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Conus nobilis var. vincoomnes Lichtenstein, 1794 Conus nobilis Linnaeus, 1758, is a well-known species from the Indian Ocean. The description of C. nobilis vincoomnes Lichtenstein, 1794, fits exactly C. nobilis victor Broderip, 1842 (e.g., Abbott & Dance, 1983: 247; Röckel et al. 1995: pl. 36, fig. 8), characterized by the two areas with multiple bands consisting of tightly spaced dark brown markings. Both, Lichtenstein (1794) and Broderip (1842) compare their species to C. nobilis and C. ammiralis, further strengthening the identity of the two specific names, although no dimensions were given by Lichtenstein. Lichtenstein noted that this species is extremely rare with the three exclamation marks; C. nobilis victor is still today a rare shell from Indonesia. The name vincoomnes had never been used in the literature, hence, was designated by Geiger (2003) a nomen oblitum, and C. nobilis victor is a nomen protectum. The subspecies is currently accepted as valid in WoRMS. Note the similarity in the species names (victor = the winner; vincoomnes = I win all), which may prompt some speculation as to the origin of Broderip’s material. Broderip (1842) had two specimens at hand, one from H. Cuming, the other from the Reverend A. Harford, whereas Lichtenstein based his description on a single specimen. The two Broderip specimens had equal standing as syntypes. Finet & Caillez (1993) inadvertently designated a lectotype by labelling the specimen shown in their fig. 5 as “ Holotype BMNH 1992085”; the wherabouts of the second specimen is not known. The name given by Broderip (1842) may also be seen in the context of naming a small, rare, and finely patterned species akin to C. cedonulli Linnaeus, 1758. The latter species epithet signifies “I cede to none” or, as Dance (1966) phrased it, “second to none”. Accordingly, C. victor and C. vincoomnes could have been named independently in that tradition, though there is no indication to such an intent in either of the original descriptions., Published as part of Geiger, Daniel L., 2022, Anton August Heinrich Lichtenstein's (1794) Catalogus Rerum Naturalium Rarissimarum, pars secunda. Facsimile edition and annotated translation, pp. 1-126 in Zootaxa 5127 (1) on pages 115-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5127.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6460645, {"references":["Lichtenstein, A. A. H. (1794) Catalogus Rerum Naturalium Rarissimarum Sectio Secunda Continens Conchylia, Item Mineralia, Ligna Exotica, & Arte Parata. Gottlieb Friedrich Schniebes, Hamburg, 118 pp.","Linnaeus, C. von (1758) Systema Naturae, per Regna Tria Naturae. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 1384 pp.","Broderip, W. J. (1842) s. n. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London, 10, 53 - 55.","Abbott, R. T. & Dance, S. P. (1983) Compendium of Seashells. E. P. Dutton, New York, ix + 411 pp.","Rockel, D., Korn, W. & Kohn, A. J. (1995) Manual of the Living Conidae. Vol. 1. Indo-Pacific Region. Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 517 pp.","Geiger, D. L. (2003) A. A. H. Lichtenstein's (1794) Catalogus rerum naturalium rarissimarum sectio secunda on mollusks: an appraisal of taxa described in an overlooked tome. Archives of Natural History, 30, 75 - 84.","Finet, Y. & Caillez, J. - C. (1993) The type of Conus nobilis Linnaeus, 1758: a specimen from Java. La Conchiglia, 25 (266), 18 - 28.","Dance, S. P. (1966) Shell Collecting: an Illustrated History. Faber and Faber, London, xv + 265 pp."]}

PCA of SNP genotypes of Hypseleotris species and hemiclone hybrids for A. concatenated loci from the low coverage SNP dataset and B. concatenated loci from the medium coverage SNP dataset.

(new species description; short note with no abstract)

