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A solution blow spinning (SBS) process was utilized to create nanofibers of TiO2/C and TiO2/C/N with potential applications in photocatalysis and dye adsorption. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as a carbon and nitrogen source. Their content in the TiO2 structure decreased as the temperature increased from 350 to 550 °C. Physical-chemical, morphological, and structural features were investigated. Adsorption and photodegradation experiments revealed that the material calcined at 400 °C had higher dye removal (98%) under dark settings, whereas the greater photodegradation efficiency under visible and UV light was 56% and 98%, respectively, for the sample calcined at 550 °C. The results suggest that the SBS has the potential to develop an efficient adsorbent and photocatalyst for use in treatments of contaminated water.

A highly efficient NiFe2O4/TiO2 nanofibrous photocatalyst was prepared by a simultaneous solution blow spinning method. The hybrid fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and magnetometry. The photocatalytic properties were evaluated using Crystal violet (CV) and Congo red (CR) dyes under visible light irradiation. Fibers calcined at 600 ºC and 700 ºC showed the highest CV decolorization (77%). On the other hand, for CR, the best performance was encountered with the photocatalysts heat-treated at 500 ºC, which exhibited photocatalytic degradation of 87% after only 30 min of visible light irradiation. The high reaction rates (0.018 to 0.067 min-1) explain the fast decolorization yielded by the combined effect of adsorption and photocatalytic processes. Moreover, recyclability assays showed stable CR dye efficiency after five recycling cycles. Therefore, the NiFe2O4/TiO2 nanofibers present a high potential for application in the decolorization treatment of wastewater from the textile industry.

Currently, there is a severe shortage of good-quality feldspar deposits. On the other hand, porcelain tile polishing residue has been widely recognized as an alternative raw material for the ceramic industry. Thus, this research evaluated the effect of the partial replacement of feldspar by the porcelain polishing residue (PPR) in formulations for sanitary stoneware. It was replaced from 2% to 20% of the total mass of feldspar by the residue. The raw materials were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and particle size determination. Then, they were mixed in a wet ball mill, and the rheological properties of the suspensions were analyzed. Samples of the test were produced by slip casting and sintered at 1160 °C, 1180 °C, and 1200 °C. Rheological characteristics were not affected when up to 20% of feldspar was replaced by residue. Bodies with high amounts of PPR had flexural strength and water absorption values similar to those of bodies without PPR in formulations. Furthermore, apparent porosity values lower than the reference mass were obtained with the addition of 6% of the residue in the formulation.

Abstract Refractory ceramics were produced from clays and alumina waste. Specimens were shaped by uniaxial pressing, subjected to thermal analysis by dilatometry and heat-treated in a conventional furnace at 1300 and 1400ºC, applying a heating rate of 5ºC/min and a dwell time of 2 and 3 hours at the maximum temperature. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and physicomechanical properties. The dilatometric analysis before heat treatment indicated that the formulation containing the largest amount of fluxing oxides presented the highest linear shrinkage. The XRD analysis revealed that mullite was the major phase and needle shaped crystals typical of mullite obtained from clay minerals were observed by SEM. The increase in firing temperature and dwell time at the maximum temperature improved the physicomechanical properties of the specimens. The thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) in the range of 25 to 1000ºC varied from 6.2 to 6.9 x 10-6°C-1.

Os nanocompósitos de polipropileno/ bentonita e polipropileno/compatibilizante/bentonita foram preparados empregando uma extrusora dupla rosca acoplada a um Reômetro de Torque Haake. A argila bentonita natural proveniente do Município de Boa Vista - PB passou por um processo de purificação para em seguida ser aditivada com carbonato de sódio e posteriormente tratadas com o sal quaternário de amônia, visando a obter argila organofílica. As argilas foram caracterizadas por granulometria por difração de laser, análise química, espectroscopia de infravermelho e DR-X. Os resultados de granulometria e análise química mostraram que o processo de purificação foi eficiente em retirar as frações mais grosseiras mantendo as frações finas bem como na eliminação de minerais acessórios. Os resultados de FTIR e DR-X mostraram que o sal quaternário de amônio foi incorporado à argila confirmando a organofilização. Posteriormente a argila bentonita organofílica foi incorporada ao polipropileno (PP) e PP/compatibilizante (PP-g-AA e PP-g-MA são polipropilenos enxertados com ácido acrílico e anidrido maleico, respectivamente). A formação dos nanocompósitos bem como as propriedades das misturas PP/ORG (ORG - argila organofílica) e PP/compatibilizante/ORG foram verificadas por DR-X, MET e propriedades mecânicas. As análises de DR-X, MET mostraram que pode ter ocorrido a formação de nanocompósitos intercalado devido aos deslocamentos dos picos para ângulos de 2q inferiores. Os resultados das propriedades mecânicas mostraram que houve uma melhoria em algumas propriedades mecânicas.In this work, polypropylene/bentonite and polypropylene/compatibilizer/bentonite nanocomposites were prepared by the melt intercalation method, using a counter-rotating intermeshing twin-screw extruder attached to a Haake System 90 Rheometer. Initially the natural bentonite clay, from Boa Vista - PB, was subjected to a purification process and then treated with sodium carbonate. Further, it was treated with ammonium quaternary salt to obtain an organoclay. The clays were characterized, according to granulometric, by laser diffraction, chemical analysis, infrared spectroscopy - FTIR, and X ray diffraction - XRD. The granulometric and chemical analysis results showed that the purification process was effective for removing the coarse fractions and eliminating some accessory minerals. FTIR and XRD results showed that the ammonium quaternary salt was incorporated to the clay, confirming the organophilization. In the subsequent stage of this work, the bentonite organoclay was incorporated to both polypropylene (PP) and PP/compatibilizer (PPgAA and PPgMA are polypropylenes grafting acrylic acid and maleic anhydride, respectively). The formation of nanocomposites as well as the properties of PP/ORG (ORG - organoclay) and PP/compatibilizer/ORG mixtures were analyzed by XRD, MET and mechanical properties. XRD and MET results showed that the formation of interlayer/flocculated nanocomposites has occurred for PP/compatibilizer/ORG systems. The mechanical properties results showed that some mechanical properties (final elongation and toughness) have been considerably improved.

α-Fe2O3 and FeMnO3/α-Fe2O3 fibers were successfully prepared via Solution Blow Spinning (SBS). The effect of drying during the SBS process on fiber morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms. A slow drying promoted continuous fibers with rough surfaces and lower average diameters. However, fast drying enabled the production of fibers with low densification and many surface pores with higher BET-specific surface areas. The porous fibers produced have potential applications in energy generation and storage.

Mineral extraction and processing industries have been cited as sources of environmental contamination and pollution. However, waste recycling represents an alternative recovery option, which is interesting from an environmental and economic standpoint. In this work, recycling of kaolin processing waste in the manufacture of mullite-based ceramics was investigated based on the statistical design of mixture experiments methodology. Ten formulations using kaolin processing waste, alumina and ball clay were used in the experiment design. Test specimens were fired and characterized to determine their water absorption and modulus of rupture. Regression models were calculated, relating the properties with the composition. The significance and validity of the models were confirmed through statistical analysis and verification experiments. The regression models were used to analyze the influence of waste content on the properties of the fired bodies. The results indicated that the statistical design of mixture experiments methodology can be successfully used to optimize formulations containing large amount of wastes.