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Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)

Rapid changes of the biosphere observed in recent years are caused by both small and large scale drivers, like shifts in temperature, transformations in land-use, or changes in the energy budget of systems. While the latter processes are easily quantifiable, documentation of the loss of biodiversity and community structure is more difficult. Changes in organismal abundance and diversity are barely documented. Censuses of species are usually fragmentary and inferred by often spatially, temporally and ecologically unsatisfactory simple species lists for individual study sites. Thus, detrimental global processes and their drivers often remain unrevealed. A major impediment to monitoring species diversity is the lack of human taxonomic expertise that is implicitly required for large-scale and fine-grained assessments. Another is the large amount of personnel and associated costs needed to cover large scales, or the inaccessibility of remote but nonetheless affected areas. To overcome these limitations we propose a network of Automated Multisensor stations for Monitoring of species Diversity (AMMODs) to pave the way for a new generation of biodiversity assessment centers. This network combines cutting-edge technologies with biodiversity informatics and expert systems that conserve expert knowledge. Each AMMOD station combines autonomous samplers for insects, pollen and spores, audio recorders for vocalizing animals, sensors for volatile organic compounds emitted by plants (pVOCs) and camera traps for mammals and small invertebrates. AMMODs are largely self-containing and have the ability to pre-process data (e.g. for noise filtering) prior to transmission to receiver stations for storage, integration and analyses. Installation on sites that are difficult to access require a sophisticated and challenging system design with optimum balance between power requirements, bandwidth for data transmission, required service, and operation under all environmental conditions for yea

Die in den letzten Jahren beobachteten raschen Veränderungen der Biosphäre werden sowohl durch kleine als auch durch großräumige Faktoren verursacht, wie z. B. Temperaturverschiebungen, Veränderungen in der Landnutzung oder Veränderungen im Energiehaushalt der Systeme. Während sich die letztgenannten Prozesse leicht quantifizieren lassen, ist es schwieriger, den Verlust an biologischer Vielfalt und Gemeinschaftsstrukturen zu dokumentieren. Veränderungen in der Abundanz und Vielfalt von Organismen werden kaum dokumentiert. Zählungen von Arten sind in der Regel lückenhaft und werden durch einfache, räumlich, zeitlich und ökologisch oft unbefriedigende Artenlisten für einzelne Untersuchungsgebiete abgeleitet. So bleiben schädliche globale Prozesse und ihre Triebkräfte oft unentdeckt. Ein Haupthindernis für die Überwachung der Artenvielfalt ist der Mangel an taxonomischem Fachwissen, das für großflächige und feingranulare Bewertungen unbedingt erforderlich ist. Ein weiteres Hindernis ist der hohe Personalaufwand und die damit verbundenen Kosten, die für die Erfassung großer Gebiete erforderlich sind, oder die Unzugänglichkeit entlegener, aber dennoch betroffener Gebiete. Um diese Einschränkungen zu überwinden, schlagen wir ein Netz von automatisierten Multisensor-Stationen zur Überwachung der Artenvielfalt (AMMODs) vor, das den Weg für eine neue Generation von Zentren zur Bewertung der biologischen Vielfalt ebnen soll. Dieses Netzwerk kombiniert Spitzentechnologien mit Biodiversitätsinformatik und Expertensystemen, die das Expertenwissen bewahren. Jede AMMOD-Station kombiniert autonome Probennehmer für Insekten, Pollen und Sporen, Audiorekorder für lautäußernde Tiere, Sensoren für flüchtige organische Verbindungen, die von Pflanzen emittiert werden (pVOC), und Kamerafallen für Säugetiere und kleine Wirbellose. AMMODs sind weitgehend eigenständig und können die Daten vor der Übertragung an die Empfangsstationen zur Speicherung, Integration und Analyse vorverarbeiten (z., Rapid changes of the biosphere observed in recent years are caused by both small and large scale drivers, like shifts in temperature, transformations in land-use, or changes in the energy budget of systems. While the latter processes are easily quantifiable, documentation of the loss of biodiversity and community structure is more difficult. Changes in organismal abundance and diversity are barely documented. Censuses of species are usually fragmentary and inferred by often spatially, temporally and ecologically unsatisfactory simple species lists for individual study sites. Thus, detrimental global processes and their drivers often remain unrevealed. A major impediment to monitoring species diversity is the lack of human taxonomic expertise that is implicitly required for large-scale and fine-grained assessments. Another is the large amount of personnel and associated costs needed to cover large scales, or the inaccessibility of remote but nonetheless affected areas. To overcome these limitations we propose a network of Automated Multisensor stations for Monitoring of species Diversity (AMMODs) to pave the way for a new generation of biodiversity assessment centers. This network combines cutting-edge technologies with biodiversity informatics and expert systems that conserve expert knowledge. Each AMMOD station combines autonomous samplers for insects, pollen and spores, audio recorders for vocalizing animals, sensors for volatile organic compounds emitted by plants (pVOCs) and camera traps for mammals and small invertebrates. AMMODs are largely self-containing and have the ability to pre-process data (e.g. for noise filtering) prior to transmission to receiver stations for storage, integration and analyses. Installation on sites that are difficult to access require a sophisticated and challenging system design with optimum balance between power requirements, bandwidth for data transmission, required service, and operation under all environmental conditions for yea, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)