Scissurella nesbittae n. sp. (Fig. 1) ZooBank LSID [ According to Richard Pyle of ZooBank, Zootaxa arranges for ZooBank registrations]. Type material. Holotype SBMNH 467092. Paratypes SBMNH 637694 (11 specimens), UWBM 112001 ��� 112005, from type locality. An additional 10 specimens UWBM 112006 ��� 112015. Type locality. LACMIP locality 41621 (= UCMP loc. 3607); Gries Ranch Formation, latest Eocene or earliest Oligocene, 33���34 Ma (latest Priabonian or earliest Rupelian) (Prothero & Burns 2001). South bank of Cowlitz River at the bend, east half of the SW �� of Sec. 24, T. 11 N. R. 2 W., at site of the old Gries Ranch, Lewis County, Washington. The scissurellid fossils are from silty sandstone directly below the thick oyster bed in the eastern part of the outcrop. GPS coordinates: 46.4188�� N, 122.8788�� W. Etymology. Named for Elizabeth A. Nesbitt for her contributions to stratigraphy and paleontology of the Pacific Northwest. Description. Shell to at least 1 mm (based on shell remnants on base of holotype), trochiform, suture below periphery of previous whorl. Protoconch of 0.75 whorls, fine axials, apertural varix connected to embryonic cap, apertural margin sinusoid. Teleoconch I of 1.125 whorls, about 22 axial cords, interstices with finest lamellar growth lines; first fine spiral thread after 1���2 axial cords, five at onset of selenizone. Teleoconch II of at least 1.75 whorls (based on shell remnants on base of holotype), shoulder with similar sculpture as on teleoconch I, about five spiral lines irregularly spaced between suture and selenizone. Selenizone slightly above periphery; keels of moderate strength, elevation. Base without constriction below selenizone, with axial cords similar to shoulder, spiral lines increasing in strength towards umbilicus, in vicinity of umbilicus forming small nodes at intersection with axial cords. Umbilicus narrow, distinct funiculus. Comparisons. Sinezona malloryi (Squires & Goedert, 1996) from middle early Eocene rocks in Washington has a distinct constriction of the base below the selenizone, and the suture is above the periphery of the previous whorl. Sinezona cupelliformis (Amitrov, 1996) from Eocene strata of Ukraine has many more axials. Scissurella aliceae Schnetler, Lozouet & Pacaud, 2001, from Paleocene rocks in Denmark has a sunken protoconch, a much wider selenizone, and stronger spiral sculpture on the shoulder. Scissurella bituminata Beets, 1942, from Oligocene (or late Miocene, see Janssen 1999) deposits in Indonesia has a distinct constriction below the selenizone, and more distinct and regular spiral sculpture. Scissurella depontailleri Cossmann, 1879, including its various synonyms (Geiger 2012), of Paleocene through Miocene age from Europe has regular spiral sculpture on the base. Scissurella marchmontensis Sohl, 1992, from Late Cretaceous rocks of the Caribbean has a distinct constriction on the base below the selenizone and prosocline axials. Remarks. The generic assignment to Scissurella is tentative because no complete mature specimens are known. Protoconch sculpture had been considered a means to diagnose scissurellid genera, but it has been shown to be highly variable (Geiger 2003, 2012)., Published as part of Geiger, Daniel L. & Goedert, James L., 2020, Scissurella nesbittae, new species, from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County Washington State (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Scissurellidae), pp. 593-596 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on pages 593-595, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.11, http://zenodo.org/record/3740997, {"references":["Prothero, D. R. & Burns, C. (2001) Paleomagnetism of the upper Eocene Gries Ranch Formation, Grays Harbor [sic] County, Washington. In: Prothero, D. R. (Ed.), Magnetic Stratigraphy of the Pacific Coast Cenozoic. Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) Book 91. Society for Sedimentary Geology, Tulsa, Oklahoma, pp. 179 - 183.","Squires, R. L. & Goedert, J. L. (1996) New species of small to minute gastropods of early Eocene age from the Crescent Formation, Black Hills, southwest Washington. The Veliger, 39, 226 - 240.","Amitrov, O. V. (1996) Scissurellids (Gastropoda, Scissurellidae) from the upper Eocene of Ukraine. Ruthenica, 5, 93 - 104.","Schnetler, K. I., Lozouet, P. & Pacaud, J. - M. (2001) Revision of the gastropod family Scissurellidae from the Middle Danian (Paleocene) of Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 48, 79 - 90.","Beets, C. (1942) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der angeblich oberoligocanen Mollusken-Fauna der Insel Buton, Niederlandisch-Ostindien. Leidsche Geologische Mededeelingen, 13, 255 - 328.","Janssen, A. W. (1999) Euthecosomatous gastropods (Mollusca: Heterobranchia) from Buton (SE Sulawesi, Indonesia), with notes on species from Viti Levu, Fiji; systematics, biostratigraphy. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 78, 179 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1003791217555","Cossmann, M. (1879) Description de deux especes Nouvelles du tongrien des environs d'Etampes. Journal de Conchyliologie, Series 3, 27, 346 - 348, pl. 13.","Geiger, D. L. (2012) Monograph of the Little Slit Shells. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, 1291 pp., 1042 figs., 5 color pls., 11 identification cards.","Sohl, N. F. (1992) Upper Cretaceous gastropods (Fissurellidae, Haliotidae, Scissurellidae) from Puerto Rico and Jamaica. Journal of Paleontology, 66, 414 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0022336000033977","Geiger, D. L. (2003) Phylogenetic assessment of characters proposed for the generic classification of Recent Scissurellidae (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda) with description of one new genus and six new species from Easter Island and Australia. Molluscan Research, 23, 21 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / MR 02017"]}

