratejilerini geliştirmek için kanıt sağlayabilir.

Published
2023

39. Nomofobinin Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığı Üzerindeki Etkisinde Cinsiyetin Düzenleyicilik Rolü

Author

Sevil ÇINAR ÖZBAY, Selma DURMUŞ SARIKAHYA, Özkan ÖZBAY, Aysun AKÇAM, and Yalçin KANBAY

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, nomofobinin dijital oyun bağımlılığı üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak ve bu etkide cinsiyet değişkeninin düzenleyicilik rolünü incelemektir. Yöntem: Çalışmanın evrenini Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören ön lisans ve lisans öğrencileri oluşturmuştur. Bu öğrencilerden dijital oyun oynadığını belirten 1074 öğrenci çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracında “Öğrenci Bilgi Formu”, “Fırat Nomofobi Ölçeği” ve “Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığı Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Değişik sosyoekonomik düzeylerden öğrencinin yer aldığı bu çalışmanın %60,7’si kadın öğrencilerden oluşmakta olup, katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 21,5 ± 2,9 (Min=17; Max=38) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre nomofobinin dijital oyun bağımlılığı üzerinde etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu etkide cinsiyet değişkeninin moderatör etkiye sahip olduğu ve bu etkide erkek cinsiyette olmanın kadın cinsiyete göre daha büyük etkiye sebep olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada nomofobi’nin dijital internet bağımlılığı değişkeni üzerindeki değişimin yaklaşık %16’sını açıkladığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Nomofobinin dijital oyun bağımlılığı üzerindeki etkisinde erkek cinsiyetin etkisinin kadın cinsiyete oranla daha büyük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin nomofobi ve dijital oyun bağımlılık düzeylerinin düzenli olarak değerlendirilmesi, onları etkileyen faktörlerin ayrıntılı olarak belirlenmesi için önerilmektedir.

Published
2023

40. Effect of Childhood Trauma on Substance Users’ Attitudes of Coping with Stress

Author

Oya Sevcan ORAK, Halil İbrahim BİLKAY, and Çiğdem ZENGİN

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Objective: This study seeks to examine the effects of childhood traumas on substance users’ attitudes of coping with stress. Method: This descriptive study seeking relationship was conducted with 133 individuals diagnosed with substance use and receiving treatment in the alcohol and substance treatment centre and closed psychiatry clinics of a mental health hospital located in Turkey. Results: The mean age of first substance use of the participants included in the study was 17.8 ± 4.7. The participants got the highest score from the emotional neglect subscale of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (12.83 ± 3.46). Individuals in the study got the highest score from the religious coping subscale of the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (13.39 ± 2.71). Childhood traumatic experiences were found to be effective in the development of coping attitudes including denial, behavioural disengagement, use of emotional social support, substance use, and acceptance. Conclusion: Childhood traumatic experiences of substance users have an effect on their dysfunctional coping attitudes. It is recommended that psychiatric nurses include primary, secondary, and tertiary protective approaches towards childhood traumas in their work on combating addiction.

Published
2023

42. Nanocapsules: An Emerging Drug Delivery System

Author

Parijat Pandey, Deepika Purohit, Pawan Jalwal, Deeksha Manchanda, Sapna Saini, Ravinder Verma, Deepak Kaushik, Vineet Mittal, Manish Kumar, Tanima Bhattacharya, Md. Habibur Rahman, and Rohit Dutt

Subjects
General Engineering, General Materials Science, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

Background: Controlled drug release and site-specific delivery of drugs make nanocapsules the most approbative drug delivery system for various kinds of drugs, bioactive, protein, and peptide compounds. Nanocapsules (NCs) are spherical shape microscopic shells consisting of a core (solid or liquid) in which the drug is positioned in a cavity enclosed by a distinctive polymeric membrane. Objectives: The main objective of the present study is to elaborate on various formulation techniques and methods of nanocapsules (NCs). The review also spotlights various biomedical applications as well as on the patents of NCs till date. Methods: The review was extracted from the searches performed using various search engines such as PubMed, Google Patents, Medline, and Google Scholars, etc. In order to emphasize the importance of NCs, some published patents of NCs have been also reported in the review. Results: NCs are tiny magical shells having incredible reproducibility. Various techniques can be used to formulate NCs. The pharmaceutical performance of the formulated NCs can be judged by evaluating their shape, size, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity, etc. using different analytical techniques. Their main applications are found in the field of agrochemicals, genetic manipulation, cosmetics, hygiene items, strategic distribution of drugs to tumors, nanocapsule bandages to combat infection, and radiotherapy. Conclusion: In the present review, our team made a deliberate effort to summarize the recent advances in the field of NCs and focus on new patents related to the implementation of NCs delivery systems in the area of some life-threatening disorders like diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases.