Scissurellidae Gray, 1847 Scissurella d���Orbigny, 1824 Type species. Scissurella laevigata d���Orbigny, 1824 (subsequent designation Gray 1847)., Published as part of Geiger, Daniel L. & Goedert, James L., 2020, Scissurella nesbittae, new species, from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County Washington State (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Scissurellidae), pp. 593-596 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on page 593, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.11, http://zenodo.org/record/3740997, {"references":["Gray, J. E. (1847) A list of the genera of Recent Mollusca, their synonyms and types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 15, 129 - 219. https: // doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X- 129. Q 1.38"]}

Geiger, Daniel L. (2019): The Family Seguenziidae Verrill, 1884 in the Northeast Pacific, including a comment on excessive numbers of taxonomic data portals. Zoosymposia 13: 61-69, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.13.1.7

Geiger, Daniel L. (2016): Severnsia strombeulima n. gen. & sp. from Hawaii (Mollusca, Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Eulimidae). Zootaxa 4084 (4): 587-589, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4084.4.8

Severnsia new genus (Fig. 1) Type species. Severnsia strombeulima new species. Etymology. The genus is named for Mike Severns, the collector of the grunge material yielding the specimens, for his contributions to the malacofauna of Hawaii (Severns 2011). Gender feminine. Diagnosis. Shell small, high-spired, smooth, protoconch indistinct, lip strongly flared, spur of parietal thickening up-turned. Remarks. The placement of the genus in Eulimidae follows the smooth, feature-less protoconch, and the smooth teleoconch with fine axial marks typical seen in Eulimidae. While Eulimidae show a broad range of shell morphologies, the flared lip with upturned spur of the parietal callus is not known from any genus, Recent or fossil. Severnsia is as distinct from any described and currently accepted genus as those accepted genera differ amongst each other. Forcing the species into any existing genus would make any genus extraordinarily heterogeneous. Goriella Moolenbeek, 2008 (monotypic: G. sandroi Moolenbeek, 2008) from the Maldive Islands shares the flared lip, but is proportionally smaller (33% vs 58% of shell height), and lacks the upturned parietal spur; additionally it has a strong peripheral carination on the teleoconch not seen in Severnsia. Goubinia Dautzenberg, 1923 [monotypic: G. insueta (Dautzenberg, 1923)] from French Polynesia shares the flared lip, which is, however, proportionally smaller (34% vs 58% of shell height), lacks the upturned spur of the parietal wall, has spines on the teleoconch in the plane of the lip, and has a curved teleoconch. Crinophtheiros collinsi (Sykes, 1903) from the Mediterranean Sea has a much less flared lip compared to Severnsia., Published as part of Geiger, Daniel L., 2016, Severnsia strombeulima n. gen. & sp. from Hawaii (Mollusca, Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Eulimidae), pp. 587-589 in Zootaxa 4084 (4) on page 587, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4084.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/1052377, {"references":["Severns, M. (Ed.) (2011) Shells of the Hawaiian Islands. Conchbooks, Hackenheim, 564 pp."]}

Severnsia strombeulima new species (Fig. 1) Type material. Holotype SBMNH 454737. Paratype SBMNH 457572, from type locality. Type locality. 5.1 km W of Makena, Maui, Hawaii, USA, 20�� 39.290���N, 156�� 29.561���W, 433��� 407 ft [= 144��� 136 m]. Leg. Mike Severns, July 4, 2013. Etymology. Referring to the flared lip as commonly seen in Strombus, and Eulima for the systematic affinity. Noun in apposition. Description. Shell small (holotype 1.57 �� 0.97 mm, paratype 1.67 �� 0.91 mm), off-white, transparent, high-spired. Protoconch rounded, without sculpture. Teleoconch of approximately four whorls, overall smooth; axial, opisthocline growth lines, more or less aligned along teleoconch. Aperture oval-lenticular, slanted. Parietal thickening distinct, pleated, covering umbilicus, forming broadened up-turned spur. Anal notch sharp, shallow. Aperture strongly flared, at widest approximately �� width of last whorl, with downturn below periphery (Fig. 1: *). Distribution. Currently only known from type locality. Remarks. The pitting of the shell in the paratype is evidently a post-mortem alteration, not seen in the fresh dead holotype. The pleating of the parietal thickening is variable; in the holotype it is evident as a thin line in the middle of the callus, while in the paratype it is a stronger fold. The function of the flared lip remains enigmatic. In strombids it may help to support the relatively heavy shell on soft sediments. However, most eulimids are parasites on echinoderms. Whether S. strombeulima is parasitic and its potential host is unknown. One may speculate, that the flared lip helps to form a continuous surface with the body of the host as an alternative approach to the limpet shape in some groups (e.g., Eulimidae: Thyca H. & A. Adams, 1854). However, the up-turned, parietal spur, seen in identical form in both known specimens, does not fully support such an interpretation. With respect to the faunal assemblage, the shells were obtained from a thanatocoenosis. The species assemblage recovered is a typical cross section of tropical micromollusks. A full list can be examined in the SBMNH on-line collections database (www.sbcollections.org) by searching for the type locality. Habitat information was obtained from M. Severns (pers. comm. 12/2015): ���The area the specimens came from is pretty much defined by its depth as far as the sediment and habitat is concerned. It is shallow by Hawaii standards, which made it very interesting right from the beginning. The bottom is a series of rounded hills that were surely islands just 10,000 years ago with several relatively flat ���bays��� between them as well as ���channels���. Near the upper slopes we found fossil corals and avoided the summits of the hills due to rock so most collecting was done on the lower slopes, in the channels and on the flat sand and silt bottom pockets between the hills which had only occasional hard substrate. A couple deeper areas with large flat expanses must have been bays at one time. Three are very obvious on Google Earth. If I remember correctly the samples came from one of those flat areas which had numerous calcareous red algae ���balls��� which quickly filled the dredge.��� The genus and species are described based on few specimens. The justification for erecting the new taxa is borrowed from statistics: strong, highly consistent differences permit to show significance with few data points. The species is as distinct from any existing genus, as member of existing species are from each other. Accordingly, it is better to introduce a new genus rather than to force it into an existing genus where it does not fit. Describing species based on few specimens can have a positive effect on reporting it by others; without an available name it is difficult to refer to the species. An example is the pea crab commensal in abalone, Orthotheres haliotidis Geiger & Martin, 1999. It was first critically viewed as a potential collecting artifact, but after the publication of the description, it was suddenly found at infestation rates of up to 50% (E. Capinpin, pers. comm.). Similarly, Depressizona exorum Geiger, 2003 was erected as a monotypic genus and species based on few specimens; now a second species (Depressizona axiosculpta Geiger, 2009) is known from two specimens. Mike Severns kindly sent grunge samples from Hawaii. Anders War��n generously shared his knowledge on Eulimidae. Reviewers (Marta deMaintenon and anonymous) helped to improve the quality of the manuscript., Published as part of Geiger, Daniel L., 2016, Severnsia strombeulima n. gen. & sp. from Hawaii (Mollusca, Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Eulimidae), pp. 587-589 in Zootaxa 4084 (4) on pages 587-589, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4084.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/1052377

Sinezona platyspira new species (Figure 7) Type material. Holotype (NMNZ M. 301400: Fig. 7 A). 0.95 × 0.6 mm. Paratype from type locality (NMNZ M.301399, 1: Fig. 7 B). Type locality. West Norfolk Ridge, W of Cape Reinga, New Zealand, 34.298 ˚S, 168.430 ˚E, 785–800 m, 2 June 2003, RV Tangaroa, comminuted coral and bryozoans. Etymology. Platy-, flat, -spira, spire: referring to the flat spire of the species. Adjective. Description. Shell small (to 0.95 mm. Fig. 7), trochiform depressed. Protoconch 1 whorl, strong axials, no apertural varix, apertural margin convex. Teleoconch I of 0.9–1.1 whorls, 12–26 axial lamellae, interstices with finest growth marks, no spirals. Teleoconch II of 0.6 whorl, suture deeply impressed. Shoulder flat; approximately 12–21 axial cords, often restricted to adsutural quarter, in some specimens almost absent; no spirals. Base with distinct constriction below selenizone; on teleoconch I, axial lamellae continuous into umbilicus; on teleoconch II, fewer axial lamellae (approximately 6) fading out towards umbilicus; no spirals. Umbilicus open, deep, cavity produced by rounded portion of previous whorls, underside of protoconch visible, bordered by strong spiral cord. Aperture tilted, D-shaped, roof overhanging. Selenizone above periphery, keels strong, quite elevated; lunules distinct, foramen closed with short anterior raphe. Animal unknown. Distribution. West Norfolk Ridge, W of Cape Reinga, northern New Zealand, 785– 800 m. Specimen records. West Norfolk Ridge, W of Cape Reinga, 34.285 ˚S, 168.430 ˚E, 785–800 m (NMNZ M.172128, 31). Remarks. Sinezona platyspira can be distinguished from New Zealand species as follows. Sinezona bandeli has a strong constriction on the base below the selenizone, has an umbilicus with straight walls, and the protoconch has an apertural varix. Sinezona brevis has an umbilicus with straight walls, a much shorter selenizone (0.1 vs. 0.4 whorl), and a more elevated spire. Sinezona iota has a much taller shell with protruding protoconch, the umbilicus has straight walls, and the protoconch has an apertural varix. Sinezona laqueus has a stronger constriction of the base below the selenizone, the umbilicus has straight walls, and has axial folds as opposed to lamellae. Sinezona levigata has a callus covering the umbilicus, lacks a constriction of the base below the umbilicus, and has no axial lamellae. Sinezona mechanica has an umbilicus with straight walls, about twice as many finer axial cords, and has axial cords over the entire width of the shoulder on teleoconch II. Sinezona pacifica has an umbilicus with straight walls, is overall taller, and has a protoconch with apertural varix. Sinezona pauperata lacks a selenizone, has a very narrow umbilicus, and lacks axial lamellae. The subantarctic Sin. subantarctica has a callus covering the umbilicus, a very short selenizone (Satondella minuta Bandel, 1998 from the Indo-Pacific has much more elevated keels bordering the foramen.