Published
2023

46. Formulation Optimization and Evaluation of Nanocochleate Gel of Famciclovir for the Treatment of Herpes Zoster

Author

Ashwini Deshpande, Abhishek Kanugo, and Rahul Sharma

Subjects
General Engineering, General Materials Science, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

Background: Herpes zoster is a viral infection triggered due to the reactivation of the varicella- zoster virus in the posterior dorsal root ganglion. Herpes zoster infections occur mostly in the facial, cervical and thoracic regions of the body, beginning with pain and resulting in the vesicular eruption. Recently, this infection was observed during the Covid-19 pandemic and also after the induction of mRNA-based vaccine for coronavirus at an extended level. Nanocochleates are cylindrical (cigarshape) microstructure lipid-based versatile carriers for drug delivery systems. Famciclovir is an antiviral agent employed for the treatment of Herpes zoster infections. Objective: The current research aims to develop a novel nanocochleate gel of Famciclovir for the treatment of herpes zoster infections with higher efficacy. Methods: The interaction studies using FTIR were carried out and indicated no such interactions between the drug and lipids. The nanocochleates were developed using hydrogel, trapping, liposome before cochleate dialysis, direct calcium dialysis and binary aqueous-aqueous emulsion methods, respectively. The 32 Box-Behnken design was applied by considering the concentration of lipids (phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol) and speed of rotation as independent factors, whereas particle size and entrapment efficiency as dependable factors. Results: The developed nanocochleates were estimated for the particle size (276.3 nm), zeta potential (-16.7 mV), polydispersity index (0.241), entrapment efficiency (73.87±0.19 %) and in-vitro diffusion release (>98.8 % in 10 h). The optimized batch was further converted into the topical gel using carbopol 940 as a gelling agent. The prepared gel was smooth, rapidly spreadable with a viscosity (5998.72 cp), drug content (95.3 %) and remained stable during stability studies. Conclusion: A novel nanocochleate gel of Famciclovir was successfully developed for the treatment of infections associated with Herpes Zoster with sustained release action.

Published
2023

48. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles of Vernonia cinerea Leaf Extract and their In vitro Cytotoxicity Activity against Neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y Cell Lines, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Studies

Author

Narahari N, Palei, S Navaneetha, Krishnan, R, Jayaraman, S Hemanth, Reddy, Anna, Balaji, Malay K, Samanta, and Bibhash C, Mohanta

Subjects
General Engineering, General Materials Science, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

Background: Green syntheses of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts have potential anti- cancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, among other aspects. The aim of the present study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Vernonia cinerea plant extract. Methods: The AgNPs were successfully prepared and characterized using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, particle size, Zeta potential, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. The in vitro cytotoxicity study was performed using neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cell lines. Moreover, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity studies were also performed for AgNPs. Results: The size of AgNPs determined through the dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique was 49.5 nm and the zeta potential was -36.8 mV. The synthesized AgNPs were checked using UV-Visible spectroscopy at ƛmax 439 nm. The color was changed from green to dark brown, indicating the formation of AgNPs. The TEM study revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical in shape. The XRD pattern of AgNPs produced in this experiment was apparently crystalline. The results of FTIR study revealed that the majority of the obtained peaks correspond to the polyphenols, triterpenoids, and alkaloids which were abundant in the corresponding to the V. cinerea leaf extract and support to the formation of AgNPs. The cytotoxicity effect of the V. cinerea plant extract and biosynthesized AgNPs was found to be dosedependent. From the results of antimicrobial studies, it was reported that the gram negative bacteria were found to be more susceptible compared to the gram positive bacteria. Moreover, the results of antioxidant study revealed that the AgNPs showed good antioxidant activity (77.21%) in comparison to the V. cinerea plant extract (56.13%). Conclusion: Based on the results, it could be concluded that the green synthesized silver nanoparticles showed promising anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-bacterial activities as compared to the plain V. cineria plant extract.

Published
2023

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