Sinezona Finlay, 1926 Type species. Schismope brevis Hedley, 1904 (OD). From temperate northern hemisphere to Antarctica, Eocene through Recent., Published as part of Geiger, Daniel L. & Marshall, Bruce A., 2012, New species of Scissurellidae, Anatomidae, and Larocheidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda) from New Zealand and beyond, pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3344 on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281437

Sinezona wanganellica new species (Figures 8–9) Type material. Holotype (NMNZ M. 303304: Fig. 8). 0.71 × 0.41 mm. Paratypes from type locality (NMNZ M.178433, 7). Wanganella Bank summit, West Norfolk Ridge, 32.606 °S, 167.584 °E, 120–126 m (NMNZ M.171826, 14: Fig. 9 B–C). Wanganella Bank summit, 32.573 °S, 167.517 °E, 113 m (NMNZ M.174832, 14: Fig. 9 A). Type locality. Wanganella Bank summit, West Norfolk Ridge, NW of Cape Maria van Diemen, New Zealand, 32.543 °S, 167.487 °E, 133 m, rhodolith gravel and red algae. Etymology. Named for the type locality; adjective. Description. Shell small (to 0.7 mm. Figs 8–9), trochiform depressed. Protoconch of 1 whorl, 19–21 sharp axials from midline to outer suture, embryonic cap with some irregular flocculations, no apertural varix, apertural margin slightly convex. Teleoconch I of 0.875–0.9 whorl with 12–22 sharp to elevated axial cords with onset close to suture on early teleoconch I shifting to past position of selenizone with onset of selenizone; interstices with finest growth marks, no spiral sculpture. Teleoconch II of 0.66 whorl, suture impressed. Shoulder overall flat, concave towards selenizone; mainly finest growth marks, 0–12 axial cords in adsutural quarter, no spiral sculpture. Base with distinct constriction below selenizone, same density and strength of axial cords as on teleoconch I; some axial cords not reaching umbilicus. Umbilicus formed by rounded portion of previous whorls, underside of protoconch visible. Selenizone above periphery; keels moderately strong, quite elevated; lunules very strong; slit closed anteriorly to foramen. Aperture rounded D-shaped, roof overhanging. Animal unknown. Distribution. West Norfolk Ridge, 113– 800 m. Specimen records. West Norfolk Ridge. 32.653 ˚S, 167.528 ˚E, 133 m (NMNZ M.174834, 1); 32.666 ˚S, 167.560 ˚E, 133 m (NMNZ M.174841, 5). ESE of Wanganella Bank, 34.284 ˚S, 168.430 ˚E, 785–800 m (NMNZ M.172128, 31). Remarks. Sinezona wanganellica can be distinguished from New Zealand species as follows. Sinezona bandeli Marshall, 2002 has an overall taller shell, has spiral threads on the shoulder and base of the teleoconch, and has a narrower umbilicus occluding the underside of the protoconch. Sinezona mechanica lacks a sunken in apex, has a more rounded whorl profile, and has at least 50 % more axial cords. Sinezona platyspira has a longer teleococh I (1.125 vs. 0.875 whorl) and has at least 50 % more axials on the protoconch. Scissurella regalis has a protoconch with at least 50 % more axials, which bear strong median thickenings, has a longer teleoconch (1.125 vs. 0.875 whorls), and retains an open slit.